Why reading is so important for your brain

江蘇白蒲高級(jí)中學(xué) 張 馨

三毛說(shuō)：“讀書(shū)多了，容顏?zhàn)匀桓淖?，許多時(shí)候，自己可能以為許多看過(guò)的書(shū)籍都成過(guò)眼煙云，不復(fù)記憶，其實(shí)它們?nèi)允菨撛跉赓|(zhì)里、在談吐上、在胸襟的無(wú)涯，當(dāng)然也可能顯露在生活和文字中?！?/p>

難詞探意

1.cognitive adj.認(rèn)知的

2.cortex n.大腦皮層

3.neuron n.神經(jīng)元

預(yù) 讀 思 考

1.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)與各段段落大意是什么？

2.文章采用了哪些論證方法來(lái)論證閱讀對(duì)大腦的重要性？

There are countless methods to improve your memory andcognitivefunctioning.But the cheapest, easiest, and most time-tested way to sharpen your brain is right in front of your face.It's called reading.

The most basic impact occurs in the area associated with language reception, the left temporalcortex.Processing written material—from the letters to the words to the sentences to the stories themselves—snaps theneuronsto attention astheystart the work of transmitting all that information.That happens when we process spoken language,too,but the very nature of reading encourages the brain to work harder and better.

And the benefits of reading continue long after you've put down that great book.A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days. “We callthata shadow activity,almost like a muscle memory,”said Gregory Berns,PhD,director of the Center for Neuropolicy at Emory.In fact,this is how reading in a way can improve your memory.

OK,you say,it's hardly surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading.But reading also energizes the region responsible for motor activity,the central sulcus.That's because the brain is a very active play actor.When it is reading about a physical activity,the neurons that control that activity get busy as well.You may not actually be riding a horse when you're reading Seabiscuit,but your brain acts as if it were.And the more parts of your brain get a workout,the better it is for your overall cognitive performance.

What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you'll never be able to read enough to get these benefits?A book can fix that problem，too! Scientists at Carnegie Mellon University studied children aged eight to ten who were below-average readers. One hundred hours of extra reading classes significantly improved the quality of their brains'white matter—the tissue that carries signals between areas of gray matter,where information is processed.The researchers'conclusion is that the brains of these children had begun to rewire themselves in ways that could benefit the entire brain, not only the reading-centric temporal cortex.

Reading is really of great importance to your brain.Why not turn off your phone and your computer,and just read for an hour or two every day from now on?

閱讀檢測(cè)

T(true)or F(false)questions

（ ）1.Reading is a time-tested way to improve our memory.

（ ）2.The right temporal cortex is an area linked with language reception.

（ ）3.The benefits of reading won't continue after you've put down the book.

（ ）4.Reading makes the language part of the brain get a workout.

（ ）5.Poor readers actually can't benefit from reading books.

探究視角①語(yǔ)篇分析

“狡黠者鄙讀書(shū)，無(wú)知者羨讀書(shū)，惟明智之士用讀書(shū)，然書(shū)并不以用處告人，用書(shū)之智不在書(shū)中，而在書(shū)外，全憑觀察得之。”書(shū)籍也是一種“營(yíng)養(yǎng)品”，可修身，可怡情，還可“煉腦”。研究表明，每天堅(jiān)持閱讀可以鍛煉和提升大腦的記憶和認(rèn)知能力。本文圍繞“閱讀于大腦的重要性”來(lái)展開(kāi)，是一篇議論文。 議論文通?？梢苑譃橐摚ㄌ岢鰡?wèn)題），本論（擺出證據(jù)）和結(jié)論（重申簡(jiǎn)介或主張）。

本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

Structure Paragraph（s） Main idea（s）Topic Para.1 ●Reading can improve memory and cognitive functioning.ImpactPara.2●Reading lets the brain work harder and better.●The benefits of reading will last even after you've put down that book.Reasons Para.3～5●Reading not only practices the language part of the brain,but also energizes the central sulcus.●Poor readers can also benefit from enough reading.Conclusion Para.6 ●Reading is important to your brain.

探究視角②語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.文本填空

1.The cheapest,easiest,and most time-tested way to(sharp)your brain is reading.

2. The most basic impact occurs in the the left temporal cortex associatedlanguage reception.

3.It's（hard）surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading.

4.And the more parts of your brain get a workout,the（good）it is for your overall cognitive performance.

5.What if you are a poor readerfeels as if you'll never be able to read enough to get these benefits?

Ⅱ.指代關(guān)系

1.What does the underlined word“they”in paragraph 2 mean?

2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 mean?

3.What does the underlined word“it”in paragraph 4 mean?

Ⅲ.寫(xiě)作推薦

1.OK,you say,it's hardly surprising that the language part of the brain would get a workout from reading.好吧，你說(shuō)大腦的語(yǔ)言部分通過(guò)閱讀得到了鍛煉，這不足為奇。

【信息提取】It's hardly surprising that...意為“……不足為奇”。

【句式仿寫(xiě)】他取得如此大的進(jìn)步不足為奇。

2.What if you are a poor reader who feels as if you'll never be able to read enough to get these benefits?如果你是一個(gè)不擅長(zhǎng)閱讀的人，感覺(jué)似乎讀得再多都難以獲得這些好處，那該怎么辦？

【信息提取】What if...?意為“如果……,該怎么辦？”。

【句式仿寫(xiě)】如果火車(chē)晚點(diǎn)該怎么辦呢？

3.Reading is really of great importance to your brain.閱讀對(duì)你的大腦真的很重要。

【信息提取】be of great importance to...意為“對(duì)……很重要”，源于結(jié)構(gòu)be+of+名詞，與be+adj.表達(dá)的意思一樣。

【句式仿寫(xiě)】每天鍛煉對(duì)孩子的成長(zhǎng)很重要。

探究視角③論證方法

議論文常見(jiàn)的論證方式有舉例論證、道理論證、對(duì)比論證、比喻論證和引用論證等。本文使用的論證方法有：

引用論證 A small study at Emory University found that some of those benefits lasted for five days.比喻論證 We call that a shadow activity,almost like a muscle memory.舉例論證 You may not actually be riding a horse when you're reading Seabiscuit,but your brain acts as if it were.

常見(jiàn)論證方法的作用：

道理論證——通過(guò)講道理的方式證明觀點(diǎn)，使論證更概括、更深入。

對(duì)比論證——突出強(qiáng)調(diào)，使人印象深刻，更具有說(shuō)服力。

比喻論證——使論證更生動(dòng)形象，淺顯易懂。

引用論證——增強(qiáng)說(shuō)服力和權(quán)威性。

探究視角④思維拓展

董卿談閱讀

董卿曾接受《環(huán)球人物》采訪，該采訪視頻播放量高達(dá)1，263 萬(wàn)，視頻中董卿談了自己的閱讀心得。

問(wèn)：你的閱讀習(xí)慣是?

答：我一直保持每天睡覺(jué)之前一個(gè)小時(shí)的閱讀，這個(gè)是幾乎雷打不動(dòng)的，沒(méi)有什么特別的，很多人問(wèn)，你還能堅(jiān)持嗎?我覺(jué)得這個(gè)好像無(wú)所謂堅(jiān)持不堅(jiān)持，就是你習(xí)慣了，臥室里沒(méi)有電視機(jī)和手機(jī)，沒(méi)有任何電子產(chǎn)品，這也是我的一個(gè)習(xí)慣，安安靜靜地看會(huì)兒書(shū)就可以睡覺(jué)了。

問(wèn)：你覺(jué)得值得反復(fù)看的書(shū)有哪些?

答：在這個(gè)世界上值得反反復(fù)復(fù)去閱讀的是唐詩(shī)宋詞。因?yàn)樗绦?，但隨著你年齡的增長(zhǎng)，在不同的生命階段，讀一首詩(shī)、一首詞的理解是不一樣的，可能小時(shí)候就覺(jué)得堆砌辭藻的詩(shī)文的東西會(huì)更觸動(dòng)到自己，但是大了之后就會(huì)越來(lái)越喜歡蘇東坡甚至陸游，覺(jué)得人生不如意十有八九，他們都寫(xiě)在詩(shī)詞里面。

“床前明月光，疑是地上霜。舉頭望明月，低頭思故鄉(xiāng)?！蹦隳苷f(shuō)它簡(jiǎn)單嗎？沒(méi)有一個(gè)字是你不認(rèn)識(shí)的，可能小學(xué)，甚至不用讀小學(xué)的小朋友早教都有了，但是你寫(xiě)不出來(lái)呀。這個(gè)真是太偉大了，它面上的極簡(jiǎn)和它背后所包含的縱橫捭闔的這種精神的情懷和高度，就讓你贊嘆不已，寫(xiě)出千古能夠引起共鳴的情感，挺難的。