從深圳到世界:1/4世紀(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)之路

文/圖：單增亮 Shan Zengliang

深圳是中國第一個(gè)被聯(lián)合國認(rèn)定為設(shè)計(jì)之都的城市。如果在這座城市里尋找一家設(shè)計(jì)企業(yè)，它從深圳創(chuàng)業(yè)起步，不斷迎接大型建筑的設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)，取勢增長，揚(yáng)名全國，甚至跨越洲際，在世界范圍內(nèi)獲得設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，那么最有代表性的公司無疑是CCDI（悉地國際）。

從1994年創(chuàng)業(yè)至今，CCDI（原名中建國際設(shè)計(jì)，2012年股份改制后定名為悉地國際設(shè)計(jì)集團(tuán)）走過了四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)的企業(yè)征程，在這個(gè)充滿抱負(fù)和波折的時(shí)代背景中，所有中國民營設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)遇到的困惑和壓力，悉地國際都在第一時(shí)間進(jìn)行了嘗試并且給予行業(yè)一次又一次可供參鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。時(shí)至今日，這家規(guī)模宏大的企業(yè)，依然將國際視野與深圳高效進(jìn)取的文化觀念緊密嵌套、將建筑設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)作與組織規(guī)模化驅(qū)動作為雙重理想，活躍在一線的設(shè)計(jì)舞臺，不斷為社會帶來耳目一新的標(biāo)志性作品。

關(guān)于CCDI 的許多事件和記憶可以追溯到一座著名的奧運(yùn)建筑。大約在2003年，CCDI 聯(lián)合澳大利亞PTW 事務(wù)所在多家國際頂級建筑事務(wù)所參加的設(shè)計(jì)競賽中脫穎而出，憑借獨(dú)特的東方禪意和大膽的材質(zhì)運(yùn)用，贏得國家游泳中心（水立方）設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，這是2008年北京奧運(yùn)會最重要的兩個(gè)場館之一。精巧的設(shè)計(jì)和大量復(fù)雜建筑科技的應(yīng)用，使得水立方成為多年來唯一獲得國家科技進(jìn)步一等獎(jiǎng)的建筑實(shí)例。也是從這座建筑開始，CCDI 作為一家與眾不同的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)，開始得到國內(nèi)和國際建筑界的廣泛關(guān)注。

奧運(yùn)會之后，CCDI 延續(xù)著世界級水準(zhǔn)的體育建筑設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)勢。CCDI 體育事業(yè)部的建筑師們相繼為中國各大城市創(chuàng)作了上百個(gè)體育場館和健身設(shè)施。2009年，濟(jì)南奧體中心一場三館以“東荷西柳”作為構(gòu)思的原型，通過輕盈的仿生造型為超大體量建筑賦予人性尺度的界面。2019年，新落成的杭州體育中心將花瓣擬態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)分解成江南絲綢般的編織肌理，讓巨型建筑的體態(tài)更為輕柔。

在CCDI 的成長軌跡中，技術(shù)的積累始終得益于良好的合作意識。CCDI 在國際合作項(xiàng)目中保持著一貫的開放性、支持性和包容性，也逐步營造出對客戶需求的探知能力和對項(xiàng)目品質(zhì)的全過程控制力。由CCDI 與Steven Holl Architects 聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)的深圳萬科中心（2010年建成）是的國內(nèi)極少數(shù)獲得LEED 鉑金認(rèn)證的建筑物之一。在大量使用的綠色技術(shù)之外，這座建筑最重要的設(shè)計(jì)概念可以還原為一種開放式的場所關(guān)系——CCDI 的工程師很好地理解到這一點(diǎn)，并通過斜拉索結(jié)構(gòu)體系等一系列技術(shù)措施加以實(shí)現(xiàn)。CCDI 與KPF 聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)的深圳平安金融中心、與OMA 合作設(shè)計(jì)的卡塔爾中央圖書館、與Jean Nouvel 合作設(shè)計(jì)的多哈外交部大樓等一系列作品，都已成為中外合作的典范之作。在這樣一個(gè)過程中，CCDI 不僅獲得了技術(shù)能力和創(chuàng)作水準(zhǔn)的持續(xù)提升，也無形之中承擔(dān)起更多的社會責(zé)任：讓越來越多的中國建筑師在相互信任與協(xié)作的環(huán)境中得以成長。

伴隨著技術(shù)的積累和聲譽(yù)的提升，CCDI 的公司規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大，時(shí)至今日員工人數(shù)已接近6000 人，不僅在中國民用建筑領(lǐng)域是最大規(guī)模設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)，即使在世界范疇，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)組織也是嘆為觀止的。規(guī)?；砷L的動力來自于多專業(yè)、多區(qū)域、多產(chǎn)品線的協(xié)同效應(yīng)。大約自2007年起，CCDI 進(jìn)行了公司組織架構(gòu)的重組，試圖以一種產(chǎn)品事業(yè)部與區(qū)域公司的交互矩陣式結(jié)構(gòu)來實(shí)現(xiàn)更為多元化的服務(wù)譜系，出于這樣的設(shè)定，公司拓展出交通、醫(yī)療、酒店、規(guī)劃咨詢等多種新業(yè)務(wù)。這一組織結(jié)構(gòu)歷經(jīng)五年優(yōu)化，如今演變?yōu)椤岸喈a(chǎn)品線”的復(fù)合管理模式，以適應(yīng)更大規(guī)模的發(fā)展需求。在企業(yè)內(nèi)部，員工們將這場精心謀劃的管理邏輯稱之為戰(zhàn)略變革，它不僅形成了多元化的業(yè)務(wù)局面，也為專業(yè)人員的成長提供了更為廣闊的舞臺。

在這樣一種組織設(shè)定下，CCDI 的業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)勢得以快速移植到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。以交通建筑為例，2007年CCDI 在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的業(yè)績幾乎是一片空白，如今，近兩百座火車站、碼頭和機(jī)場正在陸續(xù)建成，其中包括中國最南端的火車站和最北端的國際機(jī)場。在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，CCDI 的設(shè)計(jì)力圖通過明晰的空間處理和適宜的技術(shù)手段，表達(dá)精致而有節(jié)制的地域美學(xué)。三亞火車站（2008年設(shè)計(jì)、2010年建成）植根于海南熱帶環(huán)境和當(dāng)?shù)氐牟馁|(zhì)特征，優(yōu)美的屋頂曲面構(gòu)成起伏的風(fēng)景，營造出輕松舒適的氛圍，成為豐富人們旅行記憶的城市場所。而在天津國際郵輪客運(yùn)中心（2008年設(shè)計(jì)、2010年建成），CCDI 的建筑師創(chuàng)作出一種基于自然構(gòu)形的設(shè)計(jì)原則，通過平行和交織的手法，在保持交通建筑功能邏輯的基礎(chǔ)上營造出活力四射的空間體驗(yàn)。

進(jìn)入21 世紀(jì)的第三個(gè)十年，CCDI 回歸到設(shè)計(jì)的本原，在文化性、先鋒性和原創(chuàng)性方面進(jìn)行了新一輪的探索，這依然得益于設(shè)計(jì)組織上的策略：公司有選擇地形成多個(gè)富含創(chuàng)作激情的建筑工作室，為它們在財(cái)務(wù)和運(yùn)營指標(biāo)上配置了一系列扶植措施，并以此吸引力一批新鮮的設(shè)計(jì)力量，力求對當(dāng)代城市建筑問題的進(jìn)行更深層次的思考：其一，如何將建筑與景觀在特定的場所條件下生長出更有生命力的互動形態(tài)；其二：如何在高密度的都市環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)合式的公共空間設(shè)計(jì)。近年來CCDI 的多個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例均對這兩個(gè)問題給出了具體而富有新意的探索。

2012年起，CCDI 以全新的品牌形象開始了新的旅程，并進(jìn)行了一系列國際化的收并購舉措。2013年，CCDI 收購百年歷史的澳大利亞PTW 事務(wù)所，開始走出國門，在非洲和中東獲得設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)訂單。與此同時(shí)，CCDI 在美國本土開設(shè)全新的設(shè)計(jì)品牌ArchilierArchitects，致力于高密度綜合體、酒店、高端住宅的設(shè)計(jì)；在商業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)之外，CCDI 也通過投資和品牌建設(shè)行為，扶持Link-Arc 這類先鋒派的新銳設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)，在文化建筑和社會公益層面做出進(jìn)一步的探索。

回顧25年以來CCDI 的發(fā)展歷程，我們可以看到一系列有組織的戰(zhàn)略布局，它們?yōu)榇笮蜋C(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)品質(zhì)提升提供了保障和方向，也證實(shí)了即使在十分依賴個(gè)體智慧的工程設(shè)計(jì)咨詢類企業(yè)，也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)超大規(guī)模的企業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略，由此帶來社會主流建筑水準(zhǔn)的大幅提升。在這個(gè)過程中，以建筑學(xué)為核心的原創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)能力、以工程學(xué)科為主線的技術(shù)實(shí)施能力、以及面向全過程服務(wù)的項(xiàng)目管理能力，它們彼此的組合延展，構(gòu)成了CCDI 最有競爭力的資源格局。在步入二十一世紀(jì)的第三個(gè)十年，CCDI 的集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略顯得更為清晰：通過產(chǎn)品化管理、一體化經(jīng)營、實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)協(xié)同和多區(qū)域擴(kuò)張，以滿足中國城市化對工程設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)行業(yè)持續(xù)而復(fù)合的需求。盡管未來在很多方面難以預(yù)測，我們對改變和提升人類城市環(huán)境的品質(zhì)，依然充滿著無盡的信念。

CCDI 集團(tuán)總部所在地，上海灣谷科技園

上?？偛壳芭_區(qū)域

We can trace back many events and memories about CCDI to a famous Olympic building. About 10 years ago, together with the Australian PTW office, CCDI stood out in a design competition featuring participants from many international architectural practices. With a unique oriental Buddhist mood and daring material adoption, CCDI won the National Aquatics Center design task—the Water Cube,which was one of two major venues for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.Depending on elaborate design and mass application of complex construction technology, the Water Cube became the only architectural instance that was awarded as first prize during National Science and Technology Progress Competition. It subsequently won global recognition as a swimming pool with the highest number of world record-breaking races in Olympic history.

Today, the blue Water-Cube lies quietly on one side of the Olympic Park. After the enthusiasm and excitement of the Beijing Olympic Games, it continues to serve as a public venue for water sports, open to citizens and travelers and it is also one of the most innovative new symbols for Beijing. Just from this building, CCDI, as a distinctive design organization, began to win global architectural attention. Architects and engineers from CCDI continue to launch masterpieces in large-scale public buildings after creating this beautiful bubble box.

Since the Olympic Games, CCDI has extended their advantage in sports architectural design at a world level. Architects from CCDI’s sports unit have produced more than 100 stadiums and fitness facilities in Chinese cities alone. They have developed a design philosophy based on organic form, and are leading the aesthetic trend in this field by bringing cultural metaphors to life from a technological perspective. For example, built in 2009, the Jinan Olympic Sports Center uses the lotus and willow as design prototype, which endows the super large-scale building with a light bionic form.The recently designed Hangzhou Sports Center, which is estimated to complete in 2014, separates the petal shape surface into related but different elements and looks softer, achieving the silky weaving texture, like a huge flower beside Qiantang River.

Following CCDI’s development history, the accumulation of technology always benefits from sound cooperation. As a result, CCDI has become one of the most popular partners among international architects. The Shenzhen Vanke Center, jointly designed by CCDI and Steven Holl Architects and completed in 2010, is China’s first LEED platinum certification building—a certification that is rarely achieved by domestic buildings. Besides the adoption of massive green technology, the most important design concept of this building can be restored into an open location relationship, which has been understood perfectly by CCDI engineers and achieved by oblique cable structure and MEP technologies. The Shenzhen Ping-An Tower,jointly designed by CCDI and KPF; the Qatar Central Library with cooperation with OMA; and the Doha Foreign Affairs Ministry Building with cooperation with Jean Nouvel, have became the classic examples of Sino-foreign cooperation.During this process, CCDI has not only acquired technological ability and the continuous improvement in production quality, but has also undertaken more social responsibility unconsciously so that more and more Chinese architects are able to grow in an environment of mutual trust and cooperation.

Along with technological growth and improved reputation, CCDI has expanded quickly with nearly 6000 employees, and is sure to grow even more in the future.Such scale means CCDI is the largest design organization in China, and is also remarkable globally. But it would be too easy to conclude that the pursuit of growth has led to a lack of carefully cultivated organizational logic. In fact, CCDI’s development, like its endless emerging designed masterpieces, is a special organization phenomenon.

In 2007 CCDI changed the way the company was organized in an attempt to diversify the services hierarchy by integrating the product division and the local company.Based on this concept, the company expanded their transportation, healthcare, hotel,urban planning, consultancy, and other new businesses. After five years of optimism,this organization chart has evolved into a more complicated matrix management pattern with multi-disciplinary and multi-products, which has adapted to the larger development needs. Internally, employees regarded this meticulous management logic as strategic reform which has not only diversified the business situation, but also provided a broader stage for the growth of technical staff.

As a result of this reorganization, CCDI has been able to expand into various fields.Although CCDI did not have much experience in transportation buildings before 2007, it currently has nearly 100 railway stations, ferry ports, and airports under construction—from the southernmost railway station and northernmost international airport in China. In the field of transportation buildings, CCDI has attempted to express exquisite and controlled geographical aesthetics through clear space and proper technology. Completed in 2010, the Sanya Railway Station is rooted in the tropic environment of Hainan and features local material. The graceful curves and roofs create a sense of waving scenery and produce relaxed and comfortable atmosphere. For the Tianjin International Cruise Terminal, designed in 2008 and completed in 2010, architects from CCDI created design principles based on a natural configuration, which is to build dynamic space experiences besides the transportation building function through parallel and interlacing silk.

In the third decade of the 21st century, CCDI returned to its roots and started a new round of exploration in culture, pioneering and originality. This gets benefits from the strategy in design organization by which company selectively set up many building studios rich in creative passion and allocated a series of supporting policies to these studios in financial and operational index. In such way, the firm is able to attract many fresh design powers and tries to carry out deeper thinking to modern city building problems. This exploration can be concluded into two basic theory problems: how buildings and landscapes can yield more viable interactivity form in specific conditions and how to realize complex public space design in high density metropolis environments. These two problems are the focus of current international architecture practice.

In 2012, CCDI started its new journey with the launching of a new brand. Reviewing changes over the last 10 years, we witnessed a series of organized innovative strategies which have provided guarantee and direction for design quality of large corporation, and it certifies that even a design consultancy company, fully depending on individual wisdom, is also able to realize a strong company strategy for sustainable development towards a grand future.

2011年，CCDI 上海辦公室利用前臺空間舉辦“新立方”技術(shù)交流活動

2018年，CCDI 集團(tuán)悉尼辦公室的午間工作營

紅土創(chuàng)新廣場