慶祝瀾湄合作機(jī)制四周年暨2020年“瀾湄周”瀾湄國(guó)家開放包容、合作共贏、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展結(jié)碩果

楊艷

瀾湄合作歷程

History of Lancang-Mekong Cooperation

2012年，泰國(guó)提出瀾滄江-湄公河次區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展倡議，中方給予積極回應(yīng)。

2014年11月，第17次中國(guó)-東盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議上，建立“瀾滄江-湄公河對(duì)話合作機(jī)制”被首次提出，受到湄公河五國(guó)熱烈響應(yīng)。

2016年3月23日，瀾湄合作首次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議在海南三亞成功舉行，會(huì)議以“共飲一江水，命運(yùn)緊相連”為主題，發(fā)表了《瀾滄江-湄公河合作首次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議三亞宣言—打造面向和平與繁榮的瀾湄國(guó)家命運(yùn)共同體》，宣告瀾湄合作機(jī)制正式啟動(dòng)。

2018年1月10日，瀾湄合作第二次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議在柬埔寨金邊舉行，六國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一致同意將每年3月23日首次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議召開的那一周確定為“瀾湄周”。

2020年1月16日，瀾湄合作第十次外交聯(lián)合工作組會(huì)在重慶舉行，柬埔寨、緬甸、泰國(guó)、越南工作組長(zhǎng)參加。會(huì)議回顧了2018年12月第四次外長(zhǎng)會(huì)以來瀾湄合作進(jìn)展，討論了未來合作方向。

2020年2月20日，瀾湄合作第五次外長(zhǎng)會(huì)在老撾萬象舉行。會(huì)議通過了《瀾湄合作第五次外長(zhǎng)會(huì)聯(lián)合新聞公報(bào)》。六國(guó)外長(zhǎng)明確表示，鼓勵(lì)“陸海新通道”建設(shè)與瀾湄流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶對(duì)接，連接中國(guó)中西部大市場(chǎng)與充滿生機(jī)的東盟市場(chǎng)，增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)韌性，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)融合，確保供應(yīng)鏈效率，推動(dòng)瀾湄地區(qū)高質(zhì)量和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

2020年3月23日，第三個(gè)“瀾湄周”如期而至。轉(zhuǎn)眼間，瀾湄合作已經(jīng)走過四個(gè)春華秋實(shí)。這個(gè)因水而生、因水而興的合作機(jī)制在瀾湄各國(guó)辛勤灌溉下，不斷茁壯成長(zhǎng)、開花結(jié)果，從快速拓展期進(jìn)入了全面發(fā)展期。

瀾滄江-湄公河合作Lancang-Mekong Cooperation（簡(jiǎn)稱：瀾湄合作LMC）是中國(guó)與湄公河五國(guó)—緬甸、老撾、泰國(guó)、柬埔寨、越南，共同發(fā)起和建設(shè)的新型次區(qū)域合作平臺(tái)，旨在深化六國(guó)睦鄰友好合作，促進(jìn)次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，縮小地區(qū)國(guó)家發(fā)展差距，助力東盟一體化建設(shè)和地區(qū)一體化進(jìn)程，為推進(jìn)南南合作、落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程作出新貢獻(xiàn)。

瀾湄流域是亞洲乃至全世界最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ牡貐^(qū)之一。瀾滄江和湄公河一水二名，是一條重要跨國(guó)河流。該河上游發(fā)源于中國(guó)青藏高原，源頭在中國(guó)青海玉樹境內(nèi)，在我國(guó)境內(nèi)稱為瀾滄江，經(jīng)云南出境后被下游國(guó)家稱作湄公河，依次流經(jīng)緬甸、老撾、泰國(guó)、柬埔寨、越南，全長(zhǎng)4880公里，流域面積79.5萬平方公里，瀾湄六國(guó)山水相連，人文相通，傳統(tǒng)睦鄰友好深厚，安全與發(fā)展利益緊密攸關(guān)。

瀾湄六國(guó)共同為瀾湄合作機(jī)制創(chuàng)建的“3+5合作框架”，通過合作概念文件，確定政治安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展、社會(huì)人文三大支柱，以及互聯(lián)互通、產(chǎn)能、跨境經(jīng)濟(jì)、水資源、農(nóng)業(yè)和減貧五個(gè)優(yōu)先合作方向，實(shí)施了許多惠及民生的項(xiàng)目，為全面長(zhǎng)期合作奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

4年來，瀾湄合作已發(fā)展成為湄公河次區(qū)域最具活力和潛力的合作機(jī)制之一，形成了“開放包容、合作共贏、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展”的瀾湄理念，打造了“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人引領(lǐng)、全方位覆蓋、各部門參與”的瀾湄格局，培育了“發(fā)展為先、務(wù)實(shí)高效、項(xiàng)目為本”的瀾湄模式，弘揚(yáng)了“平等相待、真誠(chéng)互助、親如一家”的瀾湄文化。

On March 23， 2020， the third Lancang-Mekong Week was launched. In what seemed to be just a blink of an eye， Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has already been initiated for four years. Thanks to the efforts made by Lancang-Mekong countries， the cooperation mechanism， which was initiated because of the river and then thrives on river， continues to thrive and bear fruits. It has now entered a stage of all-round development from the stage of rapid growth.

Lancang-Mekong Cooperation （LMC） is a new sub-regional cooperation platform jointly initiated and developed by China and five countries along Mekong River including Myanmar， Laos， Thailand， Cambodia and Vietnam. LMC aims at deepening the good-neighborly and friendly cooperation among the six countries， bolstering the economic and social development of the sub-regional countries， narrowing the development gap among regional countries and supporting ASEAN community building as well as advancing South-South cooperation and promoting the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .

The Lancang-Mekong area is one of the regions with the greatest development potential in Asia and beyond. Lancang and Mekong differ in names， but they refer to the same river—an important river running across countries. Originating from Chinas Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， the river has its source in Yushu of Qinghai Province. It is called Lancang River in China， while in its downstream after flowing out of Yunnan Province， it is called the Mekong River， running across Myanmar， Laos， Thailand， Cambodia， and Vietnam， measuring 4，880 kilometers in length and covering an area of 795，000 square kilometers. Linked by mountains and rivers， the six LMC countries feature cultural similarities， enjoy profound traditional good neighborliness and friendship， and share closely inter-connected security and development interests.

LMC has established a "3+5 cooperation framework" and adopted the concept paper for cooperation. LMC has identified the three cooperation pillars of political and security issues， economic and sustainable development， and social， cultural and people-to-people exchanges as well as the five key priority areas， namely， connectivity， production capacity， cross-border economic cooperation， water resources， agriculture and poverty reduction， and implemented many projects beneficial to the people， which have laid a solid foundation for all-round and long-term cooperation among LMC countries.

Over the past four years， the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has developed into one of the most dynamic and promising cooperation mechanisms in the Mekong sub-region. It is featured by the concept of openness and inclusiveness， win-win cooperation and coordinated development， by the pattern of the leaders' guidance， all-round cooperation and broad participation， by the mode of high efficiency and focus on concrete projects， and by the culture of equality， sincerity， mutual assistance， and affinity.