選修8第4單元重點單詞

沈倩倩

1. classify [klsIfaI] vt.

分類;歸類

The books in the library are classified according to subject. 圖書館的書按學科分類。

劃分;界定

classify sb./sth. as sth. 把某人 / 物歸入……

Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major. 這些事故中只有十一例被判定為重大事故。

派生詞classification

[U] 分類;歸類;分級

For the convenience of our classification， any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.為了我們分類的方便，凡年滿18歲者均算作成年人。

[C] 類別;等級;門類

Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的價目表適合4個基本類別的顧客。

易混辨析classify， catalogue與systematize

以上各詞均含“分類”之義。classify指將事物按照共有的特征進行分類;catalogue指把商品、書籍等編成目錄;systematize指將論據(jù)、數(shù)字、想法等按系統(tǒng)化、條理化進行分類。

【考題鏈接】 The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to ___ foods as healthy or unhealthy.

答案：classify

2. remark [rImɑk]

[C] 談論;言論;評述

He made a number of rude remarks about the food. 關于這里的食物他說了許多無禮的評論。

vt. 談到;評論

A local newspaper remarked that crime was on the decrease. 一家地方報紙評論說犯罪案件在減少。

vi. 評論;談論

The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 評委們說明了參賽作品的高水準。

易混辨析comment， note， remark 與observe

以上各詞均指口頭或書面說明事實或發(fā)表意見。comment指發(fā)表意見或說明事實;note指特別提到或指出;remark 指談判、談論、評述;observe指說起、談論、評論。

【考題鏈接】 Lena quickly jumped in with a diverting ___.

答案：remark

3. condemn [kndem]

vt. 譴責;指責

The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. 這家報紙的主編被指責為不夠正直。

vt. 宣判;判處（某人某種刑罰）

He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. 他因兇殺罪被判處死刑后被絞死。

易混辨析blame， admonish， berate， censure， condemn， rebuke與 reproach

以上各詞均有“指責，責怪”之義。blame為普通用詞，表示把過錯或壞事歸咎于某人或某事;admonish通常指對某人所做的錯事當面給予批評、警告等;berate指因某人的過錯而氣憤地訓斥、責備某人;censure側重指公開、不留情面地批評或指責;condemn尤指從道義上對某人或某事予以譴責;rebuke指對某人的過錯給予尖銳的斥責，含刻薄或憤怒之意;reproach指失望、不滿或憤恨地指責某人，但這種指責有時可能失于公正。

【考題鏈接】 The government issued a statement ___ the killings.

答案：condemning

4. compromise [kmprmaIz]

[U， C] 妥協(xié);折中;互讓;和解

Compromise is an inevitable part of life. 妥協(xié)是生活中不可避免的一部分。

After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. 經(jīng)過長期的商談雙方終于達成了妥協(xié)。

vi. 妥協(xié)，折中，讓步

Neither side is prepared to compromise. 雙方都不準備妥協(xié)。

易混辨析compromise， concession與give-and-take

以上各詞均有“妥協(xié)，讓步”之意。compromise指有關各方或人員均作出讓步以達成的折中協(xié)議，也指妥協(xié)的行為;concession

指為結束爭執(zhí)、分歧等而對他方作出的退讓;give-and-take 指為滿足彼此的意愿、要求等而互相作出的讓步。

【考題鏈接】 It is possible that we all have ___ conversational intelligence.

答案：compromised

5. overlook [vlk]

vt. 忽略;未注意到

He seems to have overlooked one important fact.他好像忽略了一個重要的事實。

vt. （對不良現(xiàn)象等）不予理會，視而不見

We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence. 對這樣嚴重的違法行為，我們決不能視若無睹。

vt. 俯視;眺望

Our backyard is overlooked by several houses. 好幾棟房子都看得見我家的后院。

【考題鏈接】 It is easy to ___ the role that your body plays in influencing your mood.

答案：overlook

6. fade [feId]

vi. & vt. （使）褪色;（使）變淡，變暗

The curtains had faded in the sun. 窗簾已經(jīng)給曬褪色了。

The sun had faded the curtains. 太陽把窗簾曬褪了色。

vi. 逐漸消逝;逐漸消失

Her smile faded. 她的笑容逐漸消失。

fade away 逐漸消逝

The laughter faded away. 笑聲逐漸消逝。

（運動員、運動隊、演員等）走下坡路，衰退，衰落

Black faded on the final bend. 布萊克在最后一個彎道處速度慢了下來。

易混辨析fade， blanch， bleach， discolor與 whiten

以上各詞都有“顏色變淡變淺”的含義。fade指（使）某物失去顏色和光澤;blanch指（使）某人因害怕或震驚而變得面色蒼白或（使）某物變白;bleach 指通過日照或使用化學品使某物顏色變淡或變白;discolor指（使）某物變色，通常變得比以前難看;whiten指（使）某人的臉色或某物變白或在原來的基礎上變得更白。

【考題鏈接】 Never could it ___ from my mind and I expected another activity like this.

答案：fade

7. adaptation [dpteI（）n]

[C] 改編本;改寫本

Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book？ 你認為這部改編的電影劇本忠實于原著嗎？

[U] 適應

This process is known as adaptation. 這個過程即所謂適應。

派生詞adapt [dpt]

vi. & vt. （使）適應

All animals have to adapt to their environment. 所有的動物都必須適應它的環(huán)境。

adapt （oneself） to （doing） sth. 使自己適應某事

I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐漸適應了獨立生活。

vt. 改編;改寫

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. 下面一頁改編自一本英語詞典。

【考題鏈接】 The good thing about children is that they ___ very easily to new environments.

答案：adapt

8. effective [IfektIv]

adj. 產(chǎn)生預期結果的;有效的

The talks between both sides were effective in settling their disputes. 雙方會談在解決彼此間的糾紛上是有效的。

adj. 實際的;事實上的

Her brother is the king， but she is the effective ruler. ?她的兄弟是國王，但她才是實際的統(tǒng)治者。

adj. 生效的;起作用的

The new rules will become effective in the next few days. 新規(guī)定將在幾天后生效。

派生詞effect [Ifekt]

[U， C] 效應;影響;結果

have （an） effect on / upon 對……產(chǎn)生

影響;對……起作用

Early people had very little effect on the environment. 早期人類對環(huán)境沒有多少影響。

in effect 實際上;事實上

The two methods were in effect identical. 那兩種方法事實上是一樣的。

take effect 生效;起作用

These measures are just beginning to take effect. 這些措施剛開始生效。

【考題鏈接】 Although these measures are not ___ forever， they are vital for now.

答案：effective

9. hesitate [hezIteIt]

vi. 猶豫;躊躇

He hesitated before he replied. 回答前，他猶豫了一下。

hesitate about / over 對……猶豫不決

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 不要猶豫了，馬上就辦。

She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 她對到底選擇這兩件衣服中的哪一件猶豫不決。

vi. 顧慮;疑慮

If you need any help， don't hesitate to call us. 如果你有任何顧慮，隨時電話聯(lián)系我們。

派生詞hesitation [U] 猶豫;躊躇

I accepted the job without hesitation. 我毫不猶豫地接受了這份工作。

【考題鏈接】 We are at your service. Don't ___ to turn to us if you have any further problems.

答案：hesitate

10. disapprove [dIspru：v]

vt. & vi. 不贊成;不同意;反對;譴責

I am sorry I must disapprove your action. 很抱歉，我必須譴責你的行動。

She wants to train for the theatre but her parents disapprove. 她想訓練自己做戲劇演員，但她的父母不贊成。

disapprove （of） 不贊成

Many people disapprove of scientific experiments on animals. 許多人不贊成用動物做科學實驗。

派生詞 disapproval [U] 不贊成

He shook his head in disapproval. 他搖了搖頭，表示反對。

disapprovingly adv. 不以為然地;不贊成地

When Mary lit a cigarette， her father looked at her disapprovingly. 當瑪麗點燃一根香煙，她的父親不贊成地看著她。

【考題鏈接】 Upon seeing my ___， he quickly backtracked and then insulted blacks.

答案：disapproval