楊艷

渝中區(qū)七星崗?fù)ㄟh(yuǎn)門外的主干道中山一路旁，有兩棟別致小樓，主樓和副樓相連，中西式磚木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑，這就是中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)舊址。

兩棟建筑均為小青瓦歇山式屋頂，西式檐廊，外墻為磚砌抹灰，底層為石板鋪地，基礎(chǔ)為石作。建筑總面積約940平方米，占地面積910平方米。主樓坐東向西，一樓一底，石梯前有一對(duì)1米高的石獅。副樓坐北向南，二樓一底。

中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)的創(chuàng)辦人張西曼，是著名的國民黨左翼人士、中國最早傳播馬列主義的社會(huì)活動(dòng)家之一。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)前后，他參與發(fā)起社會(huì)主義研究會(huì)，翻譯出版《俄國共產(chǎn)黨黨綱》。

1935年10月，張西曼與長兄張仲鈞、畫家徐悲鴻等人在南京發(fā)起創(chuàng)建了中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)?？箲?zhàn)時(shí)期，中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)遷到重慶黃家埡口（現(xiàn)渝中區(qū)中山一路與捍衛(wèi)路交匯處附近），該機(jī)構(gòu)在中共中央南方局支持下，實(shí)際成為大后方文化抗戰(zhàn)的活動(dòng)中心，也是南方局聯(lián)系各界人士，開展統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線工作的重要陣地，特別是郭沫若、屈武、陽翰笙等重要人物和秘密黨員進(jìn)入文協(xié)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層后，該機(jī)構(gòu)為中共加強(qiáng)與蘇聯(lián)以及國際反法西斯同盟國的聯(lián)系，爭取國際社會(huì)對(duì)中國抗戰(zhàn)的支持發(fā)揮了重要作用。

抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，中共中央南方局經(jīng)常利用中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)舉辦講演會(huì)、紀(jì)念會(huì)、座談會(huì)、展覽會(huì)，聯(lián)系各界人士，吸引和團(tuán)結(jié)民眾。曾舉辦陜甘寧邊區(qū)木刻展，上映過蘇聯(lián)影片，中華劇藝社也曾在此排練進(jìn)步戲劇。中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)作為公開的民間機(jī)構(gòu)，是中蘇開展民間文化交流的重要渠道，文化及社會(huì)各界合法交際的重要場(chǎng)所，曾很好地起到增進(jìn)和推動(dòng)中蘇兩國人民了解和友誼的橋梁作用。

中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)是研究抗戰(zhàn)史、外交史、南方局史的重要物證，具有不可替代的重要?dú)v史和文物價(jià)值。2000年，中蘇文化協(xié)會(huì)舊址由重慶市人民政府公布為市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位?，F(xiàn)已修復(fù)完畢，即將對(duì)外開放。

圖片/重慶市文物保護(hù)志愿者服務(wù)總隊(duì)提供

There are two distinctive small buildings beside the main road of Zhongshan First Road outside the Tongyuan Gate of Qixinggang in Yuzhong District. The main building and the annex building are connected with Chinese and Western-style brick-wood structure. This is the former site of the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association.

The two buildings are both constructed with small grey tiles and Xieshan-style roofs， western-style eaves， brickwork and plastering on the exterior walls， slate paving on the bottom floor， and stone foundations. With a total construction area is about 940 square meters， they cover an area of 910 square meters. The main building faces west with two floors. There of a pair of 1-meter -high stone lions in front of the stone stairs. The annex building faces south， with three floors.

Zhang Ximan， the founder of the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association， was a well-known leftist member of the Kuomintang and one of the earliest social activists in China to spread Marxism-Leninism. Around the May Fourth Movement， he participated in the launch of the Socialism Research Association， translated and published the Russian Communist Party Programme.

In October 1935， Zhang Ximan， his elder brother Zhang Zhongjun， painter Xu Beihong and others initiated the establishment of the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association in Nanjing. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association moved to Chongqing Huangjiayakou （now near the intersection of Zhongshan First Road and Hanwei Road in Yuzhong District）. With the support of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China， the organization actually became the center of anti-Japanese cultural activities in the rear area and also an important position for the Southern Bureau to contact people from all walks of life to carry out united front work. In particular， after Guo Moruo， Qu Wu， Yang Hansheng and other important figures and secret party members entered the leadership of the Cultural Association， the institution played an important role in strengthening the ties of Communist Party of China with the Soviet Union and the international anti-fascist allies， and winning the support of the international community for China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China often used the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association to hold lectures， commemorative meetings， symposiums， and exhibitions to contact people from all walks of life to attract and unite the people. It has held a woodcut exhibition in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region， and has shown Soviet films， and the China Theatre Company has also rehearsed progressive dramas here. As an open non-governmental organization， the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association was an important channel for Sino-Soviet non-governmental cultural exchanges and an important place for legal communication between cultural and social sectors. It had served as a bridge to enhance and promote the understanding and friendship between the peoples of China and the Soviet Union.

The Sino-Soviet Cultural Association is an important material evidence for studying the history of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the history of diplomacy， and the history of the Southern Bureau， giving it an irreplaceable important historical and cultural value. In 2000， the former site of the Sino-Soviet Cultural Association was announced by the Chongqing Municipal People's Government as a Chongqing Cultural Relics Protection Unit. It has been repaired for now and will be opened to the public soon.

Picture/Chongqing Cultural Relics Protection Volunteer Service Corps