蔡樹梅 王亞敏 陳輝
[摘要] 目的 探討胎膜早破患者絨毛膜羊膜炎的發(fā)生情況及NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)與炎癥因子、蛋白酶的相關(guān)性。 方法 選擇2017年3月~2019年2月河北省邯鄲市婦幼保健院收治的胎膜早破孕婦138例,回顧性分析胎膜早破孕婦絨毛膜羊膜炎發(fā)生情況將患者分為感染組49例、非感染組89例。比較兩組患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體的表達(dá)量,以及血清、羊水標(biāo)本中炎癥因子[白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、IL-18、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)]、蛋白酶[中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶(NE)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、MMP-9]水平的差異。采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)評估胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)量與病情相關(guān)指標(biāo)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 結(jié)果 感染組患者分娩后絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體的表達(dá)量高于非感染組(P < 0.05)。感染組患者血清及羊水標(biāo)本中,IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、TNF-α的水平高于非感染組;NE、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平高于非感染組(P < 0.05)。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)量與IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、TNF-α、NE、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平呈正相關(guān)(rNLRP3 = 0.674、0.718、0.698、0.829、0.759、0.726、0.882;rASC = 0.704、0.783、0.627、0.599、0.771、0.804、0.837;rcaspase-1 = 0.667、0.572、0.782、0.705、0.812、0.632、0.576,均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 高表達(dá)的NLRP3炎癥小體可能是胎膜早破孕婦合并絨毛膜羊膜炎的重要機(jī)制之一。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胎膜早破;絨毛膜羊膜炎;NLRP3炎癥小體;炎癥因子;蛋白酶
[中圖分類號] R714.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)02(c)-0107-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the incidence of chorionic amnitis in patients with premature rupture of fetal membranes and the correlation between NLRP3 expression and Inflammatory cytokines, proteases. Methods From March 2017 to February 2019, 138 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membrane admitted to Handan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Hebei Province were selected. The occurrence of chorionic amnitis in pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membrane was retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into infection group (49 cases) and non-infection group (89 cases). Placenta tissue expression of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle, inflammatory cytokines[interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], protease[neutrophil elastase(NE), matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and matrix MMP-9] levels in serum and amniotic fluid specimens between two groups were compared. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between expression of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle and disease-related indicators in patients with premature rupture of membranes and chorionic amnitis. Results Expression level of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle in infected group was higher than that in non-infected group (P < 0.05). Levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and TNF-α in serum and amniotic fluid were higher than those in non-infected group; levels of NE, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were higher than those of non-infected group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in placental tissues of premature rupture of membranes patients combined with chorionic amnitis was positively correlated with the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-α, NE, MMP-2 and MMP-9(rNLRP3=0.674, 0.718, 0.698, 0.829, 0.759, 0.726, 0.882;rASC = 0.704, 0.783, 0.627, 0.599, 0.771, 0.804, 0.837;rcaspase-1=0.667, 0.572, 0.782, 0.705, 0.812, 0.632, 0.576, all P < 0.05). Conclusion High expression of NLRP3 inflammasome may be one of the important mechanisms of premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women with chorionic amnitis.
[Key words] Premature rupture of fetal membranes; Chorioamnionitis; NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle; Inflammatory cytokines; Protease
絨毛膜羊膜炎是病原體感染胎盤的絨毛膜羊膜而導(dǎo)致的炎癥性疾病,是臨床胎膜早破、早產(chǎn)及母兒圍生期感染的重要病因[1-2]。孕婦合并絨毛膜羊膜炎時(shí),新生兒敗血癥、呼吸窘迫、癲癇等發(fā)病率大幅提升,顯著增加胎兒及新生兒的死亡率,故早期發(fā)現(xiàn)絨毛膜羊膜炎并明確其嚴(yán)重程度在降低新生兒患病率、提升新生兒存活率方面具有重要意義[3-4]。目前臨床中仍缺乏絨毛膜羊膜炎快速準(zhǔn)確診斷的可靠手段,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NLRP3炎癥小體在復(fù)發(fā)性流產(chǎn)[5]、子癇前期[6]等患者胎盤組織中的表達(dá)量明顯增加,推測其在絨毛膜羊膜炎的發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能也扮演重要角色。本研究中檢測胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎產(chǎn)婦絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體的表達(dá)情況,并進(jìn)一步分析其表達(dá)量與炎癥因子、蛋白酶水平的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,旨在明確NLRP3炎癥小體在胎膜早破患者絨毛膜羊膜炎發(fā)生中扮演的角色。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2017年3月~2019年2月河北省邯鄲市婦幼保健院收治的胎膜早破孕婦138例作為研究對象,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①單胎活產(chǎn);②胎膜早破發(fā)生孕齡≥32周;③孕婦年齡20~45周歲;④本人簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并梅毒、艾滋病等性傳播疾病;②孕期手術(shù)史?;仡櫺苑治鎏ツぴ缙圃袐D絨毛膜羊膜炎發(fā)生情況并分為感染組49例和非感染組89例。本研究獲醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)。兩組患者的基礎(chǔ)資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
1.2方法
1.2.1 胎盤組織中NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)量? 兩組患者分娩過程中留取胎盤中的絨毛膜羊膜組織,采用熒光定量PCR法檢測其中NLRP3炎癥小體(NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1)mRNA的表達(dá)量。上述過程中涉及的儀器包括:Realtime PCR儀(美國伯樂公司,型號CFX96)、風(fēng)光光度計(jì)(上海光譜儀器有限公司,型號V-1100P)、離心機(jī)(德國SIGMA公司,型號3-18KS)等。
1.2.2 炎癥因子、蛋白酶水平檢測? 入組即刻留取兩組患者的外周靜脈血及羊水標(biāo)本,分離上層澄清液后采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測其中炎癥因子[白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、IL-18、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)]和蛋白酶[中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶(NE)、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、MMP-9]的水平,酶聯(lián)免疫試劑盒購自武漢賽默飛世爾科技公司。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體mRNA表達(dá)量的比較
感染組患者分娩后胎盤組織中NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1 mRNA的表達(dá)量高于非感染組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.2 炎癥因子水平檢測
感染組患者血清及羊水標(biāo)本中,IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、TNF-α的水平均高于非感染組患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.3 兩組患者血清及羊水標(biāo)本中蛋白酶水平的比較
感染組患者血清及羊水標(biāo)本中,NE、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平均高于非感染組患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表4。
2.4 相關(guān)性分析
Pearson相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1 mRNA表達(dá)量與血清及羊水標(biāo)本中炎癥因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、TNF-α,蛋白酶NE、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平均呈正相關(guān)(rNLRP3 = 0.674、0.718、0.698、0.829、0.759、0.726、0.882;rASC=0.704、0.783、0.627、0.599、0.771、0.804、0.837;rcaspase-1=0.667、0.572、0.782、0.705、0.812、0.632、0.576,均P < 0.05)。
3 討論
絨毛膜羊膜炎是胎膜早破的主要原因,其發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全明確。NLRP3炎癥小體是一種典型的炎癥復(fù)合體,由NLRP3及下游因子ASC、caspase-1共同組成,表達(dá)于中性粒細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞中,可與多種宿主發(fā)生免疫及炎性反應(yīng)[7-9]。本研究中胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者的絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1 mRNA表達(dá)量均較高,提示異常高表達(dá)的NLRP3炎癥小體參與絨毛膜羊膜炎的發(fā)生。關(guān)于NLRP3炎癥小體異常表達(dá)對絨毛膜羊膜炎的具體影響,以下從炎癥因子、蛋白酶兩方面展開研究。
絨毛膜羊膜炎作為炎癥性疾病,存在多種炎癥因子的異常高表達(dá),是導(dǎo)致母嬰組織臟器功能損傷甚至死亡的最直接因素。IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、TNF-α均是臨床研究最多的炎癥因子,由聚集的單核巨噬細(xì)胞分泌,隨胎膜破裂時(shí)間延長、上述促炎因子的水平持續(xù)增高[10-12]。本研究中胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者血清及羊水標(biāo)本中上述炎癥因子水平較高,且相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn)此類患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)量與各個(gè)炎癥因子水平呈正相關(guān),推測NLRP3炎癥小體被激活后可刺激炎癥因子大量分泌并擴(kuò)大患者的宮腔局部及全身炎性反應(yīng)。
有研究[13-14]指出,羊水中NE水平是診斷絨毛膜羊膜炎的敏感指標(biāo)之一,且與該病嚴(yán)重程度間存在良好的相關(guān)性。MMPs具有裂解膠原及彈性蛋白的作用,MMP-2、MMP-9是其主要亞型,感染狀態(tài)下局部白細(xì)胞浸潤可增加其分泌[15-16]。胎膜的彈性依賴于細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的膠原,而MMP-2、MMP-9可通過改變細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)微環(huán)境而調(diào)節(jié)妊娠進(jìn)展的張力、容量等[17-18]。研究[19-20]發(fā)現(xiàn)在胎膜早破患者的胎膜組織中存在MMPs的異常高表達(dá),在胎膜結(jié)構(gòu)弱化中扮演重要角色。本研究中胎膜早破患者,合并絨毛膜羊膜炎的患者母體血清及羊水標(biāo)本中NE、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平進(jìn)一步增加,提示高表達(dá)的NE、MMP-2、MMP-9是胎膜早破孕婦合并存在絨毛膜羊膜炎的重要標(biāo)志。相關(guān)性分析進(jìn)一步指出,胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體表達(dá)量與NE、MMP-2、MMP-9表達(dá)量呈正相關(guān),推測NLRP3炎癥小體激活后通過刺激上述蛋白酶表達(dá)從而進(jìn)一步弱化胎膜結(jié)構(gòu)、增加胎膜早破風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
綜上所述,胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎患者絨毛膜羊膜組織中NLRP3炎癥小體異常高表達(dá)可能通過促進(jìn)炎癥因子、蛋白酶表達(dá)而參與疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]? Devillard E,Delabaere A,Rouzaire M,et al. Induction of labour in case of premature rupture of membranes at term with an unfavourable cervix:protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing double balloon catheter (+oxytocin) and vaginal prostaglandin (RUBAPRO) treatments [J]. BMJ Open,2019,9(6):e026090.
[2]? Imachi Y,Hidaka N,Kai S,et al. Prolongation of Second Twin′s Delivery Until Term:A Rare Case of Delayed-Interval Delivery [J]. Clin Med Res,2019,17(1/2):37-40.
[3]? Oh KJ,Romero R,Park JY,et al. The earlier the gestational age,the greater the intensity of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and amniotic fluid infection by Ureaplasma species [J]. J Perinat Med,2019,47(5):516-527.
[4]? Silwedel C,F(xiàn)ehrholz M,Speer CP,et al. Differential modulation of pulmonary caspases:Is this the key to Ureaplasma-driven chronic inflammation? [J]. PLoS One,2019, 14(5):e0216569.
[5]? 高鵬,莫春艷,龔洵,等.復(fù)發(fā)性流產(chǎn)患者絨毛和蛻膜中NLRP3炎癥小體的差異性表達(dá)研究[J].現(xiàn)代婦產(chǎn)科進(jìn)展,2018,27(10):762-765.
[6]? 楊勇,張華.TXNIP激活NLRP3炎性小體在子癇前期發(fā)病中的作用[J].重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2016,41(7):658-661.
[7]? Chaves MM,Sinflorio DA,Thorstenberg ML,et al. Non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β signaling are necessary to L. amazonensis control mediated by P2X7 receptor and leukotriene B4 [J]. PLoS Pathog,2019,15(6):e1007887.
[8]? Martínez-García JJ,Martínez-Banaclocha H,Angosto-Bazarra D,et al. P2X7 receptor induces mitochondrial failure in monocytes and compromises NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis [J]. Nat Commun,2019,10(1):2711.
[9]? Dumont A,de Rosny C,Kieu TL,et al. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits both NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and JNK-mediated mature IL-1β secretion in 5-fluorouracil-treated MDSC:implication in cancer treatment [J]. Cell Death Dis,2019,10(7):485.
[10]? Plazyo O,Romero R,Unkel R,et al. HMGB1 Induces an Inflammatory Response in the Chorioamniotic Membranes That Is Partially Mediated by the Inflammasome [J]. Biol Reprod,2016,95(6):130.
[11]? 熊煒,趙倩.胎膜早破及絨毛膜羊膜炎孕母孕期不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的血清IL-6及IL-18的表達(dá)水平及意義[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2018,39(6):900-903.
[12]? 周靜,陳萍,鄭雅萍,等.感染性早產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦血清MCP-1與sTNFR-Ⅰ和HMGB1及TNF-α的表達(dá)[J].中華醫(yī)院感染學(xué)雜志,2019,29(3):436-439.
[13]? 陳丹丹,盧丹.蛋白酶/抗蛋白酶系統(tǒng)與胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎的關(guān)系[J].中國實(shí)用醫(yī)刊,2017,44(2):122-124.
[14]? 翁廷松,何美玲,劉非,等.未足月胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎孕婦血清中NE,Ox-AT及IL-8水平變化及臨床意義[J].現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展,2017,17(1):133-136.
[15]? Yuasa M,Saito M,Molina C,et al. Unexpected timely fracture union in matrix metalloproteinase 9 deficient mice [J]. PLoS One,2018,13(5):e0198088.
[16]? Muhammad S,Planz O,Schwaninger M. Increased Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels Contribute to Intracerebral Hemorrhage during Thrombolysis after Concomitant Stroke and Influenza Infection [J]. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra,2016,6(2):50-59.
[17]? Oh KJ,Romero R,Park JY,et al. The earlier the gestational age,the greater the intensity of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and amniotic fluid infection by Ureaplasma species [J]. J Perinat Med,2019,47(5):516-527.
[18]? Oh KJ,Romero R,Park JY,et al. A high concentration of fetal fibronectin in cervical secretions increases the risk of intra-amniotic infection and inflammation in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes [J]. J Perinat Med,2019,47(3):288-303.
[19]? Holmstr?觟m E,Myntti T,Sorsa T,et al. Cervical and Amniotic Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and Interleukin-6 Concentrations in Preterm Pregnancies with or without Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes [J]. Fetal Diagn Ther,2019,46(2):103-110.
[20]? Zuo G,Dong JX,Zhao FF,et al. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its substrate level in patients with premature rupture of membranes [J]. J Obstet Gynaecol,2017,37(4):441-445.
(收稿日期:2019-09-23? 本文編輯:封? ?華)