蘇葉舟 徐祖瀅 向卉芬 魏兆蓮 曹云霞
摘要:目的? 探討C反應(yīng)蛋白與白蛋白之比(CAR)與宮頸癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法? 回顧性分析2008年1月~2013年1月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的407例行宮頸癌根治術(shù)ⅠB~ⅡA期宮頸癌患者患者的臨床病理資料,根據(jù)CAR臨界值分為CAR高組及CAR低組,比較兩組臨床資料,并采用Cox單因素和多因素分析宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的相關(guān)因素,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析兩組生存率。結(jié)果? ROC曲線分析顯示,CAR截值為0.15,ROC曲線下的面積分別為0.709,CAR隨訪時間、敏感度、特異度分別為5年,0.756,0.894。兩組年齡、腫瘤大小、病理類型比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組輔助治療、腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)是否轉(zhuǎn)移比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Cox單因素分析顯示,宮頸癌患者的預(yù)后與腫瘤分期、輔助治療、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、NLR、PLR、PNI、CAR相關(guān)(P<0.05);Cox多因素分析顯示,腫瘤分期、輔助治療和CAR是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲線顯示,CAR高組生存率低于CAR低組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論CAR值是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素,其預(yù)測價值較好。
關(guān)鍵詞:C反應(yīng)蛋白與白蛋白之比;宮頸癌;預(yù)后因子
中圖分類號:R737.33? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.08.026
文章編號:1006-1959(2020)08-0080-04
Abstract:Objective? To explore the relationship between the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin (CAR) and lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.Methods? A retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological data of 407 patients with cervical cancer stage ⅠB ~ ⅡA who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2008 to January 2013 was divided into CAR high groups according to the CAR threshold compared with the CAR low group, the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Cox univariate and multivariate were used to analyze the prognostic factors of cervical cancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rates of the two groups.Results? ROC curve analysis showed that the CAR cut-off value was 0.15, the area under the ROC curve was 0.709, and the CAR follow-up time, sensitivity, and specificity were 5 years, 0.756, and 0.894, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in age, tumor size, and pathological type between the two groups (P>0.05); there were statistically significant differences in adjuvant therapy, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis between the two groups (P<0.05). Cox single factor analysis showed that the prognosis of cervical cancer patients was related to tumor staging, adjuvant therapy, lymph node metastasis, NLR, PLR, PNI, CAR (P<0.05); Cox multivariate analysis showed that tumor staging, adjuvant therapy, and CAR independent factors for the prognosis of cervical cancer patients (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate of the high CAR group was lower than that of the low CAR group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion? CAR value is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients, and its predictive value is good.
Key words:Ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin;Cervical cancer;Prognostic factor
宮頸癌(cervical cancer)是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,致死率較高[1],其中80%的宮頸癌病理類型是磷狀細(xì)胞癌,對于ⅠB~ⅡA期的宮頸癌患者,根治性子宮切除術(shù)后輔助化療或者放化療是目前較為有效的治療措施,但一旦宮頸癌患者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),預(yù)后較差[2]。宮頸癌淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移是影響宮頸癌患者復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移的重要影響因素,臨床上對于宮頸癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷主要是通過影像學(xué)手段和病理活檢,其操作困難、有創(chuàng),因此發(fā)現(xiàn)合適和較高敏感性的宮頸癌標(biāo)志物對于判斷淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移尤為重要,對于預(yù)測宮頸癌患者的預(yù)后具有一定的幫助并且可提供一定的臨床理論指導(dǎo)。
不同的癌癥相關(guān)介質(zhì)可以促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長、侵犯、轉(zhuǎn)移和血管生成,人乳頭狀瘤病毒HPV可以通過引發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)促進(jìn)宮頸癌的生長[3]。相關(guān)研究表明[5],提高患者的營養(yǎng)狀況可以改善患者的炎癥反應(yīng)[4]。臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,營養(yǎng)不良和低白蛋白血癥是惡性腫瘤炎癥過度反應(yīng)的的結(jié)局,其中白蛋白是早期宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素[6],一些炎癥標(biāo)志物包括血小板淋巴細(xì)胞比(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR),中性淋巴細(xì)胞比(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和預(yù)后營養(yǎng)因子(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)在許多惡性腫瘤中已經(jīng)被證明是較好的預(yù)后因子[7-10]。血液當(dāng)中能夠反映炎癥情況最直接的指標(biāo)是C反應(yīng)蛋白,C反應(yīng)蛋白與白蛋白之比(the CRP/albumin ratio,CAR)近年來被證實(shí)是肝癌、肺癌、結(jié)腸癌、食管癌和胰腺癌等[11-15]多種惡性腫瘤的獨(dú)立預(yù)后指標(biāo)。目前關(guān)于CAR的預(yù)測價值與宮頸癌關(guān)系的研究很少,本研究旨在探討C反應(yīng)蛋白與CAR與宮頸癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料? 收集2009年1月~2013年4月安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院收治的407位行宮頸癌根治術(shù)的ⅠB~ⅡA期宮頸癌患者的臨床資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①均經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí)為宮頸癌;②均行根治術(shù)子宮切除加盆腔淋巴結(jié)清掃;③血液標(biāo)本于手術(shù)前1周內(nèi)獲得。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前已行新輔助放化療者;②有同時或異時的多原發(fā)性腫瘤者;③伴隨其他較嚴(yán)重的疾病可能影響外周血細(xì)胞的數(shù)值疾病者;④出現(xiàn)惡病質(zhì)、大出血等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥者。
1.2方法
1.2.1資料收集? 收集患者的臨床資料,包括性別、年齡、輔助治療、腫瘤大小、腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、病理類型及血常規(guī)和生化結(jié)果。NLR、PLR、PNI及CAR比值計(jì)算方法:①NLR=中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞;②PLR=血小板/淋巴細(xì)胞;③PNI=血清白蛋白值(g/L)+5×外周血淋巴細(xì)胞總數(shù)(×109/L);④CAR=C反應(yīng)蛋白/白蛋白。
1.2.2確定CAR界值? 繪制AAR受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,采用約登指數(shù)確定界值,約登指數(shù)=靈敏度-(1-特異度)。根據(jù)CAR臨界值分為CAR高組及CAR低組。
1.2.3隨訪方式? 術(shù)后患者根據(jù)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況和術(shù)后病理確定放化療治療,終點(diǎn)事件定義為因?qū)m頸癌發(fā)生的死亡事件,總體生存期時間(OS)是從手術(shù)當(dāng)天到隨訪截止日期或者終點(diǎn)事件發(fā)生時,所有的宮頸癌患者術(shù)后前兩年內(nèi)每3個月隨訪一次,隨后每6個月隨訪一次,直到2018年4月或者死亡。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析? 應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以(n)和(%)表示,采用?字2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);采用ROC曲線分析CAR界值,采用Cox回歸模型進(jìn)行單因素和多因素分析,采用Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存曲線。以P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義
2結(jié)果
2.1 ROC曲線分析CAR界值? CAR截值為0.15,ROC曲線下的面積分別為0.709,見圖1;其中CAR隨訪時間、敏感度、特異度分別為5年,0.756,0.894。
2.2兩組臨床資料比較? 根據(jù)CAR界值分為CAR高組(≥0.15)61例及CAR低組(<0.15)346例。兩組年齡、腫瘤大小、病理類型比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組輔助治療、腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)是否轉(zhuǎn)移比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的Cox單因素和多因素分析? 單因素分析顯示,宮頸癌患者的預(yù)后與腫瘤分期、輔助治療、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、NLR、PLR、PNI、CAR相關(guān)(P<0.05);多因素分析顯示,腫瘤分期、輔助治療和CAR是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素(P<0.05),見表2。
2.4兩組預(yù)后比較? 隨訪至2018年4月,CAR高組發(fā)生56例(91.80%)終點(diǎn)事件,CAR低組發(fā)生25例(7.23%)終點(diǎn)事件;Kaplan-Meier生存曲線顯示,CAR高組生存率為0.41%,低于CAR低組的0.64%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(?字2=6.724,P=0.001),見圖2。
3討論
在惡性腫瘤微環(huán)境中,癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展與炎癥反應(yīng)密切相關(guān)。基因的改變可以引發(fā)炎癥,同時炎癥可以促進(jìn)癌癥的進(jìn)展,血清標(biāo)志物中的CRP、中性粒細(xì)胞,淋巴細(xì)胞、血小板、白蛋白及其衍生的很多炎癥和營養(yǎng)相關(guān)標(biāo)志物等在機(jī)體的免疫系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的作用,這些標(biāo)志物被稱為預(yù)測因子,對判斷腫瘤的進(jìn)展可能有重要的價值。其中CAR是通過C反應(yīng)蛋白和白蛋白計(jì)算得出,大量研究表明CAR對于判斷腫瘤進(jìn)展和患者預(yù)后有較大價值,但關(guān)于CAR與ⅠB~ⅡA期宮頸癌患者的預(yù)后報(bào)道較少。本研究主要探討CAR指標(biāo)對于判斷宮頸癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和患者預(yù)后的價值。
作為構(gòu)成CAR的兩個重要指標(biāo),其中CRP被報(bào)道是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素[16,17]。有研究表明,CAR升高與肝癌[18]、肺癌[19,20]、胰腺癌[21]、卵巢癌[22]等多種不同類型癌癥患者預(yù)后差相關(guān)。腫瘤產(chǎn)生的炎癥微環(huán)境可以產(chǎn)生白介素6(IL-6),而IL-6可以引起CRP的升高[18]。研究表明[17],CRP升高與癌癥患者的腫瘤壞死、組織損傷、炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān),CRP基因的多態(tài)性可以降低腫瘤患者的免疫防御功能。本研究根據(jù)CAR臨界值分為CAR高組及CAR低組,ROC曲線分析CAR截值為0.15,ROC曲線下的面積分別為0.709,CAR隨訪時間、敏感度、特異度分別為5年,0.756,0.894。兩組年齡、腫瘤大小、病理類型比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組輔助治療、腫瘤分期、淋巴結(jié)是否轉(zhuǎn)移比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Cox單因素分析顯示,宮頸癌患者的預(yù)后與腫瘤分期、輔助治療、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、NLR、PLR、PNI、CAR相關(guān)(P<0.05);Cox多因素分析顯示,腫瘤分期、輔助治療和CAR是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素(P<0.05),表明CAR與其它炎癥標(biāo)志物相比,其預(yù)測價值和敏感性更高。CRP和白蛋白是臨床上簡便易得的指標(biāo),本研究將CAR應(yīng)用擴(kuò)展到評價宮頸癌患者預(yù)后,結(jié)果表明CAR具有良好的預(yù)測價值。Kaplan-Meier生存曲線顯示,CAR高組生存率低于CAR低組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明CAR值較高的患者其預(yù)后較差,臨床應(yīng)針對CAR值較高的患者提前進(jìn)行營養(yǎng)和免疫炎癥等方面的治療,以提高患者的生存質(zhì)量和預(yù)后。
綜上所述,CAR能反映宮頸癌的疾病狀態(tài)和炎性反應(yīng),是影響宮頸癌患者預(yù)后的獨(dú)立因素,具有較好的預(yù)測價值。
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收稿日期:2020-01-18;修回日期:2020-02-17
編輯/杜帆