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      原發(fā)性干燥綜合征患者高遷移率族蛋白B1與輔助性T細(xì)胞17/調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞平衡的關(guān)系

      2020-04-03 13:33:26李雪程婷任效瑛

      李雪 程婷 任效瑛

      [摘要] 目的 探討原發(fā)性干燥綜合征(pSS)患者外周血中高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平與輔助性T細(xì)胞17(Th17)/調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)平衡的關(guān)系。 方法 選取2018年5月~2019年5月山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院風(fēng)濕免疫科初診pSS患者40例為pSS組,同期健康體檢者20名為對(duì)照組。采集肘靜脈血,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)Th17、Treg細(xì)胞個(gè)數(shù),計(jì)算Th17/Treg比值;流式細(xì)胞儀微球捕獲芯片技術(shù)檢測(cè)血清白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法檢測(cè)HMGB1、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β(TGF-β)水平。將上述各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行組間比較,并分析HMGB1與上述細(xì)胞及相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于對(duì)照組,而Treg水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。pSS組IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對(duì)照組,而IL-10水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。相關(guān)性分析表明HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),與Treg、IL-10水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),與TGF-β水平無明顯相關(guān)性(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 pSS患者外周血HMGB1異常高表達(dá),且與健康人相比存在明顯的T細(xì)胞免疫異常,提示HMGB1可能通過調(diào)節(jié)Th17/Treg平衡參與pSS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 原發(fā)性干燥綜合征;高遷移率族蛋白B1;輔助性T細(xì)胞17;調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R593? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)02(a)-0167-04

      [Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the balance of helper T cell 17 (Th17) /regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Forty patients with pSS in Rheumatology Department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected as pSS group, and 20 healthy subjects were control group. Elbow venous blood was collected. The number of Th17 and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry, and Th17/Treg ratio was calculated. Cytometric bead array was used to detect serum interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent was used to detect the levels of HMGB1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Each of the above indicators was compared between two groups, and the correlation between HMGB1 and the expression of various cells and cytokines was analyzed. Results The levels of HMGB1, Th17 and Th17/Treg in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while Treg was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while IL-10 was lower than that in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that HMGB1 was positively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg, IL-17 and IL-6 levels (r = 0.738, 0.502, 0.762, 0.578, all P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the levels of HMGB1 and Treg, IL-10 (r = -0.657, -0.686, all P < 0.05), no significant correlation with TGF-β (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 in peripheral blood of patients with pSS is abnormally high, and there is obvious T cell immune abnormality compared with healthy people, suggesting that HMGB1 may participate in the development of pSS by regulating Th17/Treg balance.

      [Key words] Primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome; High mobility group protein B1; Helper T cell 17; Regulatory T cells

      原發(fā)性干燥綜合征(pSS)是一種慢性炎癥性自身免疫疾病,可造成多種器官和系統(tǒng)的損害。我國(guó)患病率為0.29%~0.77%。病理上主要表現(xiàn)為受累組織炎癥細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)和次級(jí)生發(fā)中心形成,這些炎癥細(xì)胞主要包括T、B淋巴細(xì)胞,樹突狀細(xì)胞及巨噬細(xì)胞等。且越來越多的研究表明,CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群中輔助性T細(xì)胞(Th17)、調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Treg)的水平異常及比例失衡參與了pSS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,且Th17/Treg平衡偏向Th17,發(fā)揮促炎作用,加重病情發(fā)展[1]。新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的細(xì)胞因子高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)是一種具有雙重作用的預(yù)警素[2],可參與機(jī)體中一系列炎性反應(yīng)的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。研究報(bào)道[3],pSS患者血清中HMGB1水平明顯增高,激活免疫炎性反應(yīng),參與其發(fā)生、發(fā)展。目前pSS發(fā)病機(jī)制仍不完全清晰,其中細(xì)胞免疫學(xué)機(jī)制是研究的熱點(diǎn)[4]。因此,本研究中通過對(duì)pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg及相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子的檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,探討HMGB1與Th17/Treg平衡的關(guān)系,為pSS機(jī)制研究提供參考,且對(duì)其治療提供新思想和手段。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      選取2018年5月~2019年5月山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)風(fēng)濕免疫科門診及住院初診的pSS患者40例作為pSS組,年齡31~79歲,平均(57.30±10.60)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合2002年修訂的干燥綜合征國(guó)際診斷(分類)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],同意本課題研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):pSS以外的其他自身免疫疾病或試驗(yàn)前接受激素或免疫抑制劑治療。此外,選擇同期我院體檢中心檢查的健康體檢者20名作為對(duì)照組,年齡23~49歲,平均(36.80±7.82)歲。兩組年齡比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn):未患自身免疫疾病、腫瘤、血液系統(tǒng)疾病等。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并取得受試對(duì)象的知情同意。

      1.2 檢測(cè)方法

      抽取受試對(duì)象肘靜脈血4 mL,離心取血清置于 -20℃冰箱保存(離心半徑210 mm,3000 r/min離心5 min)。采用FACSCalibur流式細(xì)胞儀(Becton Dickinson公司,美國(guó))檢測(cè)Th17、Treg細(xì)胞個(gè)數(shù),并計(jì)算Th17/Treg比值;流式細(xì)胞儀微球捕獲芯片技術(shù)(CBA)檢測(cè)血清白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平,細(xì)胞因子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、CBA分析試劑盒及三色微球均購自美國(guó)BD公司,通過Cell Quest軟件獲取樣本數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用BD CBA軟件分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果;采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法檢測(cè)HMGB1、轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β(TGF-β)水平,相關(guān)檢測(cè)試劑盒均購自上海信帆生物科技有限公司,具體操作按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。將上述各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行組間比較,并分析HMGB1與上述細(xì)胞及相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子的相關(guān)性。CBA試劑盒:20190501;HMGB1:20190505361;TGF-β:20190506339。

      1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

      采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 兩組HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg水平比較

      pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于對(duì)照組,Treg水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。

      2.2 兩組IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平比較

      pSS組IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對(duì)照組,IL-10水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。

      2.3 HMGB1與各指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果

      HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg及其相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),HMGB1與Treg、IL-10水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),HMGB1與TGF-β水平無明顯相關(guān)性(P > 0.05)。

      3 討論

      pSS是一種T細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)、B細(xì)胞功能亢進(jìn)所致的自身免疫疾病。目前pSS發(fā)病機(jī)制不是完全清晰,近年來CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群中Th17與CD4+CD25(hi)FoxP3+T細(xì)胞(Treg)備受人們關(guān)注[6-9]。Th17細(xì)胞在抗原刺激后能特異性分泌細(xì)胞因子IL-17,其可在TGF-β、IL-6同時(shí)存在時(shí),由幼稚T細(xì)胞通過表達(dá)維甲酸相關(guān)孤獨(dú)核受體-γt(ROR-γt)特異性轉(zhuǎn)錄因子分化而來[10]。Treg細(xì)胞通過分泌抑制性細(xì)胞因子IL-10、TGF-β抑制表達(dá)IL-17,發(fā)揮負(fù)向免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。既往報(bào)道顯示免疫組化法測(cè)pSS鼠模型及患者病理組織IL-17及IL-23表達(dá)均上調(diào),且鼠模型中表達(dá)上調(diào)與ROR-γt基因表達(dá)增高有相關(guān)性[11],另外pSS患者唇腺中缺乏Treg細(xì)胞[12],外周血Treg細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯低于對(duì)照組[13]。HMGB1是HMG蛋白中唯一可釋放至胞外發(fā)揮細(xì)胞因子活性、參與炎性反應(yīng)的分子[14]。當(dāng)機(jī)體遭受感染等時(shí)HMGB1與受體結(jié)合激活一系列通路,誘導(dǎo)趨化因子和炎性細(xì)胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等發(fā)揮促炎作用。因此探討HMGB1與Th17/Treg平衡的關(guān)系,可以更好地了解pSS發(fā)病機(jī)制,為后續(xù)治療提供新思路。

      本研究比較了pSS組與對(duì)照組HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對(duì)照組,Treg、IL-10低于對(duì)照組。提示pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg及其相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子與對(duì)照組相比發(fā)生了顯著變化。IL-17作為Th17細(xì)胞分泌的代表性因子,對(duì)T細(xì)胞活化起協(xié)同刺激作用[15]。在pSS患者體內(nèi)Th17及相關(guān)促炎因子的過度表達(dá),Treg細(xì)胞及相關(guān)抑制性細(xì)胞因子IL-10低表達(dá),均提示pSS患者體內(nèi)發(fā)生了Th17/Treg失衡,平衡偏向Th17細(xì)胞。本研究中患者體內(nèi)TGF-β水平高于健康人,與之前報(bào)道相同[16-17]。TGF-β是一種雙向性的細(xì)胞因子,有促炎作用,又具有抑炎活性[18]。TCR刺激原始CD4+T細(xì)胞時(shí),TGF-β可單獨(dú)誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)FoxP3和ROR-γt。當(dāng)有前炎性細(xì)胞因子如IL-6或IL-21,TGF-β誘導(dǎo)FoxP3表達(dá)減弱而ROR-γt上調(diào),抑制Treg細(xì)胞分化并促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分化。在缺乏炎癥時(shí),F(xiàn)oxP3表達(dá)上調(diào)抑制了ROR-γt活性,導(dǎo)致IL-17消除,促進(jìn)Treg細(xì)胞分化,維持免疫耐受[19]。本研究中HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg及IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關(guān),與Treg、IL-10水平呈負(fù)相關(guān),與TGF-β無明顯相關(guān)性。進(jìn)一步提示HMGB1參與pSS患者Th17/Treg平衡的調(diào)節(jié)。HMGB1能夠刺激誘導(dǎo)樹突狀細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞分泌促炎因子,使Th17細(xì)胞及相關(guān)因子水平隨著HMGB1的增加而增加,這些細(xì)胞因子可通過STAT3信號(hào)通路削弱FoxP3對(duì)ROR-γt的抑制作用并下調(diào)FoxP3的表達(dá),與TGF-β協(xié)同促使初始T細(xì)胞向Th17細(xì)胞分化并誘導(dǎo)Treg向分泌IL-17的表型轉(zhuǎn)化從而調(diào)節(jié)Th17/Treg平衡[20],使Treg細(xì)胞及相關(guān)因子水平隨著HMGB1的增加而減少,而血清TGF-β水平升高。HMGB1使Th17/Treg平衡被打破,從而直接參與機(jī)體的免疫炎性反應(yīng)。

      pSS患者外周血HMGB1異常高表達(dá),Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平升高,Treg、IL-10水平降低以及HMGB1與各指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析,均提示HMGB1可能通過調(diào)節(jié)Th17/Treg平衡參與pSS的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。本研究不足之處在于樣本量較少,具體機(jī)制尚有待多中心、大樣本量的臨床研究進(jìn)行明確。

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      (收稿日期:2019-07-11? 本文編輯:李亞聰)

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