姚歡歡 陳吉 陳思思 周迪夷
[摘要] 目的 基于AMPK/GLUT4/GSK3β/PPARα信號(hào)通路探討地骨皮對(duì)2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠胰島素抵抗(IR)的影響。 方法 60只6周齡Wistar大鼠按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組(n = 10)和高脂實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n = 50),采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將高脂實(shí)驗(yàn)組中造模成功且符合模型要求的40只大鼠分為模型組,陽性對(duì)照組[羅格列酮2 mg/(kg·d)],地骨皮低劑量組[5 mg/(kg·d)]、高劑量組[10 mg/(kg·d)],每組10只。連續(xù)給藥6周后,比較各組大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)水平,并觀察肝臟形態(tài)。BCA法測定肝臟中蛋白質(zhì)質(zhì)量濃度。結(jié)果 模型組大鼠FBG高于對(duì)照組,地骨皮低、高劑量組FBG含量均顯著低于模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。模型組TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于對(duì)照組,HDL-C水平低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);干預(yù)6周后,地骨皮低、高劑量組TC、TG、LDL-C水平低于模型組,HDL-C水平高于模型組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。模型組ALT、AST水平高于對(duì)照組,干預(yù)6周后,地骨皮低、高劑量組ALT、AST水平低于模型組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。蘇木精-伊紅染色顯示:對(duì)照組肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)清晰;模型組肝細(xì)胞排列紊亂,脂質(zhì)空泡明顯可見;地骨皮高劑量組大鼠的肝脂肪空泡明顯減少,肝細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)病變和脂肪變性程度顯著改善。油紅O染色顯示:模型組大鼠的肝臟有明顯累積的脂質(zhì)液滴,地骨皮高劑量組脂質(zhì)累積減少。模型組大鼠肝臟中p-AMPK、PPARα和GLUT4的水平低于對(duì)照組,GSK3β水平高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);地骨皮高劑量組p-AMPK、PPARα和GLUT4蛋白水平上調(diào)顯著,GSK3β水平顯著下調(diào)(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 地骨皮可顯著降低T2DM大鼠的FBG,改善血脂異常和肝臟病理變化,其可能通過AMPK信號(hào)通路途徑上調(diào)GLUT4和PPARα蛋白表達(dá)水平,下調(diào)GSK3β蛋白表達(dá)來改善IR。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 地骨皮;2型糖尿病模型大鼠;胰島素抵抗;磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶
[中圖分類號(hào)] R285? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)02(b)-0008-05
Experimental study on the improvement of insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus with Cortex Lycii Radicis based on AMPK/GLUT4/GSK3β/ PPARα signaling pathway
YAO Huanhuan1? ?CHEN Ji1? ?CHEN Sisi1? ?ZHOU Diyi2
1.Department of Pharmacy, Huzhou Third People′s Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou? ?313002, China; 2.Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou? ?310003, China
[Abstract] Objective To study on the improvement of insulin resistance (IR) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was conducted based on AMPK/GLUT4/GSK3β/PPARα signaling pathway. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided into control group and high-fat experimental group (n = 50), and 40 rats which were successfully modeled and met the requirements of the model in the high-fat experimental group were divided into, model group, positive control group [Rosiglitazone 2 mg/(kg·d)], Cortex Lycii Radicis low dose group [5 mg/(kg·d)] and high dose group [10 mg/(kg·d)] by the random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. Each groups were given continuous administration for 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of rats in each group were compared and liver morphology was observed. Protein mass concentration in liver was determined by BCA method. Results FBG levels in model group were higher than those in control group, while FBG levels in Cortex Lycii Radicis low dose group and Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group were significantly lower than those in model group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in model group were higher than those in control group, while the levels of HDL-C were lower than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in Cortex Lycii Radicis low dose group and Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group were lower than those in model group, while the levels of HDL-C were higher than those in model group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). The levels of ALT and AST in model group were higher than those in control group. After 6 weeks of intervention, the levels of ALT and AST in Cortex Lycii Radicis low dose group and Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group were lower than those in model group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). HE staining showed clear hepatic lobule structure in the control group. In model group, the arrangement of hepatocytes was disordered and lipid vacuoles were obvious. The hepatic fat vacuoles of rats in Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group were significantly reduced and the structural changes of hepatocytes and steatosis were significantly improved. Oil red O staining showed liver was significant accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver of rats in model group and was decreased lipid deposition in Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group. The levels of p-AMPK, PPARα and GLUT4 of liver in model group were lower than those in control group, and the GSK3β levels were higher than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). The levels of p-AMPK, PPARα and GLUT4 of liver were significantly up-regulated and GSK3 levels were significantly down-regulated in Cortex Lycii Radicis high dose group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The FBG of T2DM rats can be significantly reduced by Cortex Lycii Radicis, improve dyslipidemia and liver pathological changes. It may up-regulate the expression of GLUT4 and PPARα protein and down-regulate the over-expression of GSK3β protein through AMPK signaling pathway to improve IR.
[Key words] Cortex Lycii Radicis; Type 2 diabetes mellitus model rats; Insulin resistance; AMP-activated protein kinase
我國為全球排名首位的糖尿病大國[1-2]。2型糖尿?。═2DM)的主要發(fā)病機(jī)制是胰島素抵抗(IR),改善IR是治療T2DM的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)。目前臨床上治療T2DM的藥物主要是口服降糖藥及胰島素制劑[3-5],但其并不能全面有效改善T2DM及其他并發(fā)癥[6]。因此,從天然藥物中尋找能夠改善IR的藥物,具有重要的臨床意義。
地骨皮為茄科落葉灌木枸杞(Ly cium Chinense Mill.)或?qū)幭蔫坭剑↙ycium Barbarum L.)的干燥根皮?,F(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究顯示[7-10],地骨皮具有降血糖、調(diào)血脂、改善IR的作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過建立T2DM大鼠模型研究地骨皮水提物對(duì)AMPK/GLUT4/GSK3β/PPARα蛋白表達(dá)的影響[11-12],地骨皮的肝臟毒性和安全性,探討地骨皮改善IR的可能機(jī)制。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
6周齡Wistar大鼠60只,雄性,SPF級(jí),體重(160±20)g。購自上海斯萊克動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)有限公司,實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)許可證號(hào)SCXK(滬)2017-0015,實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物合格證號(hào)11400700346241。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的飼養(yǎng)、造模、給藥、取材方案均取得浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)科研倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中心,SPF飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境:室溫22℃,相對(duì)濕度65%,晝夜交替時(shí)間12 h,自由攝食和飲水。
1.2 主要儀器與試劑
地骨皮(浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥飲片有限公司,批號(hào):180101);鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)(CALBIOCHEM公司,Cat#5762201、Lot#B56981);高脂飼料和普通飼料(江蘇協(xié)同生物科技有限責(zé)任公司);總膽固醇(TC)生化試劑盒(Lot#5115250)、三酰甘油(TG)生化試劑盒(Lot#5110359)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)測定試劑盒(Lot#11334601)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)測定試劑盒(Lot#1162018)、天門冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)測定試劑盒(Lot#1130191)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)測定試劑盒(Lot#1170052),均購自南京建成生物科技有限公司;p-AMPK抗體(Lot#2531)、AMPK抗體(Lot#5832)、GSK3β抗體(Lot#2531)、GAPDH抗體(Lot#75581),均購自Cell Signaling Technology公司;PPARα抗體(Abclonal公司,Lot#6951);GLUT4抗體(Santa Cruz 公司,Lot#0006);簡易血糖儀、血糖試紙(美國羅氏公司,型號(hào):卓越型);低溫高速離心機(jī)(美國Beckman公司,型號(hào):Beckman 64R);Multiskan Sky 全波長酶標(biāo)儀(美國Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);日立全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(HITA-CHI Automatic Analyzer,型號(hào):7020);光學(xué)顯微鏡(日本Olympus公司,型號(hào):BX53)。
1.3 地骨皮水提液的制備
地骨皮加水煎煮3次,加水量分別為生藥體積的10倍量、10倍量及8倍量,煎煮時(shí)間分別為1.5、1.5 h 及1 h,合并濾液,濃縮至每毫升含生藥3 g,4℃保存。
1.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組與處理
1.4.1 T2DM大鼠模型的建立? 60只大鼠按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分成對(duì)照組(n = 10)和高脂實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n = 50)。對(duì)照組飼以普通飼料,高脂實(shí)驗(yàn)組飼以高脂飼料。4周后高脂實(shí)驗(yàn)組大鼠尾靜脈注射STZ 30 mg/kg,誘導(dǎo)T2DM模型。注射STZ 72 h和2周后,分別測定空腹血糖(FBG)含量,2次FBG超過11.1 mmol/L視為造模成功[13]。
1.4.2 分組及給藥? 剔除不符合模型要求的10只大鼠,將造模成功的40只大鼠按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為4組,每組10只,分別為模型組、地骨皮低劑量組[5 mg/(kg·d)]、地骨皮高劑量組[10 mg/(kg·d)]、陽性對(duì)照組[羅格列酮2 mg/(kg·d)]。給藥組每日灌胃給藥1次,模型組灌服等體積生理鹽水,給藥6周。
實(shí)驗(yàn)第6周末,大鼠禁食8 h,麻醉后腹主動(dòng)脈采血,3500 r/min離心15 min,離心半徑22 cm,取血清,-20℃保存。取血完成后迅速分離肝臟,一部分凍結(jié)在液氮中,其余存儲(chǔ)于甲醛(山東科源制藥,批號(hào):20180401)中。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo)
1.5.1 FBG含量檢測? 實(shí)驗(yàn)第6周末,各組大鼠禁食8 h,尾靜脈采血檢測。
1.5.2 血清生化指標(biāo)檢測? 各組大鼠血清二次離心后取上清液,全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測ALT、AST、TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平。
1.5.3 肝功能指標(biāo)檢測? 各組大鼠血清二次離心后取上清液,全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢ALT、AST水平。
1.5.4 形態(tài)學(xué)觀察? 取各組大鼠肝臟,常規(guī)蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色和常規(guī)油紅O染色,觀察地骨皮水提物對(duì)T2DM大鼠肝臟病理改變和脂滴累積的影響。
1.5.5 蛋白表達(dá)水平檢測? BCA法測定肝臟中蛋白質(zhì)質(zhì)量濃度,Image J(1.51j8)軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)蛋白的半定量分析。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-02? 本文編輯:劉明玉)