云計算的未來

尼萊什·克里帕拉尼

Cloud computing and cloud storage have generated significant interest and curiosity around the world. Every company needs cloud services in cloud computing and storage to maintain their business operations. In the past， owing to regulatory mandates banks and financial institutions werent allowed to move customer data to cloud. However， they are increasingly moving non-customer data such as data from enterprise applications to cloud. The global cloud services market is expected to reach USD 555 billion by 2020.

Some of the key cloud services trends to watch out in the year ahead

Serverless Computing： Serverless computing is not new to enterprises， it has been around since 2014 with the introduction of AWS Lambda1 cloud computing platform.

Gartner2 predicts that more than 20 percent of global enterprises will have adopted serverless computing technologies by 2020， a sharp increase from the 5 percent in 2018. The biggest advantage of serverless is that it enables developers to focus on their core product instead of worrying about managing and operating servers， either in the cloud or on-premise3.

Interoperability： This allows customers to move applications and data between on-premises and cloud systems， and between cloud services offered by different providers with little to no impact on systems and processes. Due to interoperability， different cloud services providers can understand each others APIs， configuration， data formats and forms of authentication and authorization.

Edge Computing： The development of enterprise critical applications involving new-age technologies such as Internet of Things （IoT）， Artificial Intelligence （AI）， and Machine Learning （ML）， consumes larger data sets. This has promoted the demand for localized computer， data storage， and network resources. Edge computing is expected to grow at a tremendous rate in the coming years. The edge computing market was valued at USD 1273 million in 2018， and is expected to reach USD 6960 million by 2024， at a CAGR4 of 34%.

Omni-cloud5： We are headed into a multi-cloud world as enterprises are routinely deploying workloads across multiple Infrastructure-as-a-Service providers. However， as applications are becoming more portable， compute cycles need to be quicker in real-time. The year 2020 will witness enterprises moving from Multi-cloud to Omni-cloud channel to reap the benefits of real-time data availability for effective decision making， security， ease of use and scalability.

Kubernetes： In todays IT world， containers have become very popular since it assists developers to manage and move software code. Businesses are increasingly upgrading containers to enable portability between cloud services from AWS， Microsoft Azure， and Google Cloud6， as they ensure DevOps strategies for faster software production. Kubernetes is a popular open-source platform for the orchestration of containers—that is， management of the applications that are built out of multiple， large， and self-contained runtimes.

Mobile Cloud Computing7： The mobile cloud market was valued at USD 24.51 billion in 2018， and is expected to reach USD 94.75 billion by the end of 2024， at CAGR of 25.28%. The substantial growth in smartphones and other portable devices has created an upsurge in the mobile cloud computing market. The mobile cloud offers access to cloud-based applications and services directly to portable devices. This creates an ease of accessing applications or services stored with desired data on any device.

云計算和云存儲引起了全世界極大的關(guān)注與好奇。每家公司的業(yè)務(wù)都需要云計算和云存儲這類云服務(wù)來維持運營。過去，限于監(jiān)管要求，銀行和金融機構(gòu)不可將客戶數(shù)據(jù)傳輸至云端。但是，現(xiàn)在它們更多地將非客戶數(shù)據(jù)（如企業(yè)應(yīng)用程序中的數(shù)據(jù)）傳輸?shù)皆粕稀５?020年，全球云服務(wù)市場規(guī)模有望達到5550億美元。

來年需留意的云服務(wù)幾大趨勢

無服務(wù)器計算：對企業(yè)來說，無服務(wù)器計算并不新鮮。2014年，隨著AWS Lambda云計算平臺的出現(xiàn)，它便應(yīng)運而生。

高德納咨詢公司預測，到2020年，全球有超過20%的企業(yè)將采用無服務(wù)器計算技術(shù)，與2018年的5%相比有大幅增長。無服務(wù)器的最大優(yōu)勢在于，它能使開發(fā)人員專注于其核心產(chǎn)品，無須煩心于管理和操作服務(wù)器，無論服務(wù)器是處于云端還是在本地。

互操作性：互操作性可讓客戶在本地系統(tǒng)和云系統(tǒng)之間以及不同提供商所提供的云服務(wù)之間傳輸應(yīng)用程序和數(shù)據(jù)，也不會對系統(tǒng)和流程造成多少影響。借助互操作性，不同的云服務(wù)提供商可以了解彼此的應(yīng)用程序接口、配置、數(shù)據(jù)格式以及身份驗證和授權(quán)的方式。

邊緣計算：開發(fā)涉及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、人工智能和機器學習等新型技術(shù)的企業(yè)關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用程序會耗費更大的數(shù)據(jù)集。這也促進了對本地化計算機、數(shù)據(jù)存儲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的需求。在未來幾年里，邊緣計算將會以驚人的速度增長。2018年，邊緣計算市場規(guī)模為12.73億美元，預計到2024年將達到69.6億美元，年復合平均增長率為34%。

全云：企業(yè)在多個“基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施即服務(wù)”提供商之間例行部署工作負載，我們便由此步入了多云世界。然而，隨著應(yīng)用程序便攜化程度的提高，實時的計算周期也必須縮短。2020年，企業(yè)將從多云通道轉(zhuǎn)向全云通道，從實時數(shù)據(jù)在有效決策、安全、易用和可伸縮性方面的效用中獲益。

Kubernetes：在今天的信息技術(shù)世界里，容器已經(jīng)十分普及，它可以幫助開發(fā)人員管理、傳輸軟件代碼。企業(yè)不斷升級容器，以實現(xiàn)亞馬遜云、微軟云和谷歌云之間云服務(wù)的可移植性，容器則能夠保障DevOps軟件快速開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實施。Kubernetes是一個常用的開源平臺，用來編排調(diào)度容器，亦即管理多個大型獨立運行時所構(gòu)建的應(yīng)用程序。

移動云計算：2018年移動云市場估值為245.1億美元，到2024年年底有望達到947.5億美元，年復合平均增長率為25.28%。智能手機和其他便攜式設(shè)備的大幅增長，帶來移動云計算市場的迅猛發(fā)展。有了移動云，就可在便攜式設(shè)備上訪問基于云的應(yīng)用程序及服務(wù)。這樣，在任何設(shè)備上訪問存儲所需數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用程序或服務(wù)就會變得十分便利。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎?wù)?單位：青島科技大學外國語學院）