• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Double-row repair of rotator cuff tears: Comparing tendon contact area between techniques

    2020-01-16 06:28:24ShaoHuiAllanNgChungHuiJamesTan
    World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年1期

    Shao Hui Allan Ng, Chung Hui James Tan

    Shao Hui Allan Ng, Chung Hui James Tan, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore

    Abstract

    Key words: Basic science study; Double-row; Different suture anchor configurations;Footprint contact area; Porcine model; Pressure sensitive film; Tendon healing

    INTRODUCTION

    Rotator cuff tendon tears are one of the commonest sources of pain in the shoulder.Studies have shown that the incidence can range from 5% to 40%[1-3]of the population.Patients with symptoms often present with chronic pain and limitation in range of motion of the shoulder. Such tears are usually detectedviaultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is often recommended if the tear causes persistent pain or if there is profound loss of joint function. There are several repair techniques that the surgeon may opt for, depending on the size of the tear and the degree of tendon retraction. One commonly performed technique is the double-row repair.

    Post-surgical healing of the repaired tendon is strongly correlated to the patient’s functional outcome[4]. Therefore, much research has involved identifying strategies to help enhance tendon healing and to maintain integrity of the repair during the postoperative period. If the tendon is completely or partially detached from the tuberosity,the surgeon will face the challenge of ensuring adequate healing between the rotator cuff tendon and the tuberosity of the humerus. One strategy to counter this would be to maximise the contact area between tendon and bone[4,5]. The underlying principle is that a greater area of contact of tendon-to-bone will result in a greater chance of tendon healing[4-8]. This, in turn, leads to improved mechanical strength and function of the repaired tendon[5-7,9].

    Differences between the double and single-row repair for rotator cuff tears have been widely discussed. In a review by Rothet al[10], the double-row repair was shown to have superior characteristics in terms of footprint contact area, tendon-to-bone compression and eventual load-to-failure rate. Similarly, tendon gap formation and re-tear rates are lower in double-row repairs compared to single-row repairs. It is interesting to note that no difference in clinical outcomes was observed between both groups; however, this could possibly be attributed to the relatively short follow up of 2 years[10-12]. The double-row repair still appears to be the favoured technique amongst surgeons.

    The double-row repair is traditionally performed using four suture anchors - two are placed in the most medial aspect of the exposed humeral tuberosity footprint,forming the medial row; the other two anchors are placed at the superior or lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity, depending on the extent of exposed tuberosity. Whilst many studies have looked into the biomechanical properties and outcomes of single and double-row repair, few have actually compared the different types of double-row repair techniques, particularly in the area of tendon-to-bone contact.

    A distinction should be made between coveragevscompression of the rotator cuff tendon to the footprint insertion. Coverage refers to the area of tendon-to-bone contact, while compression refers to the pressure of the tendon against the bone.While both coverage and compression are possible contributory factors in tendon healing, our study has a preliminary focus on coverage, with planned future studies focusing on compression to support our findings.

    Our study aims to investigate the relationship between different double-row suture anchor configurations and the tendon-to-bone contact area in the repair of medium-sized rotator cuff tendon tears in a porcine cadaver model. We hypothesis that employing different double-row suture anchor configurations in rotator cuff repairs will not influence tendon to bone contact area.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    Twenty-four fresh porcine shoulders (mean age, 24 wk; range, 22-25 wk) without gross evidence of rotator cuff pathology were used for this study. We chose to use the infraspinatus tendon in a porcine model for a few reasons. Fukuharaet al[13]concluded that the geometric and biomechanical properties of the porcine infraspinatus tendon were similar to those of the human supraspinatus tendon, mainly in terms of thickness, footprint area, ultimate load-to-failure and linear stiffness. The porcine infraspinatus tendon is also easily identified. In addition, the bone surface where the infraspinatus tendon inserts into is relatively flat, making it ideal for secure placement of the pressure-sensitive film. In our city, fresh porcine shoulders are also easily available.

    Soft tissue was carefully dissected from the scapula and the proximal humerus,preserving the infraspinatus muscle and tendon (Figure 1). To create a tear in the infraspinatus tendon, a 1.5 cm × 2.5 cm rectangular full thickness segment of the infraspinatus tendon was sharply detached from its distal footprint. This was repeated in all specimens to create identical tears. The underlying bone surface was then prepared using a fine rasp to ensure an even surface for placement of subsequent pressure sensitive films.

    We used identical pressure-sensitive films (Prescale Ultra Super Low Pressure type,Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) to determine the contact areas between the repaired infraspinatus tendons and the tuberosities. The pressure sensitivity range for this film was 0.2 to 0.6 MPa. Identical 10 mm × 10 mm pressure-sensitive films were cut to conform to the exposed bone on the tuberosities. Each film was fully sealed with adhesive tape prior to placement to prevent contamination.

    The 24 porcine shoulders were divided into three groups of eight specimens.Double-row repair was performed for all three groups. The technique for Group 1(G1) consisted of the standard two medial suture anchors - two lateral knotless anchors configuration, forming a suture bridge. The detached infraspinatus tendon was reflected off bone, and two symmetrically placed holes measuring 2 mm in diameter were created 1.5 cm apart from each other using a surgical awl at the medial edge of the reflected tendon. Similarly, two holes were placed over the lateral edge of bone where the tendon was detached, forming the lateral row. A 5.5 mm Bio-Corkscrew (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, United States) with two #2 fibrewire sutures(four strands) attached was then inserted at a 45° angle in both medial holes to a depth marked on the suture anchor device. The sutures were then passed through the edge of the tendon in a knotless fashion. The sealed pressure sensitive film was placed over the centre of the footprint and secured in place with adhesive glue (Figure 2).One pair of sutures from each medial row suture anchor was crossed with the corresponding pair in the other medial anchor and, together with the uncrossed pair of sutures, secured to one lateral row knotless anchor each (5.5 mm Bio-Swivelock,Arthrex, Inc.) (Figure 3). Upon completion of the repair, a 60-s interval was maintained before the sutures were cut sharply with a scalpel. Careful measures were taken to avoid placing additional pressure on the soft tissue. The pressure sensitive film was then carefully removed from the footprint for further analysis. All dissections and repairs were carried out by a single surgeon under the supervision of the senior author to minimise inter-specimen technique variability.

    For Group 2 (G2), two medial suture anchors and one lateral knotless anchor were inserted. The medial and lateral anchors were similarly connected by a suture bridge.The technique and instruments used were identical to G1, apart from the placement of only one lateral knotless anchor, which was inserted at equidistance from each lateral row knotless anchor.

    Group 3 (G3) consisted of one medial suture anchor - two lateral knotless anchors repair connected by a suture bridge. The technique and instruments used were once again identical to G1, except that only a single medial anchor was used. Placement of this anchor was inserted at equidistance from each medial row suture anchor (Figure 4).

    After the film was retrieved from the footprint, the adhesive tapes were carefully removed. The digital image of each pressure sensitive film imprint was obtained at a resolution of 600 pixels/inch using a digital scanner. The area marked out in dark pink represented good contact from the overlying repaired tendon, while areas in light pink or white indicated little or no contact. Image J, an imaging software, was used to analyse the digital images in grey scale (Figure 5A and B). The imprinted contact area on the pressure sensitive film was digitized and subsequently computed using the imaging software.

    Figure 1 Porcine shoulder specimen showing dissected infraspinatus tendon.

    Statistical analyses

    Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with the repair construct as the factor and contact area as the measured variable. Results from the three groups of double-row rotator cuff repair techniques were analysed. Significant differences were noted whereP< 0.05.

    RESULTS

    Our results showed that the mean contact area (± SD) between the infraspinatus tendon and the underlying tuberosity for G1 (2 medial - 2 lateral) was 75.1 ± 9.3 mm2.The mean contact area for G2 (2 medial - 1 lateral) was 75.0 ± 4.9 mm2, while the mean contact area for G3 (1 medial - 2 lateral) was 72.9 ± 5.2 mm2.

    Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean contact areas of the treatment groups (P= 0.82) (Figure 6). This was an interesting finding as we were expecting to see a greater tendon contact area in the 2 medial - 2 lateral group (G1).

    DISCUSSION

    The double-row repair has been described in the literature to be superior in restoring footprint dimensions as compared to the single-row repair[6,9,14]. In maximising the contact area between the rotator cuff tendon and bone with a double-row repair, the healing potential is optimized[4-6,8,15]. Aprelevaet al[5]described a possible improved biological healing process with a larger area of contact between the rotator cuff tendon and bone by increasing the size of the newly formed insertion site, to allow more fibres to participate in the healing process. Fealyet al[6]believes that vigorous tendon mobilization, combined with a broad surface area to allow for bone-tendon healing, provides a suitable environment for repair of rotator cuff tears, including large ones. The hypothesis is that with a larger footprint contact area, more tendon fibres are exposed to bone, which in turn results in improved healing potential[16]. A study by Parket al[4]has further supported this, concluding that by maximising the contact area between the tendon and tuberosity at the rotator cuff footprint, the biological healing process is enhanced, which leads to improvement of mechanical strength and function of the repaired tendon. A number of ongoing and recent studies are describing new techniques in an effort to achieve stronger fixation strength and to increase the rotator cuff footprint contact area. There is paucity of literature to show that contact area is not important in terms of rotator cuff repair and healing.

    We acknowledge that both coverage and compression are contributory factors in tendon healing[8,17-19]. While the role of contact area is supported by literature, the effects of compression - which is the pressure experienced between the tendon and bone - may not be that clear. Multiple studies have shown that optimizing pressure between the tendon and bone can be beneficial for healing[8,17-19]. Weileret al[19]showed that a high pressure environment created with the use of interference fit fixation was beneficial for direct osseous bridging between the tendon and bone using autologous Achilles tendon. However, microscopically, the effects of high tendon to bone pressure at the footprint may be at the expanse of vascularity. Further studies in this area, together with a follow-up study focusing on compression, could potentially further validate the use of the 3-anchor construct.

    Figure 2 Placement of sealed pressure sensitive film under reflected tendon at centre of footprint.

    While many studies have looked at the contact area between singlevsdouble-row repairs, few or no studies to our knowledge have analysed the contact area characteristics between double-row repairs performed using 3 and 4-suture anchors.Our study has shown that the double-row technique not only results in good footprint contact area (> 70% compression at a defined area of footprint), but also that the use of either a 3 or 4-suture anchor construct yields similar tendon-to-bone contact area in the repair of a medium-sized tear, no larger than 1.5 cm × 2.5 cm. This potentially favours the use of just three anchors. With the use of less hardware, the chance of creating a high-pressure environment at the expense of vascularity between tendon to bone may hypothetically be reduced. Furtherin-vivostudies will be needed to substantiate this.

    In our institution, the cost of a suture anchor ranges between S$600 to S$900. By using one less anchor per patient (25% savings in terms of cost), it appears that the same result may be achieved while promising a potential reduction in healthcare costs in the long run. Additionally, by employing one less anchor, there is a significant reduction in the surgical time required to complete the double-row repair, which translates to the benefit of decrease in anaesthetic time. In our local context, patients’bone sizes are generally smaller, which may further support the use of fewer suture anchors; the greater tuberosity in Asians may not be large enough for four anchors[20].In a study conducted by Franceschiet al[21], they reported a statistically significant difference in operative time between the single-row and double-row repair (42 ± 18.9 minvs65 ± 23.4 min, respectively). The increase in surgical time together with the higher cost of placing more anchors appear to make the use of the double-row repair less ideal than the single-row repair, especially for smaller (< 3 cm) tears. The use of a 3-anchor double-row construct is a potential solution to minimize these disadvantages, yet reaping its own benefits of maximizing footprint contact area and healing.

    Our study has a few limitations. The first would be the small sample size, which is inherent to cadaveric studies. Secondly, the use of a porcine cadaveric model - while geometrically and biomechanically similar to humans - is still disadvantageous as compared to using a human cadaveric model due to the difference in anatomy.However, the effect of this limitation is reduced as contact area, instead of the healing process, was being measured. Additionally, our study did not make use of a tensiometer to gauge the tension of the repairs. The effect of this was minimised as much as possible by maintaining equal depths of all the suture anchors, to ensure uniform tension in all the repairs. Lastly, fresh tendons tears were used, which may not replicate the quality of the tendons in chronic tears. Perhaps further studies can be performed in human cadaveric specimens to quantify contact pressure and pull-out strength, to validate further the use of the 3-anchor construct.

    In conclusion, the double-row repair technique is commonly employed for the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears. Our study showed that there is no statistical difference in tendon-to-bone contact area when using a 3 or 4-suture anchor construct.This may potentially translate to shorter surgical times and lower healthcare costs with the use of fewer anchors without compromising tendon-to-bone healing of rotator cuff tears.

    Figure 3 Completion of double-row repair (G1).

    Figure 4 The different double-row configurations. Top: G1, 2 medial 2 lateral; Middle: G2, 2 medial 1 lateral; Bottom: G3, 1 medial 2 lateral.

    Figure 5 Retrieved pressure sensitive and pressure sensitive film.

    Figure 6 Mean contact area, percent of contact at a repaired rotator cuff footprint.

    ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

    Research background

    In rotator cuff repair surgery, the double-row technique is widely performed and remains one of the most commonly performed techniques. The double-row repair is traditionally performed using four suture anchors.

    Research motivation

    This study proves that the use of a 3-suture anchor construct is non-inferior to that of a 4-suture anchor construct in terms of footprint contact area. The use of a 3-suture anchor construct may potentially translate to significant reductions in surgical and anaesthetic times, as well as a reduction in healthcare costs in the long run. Future research studying the contact pressure and pull-out strength can be undertaken to validate further the use of a 3-suture anchor construct as a non-inferior alternative to the 4-suture anchor construct while achieving the abovementioned benefits.

    Research objectives

    The objective of our study was to demonstrate for the first time that there is no statistical difference in tendon to bone contact area when using a 3 or 4-suture anchor construct. By demonstrating so, it has introduced the possibility that the 3-anchor construct may be a comparable alternative to the standard 4-anchor construct in terms of efficacy. This study can be used in conjunction with future research comparing contact pressure and pull-out strength to further validate the use of 3-anchor construct over the traditional 4-anchor construct.

    Research methods

    Twenty-four fresh porcine shoulders without gross evidence of rotator cuff pathology were used. The use of a porcine model was chosen due to a previous study reporting the geometric and biomechanical similarities between the porcine infraspinatus tendon and the human supraspinatus tendon. Identical tears were created in these porcine shoulders over a 1.5 cm × 2.5 cm infraspinatus insertion footprint. Double-row repair techniques, with 3 to 4-suture anchors in different configurations, were employed for three control groups. Each group consisted of eight shoulders with identical repair configurations. Footprint contact areas of the repaired tendon against the tuberosity were determined using pressure sensitive Fujifilm placed between the tendon and tuberosity.

    Research results

    The study demonstrated for the first time that there is no statistical difference in tendon-to-bone contact area when using a 3 or 4-suture anchor construct. This study can be used in conjunction with future research comparing contact pressure and pull-out strength to further validate the use of 3-anchor construct over the traditional 4-anchor construct.

    Research conclusions

    The study found for the first time that there is no statistical difference in tendon-to-bone contact area when using a 3 or 4-suture anchor construct. It has hence introduced the possibility that the 3-anchor construct may be a comparable alternative to the traditional 4-anchor construct in terms of efficacy. This may potentially translate to shorter surgical times and lower healthcare costs with the use of fewer anchors without compromising tendon-to-bone healing of rotator cuff tears.

    Research perspectives

    This study introduces a new, alternative technique to the traditional 4-anchor construct that has been performed for years. This study can be used in conjunction with future research comparing contact pressure and pull-out strength to validate further the use of 3-anchor construct over the traditional 4-anchor construct.

    国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 亚洲欧美色中文字幕在线| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| av在线播放精品| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 日韩精品有码人妻一区| 欧美精品av麻豆av| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 国产精品二区激情视频| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 久久久久久久精品精品| 婷婷成人精品国产| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 两个人看的免费小视频| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 精品一区在线观看国产| 久久人人爽人人片av| 国产又爽黄色视频| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 国产成人精品婷婷| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 制服诱惑二区| 免费观看无遮挡的男女| 乱人伦中国视频| 国产在线免费精品| 精品国产一区二区久久| 毛片一级片免费看久久久久| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 满18在线观看网站| 免费av中文字幕在线| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 高清不卡的av网站| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 久久热在线av| 18禁观看日本| 大香蕉久久网| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 天堂8中文在线网| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 国产不卡av网站在线观看| 一级片免费观看大全| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 亚洲精品一二三| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 久久这里只有精品19| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 七月丁香在线播放| 高清欧美精品videossex| 丝袜喷水一区| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 9色porny在线观看| 久久久久久久国产电影| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 成人国产av品久久久| 亚洲精品第二区| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 中国三级夫妇交换| 久久久久久久精品精品| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 久久这里只有精品19| 亚洲av男天堂| 国产精品免费大片| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| www日本在线高清视频| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 国产又爽黄色视频| 黄色配什么色好看| 一级片免费观看大全| 美女国产视频在线观看| 9色porny在线观看| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 国产亚洲最大av| 久久国内精品自在自线图片| 免费看av在线观看网站| 久久这里有精品视频免费| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人 | 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区 | www日本在线高清视频| h视频一区二区三区| 午夜日本视频在线| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| av网站在线播放免费| 国产精品免费视频内射| 黄色配什么色好看| av网站在线播放免费| 久久精品夜色国产| 精品酒店卫生间| 视频区图区小说| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| av在线app专区| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 婷婷色麻豆天堂久久| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 999久久久国产精品视频| 国产成人精品在线电影| 中文字幕色久视频| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 久久av网站| 日韩精品有码人妻一区| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 尾随美女入室| 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费| 桃花免费在线播放| 看免费av毛片| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 新久久久久国产一级毛片| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 人妻一区二区av| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 街头女战士在线观看网站| 大码成人一级视频| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 国产精品.久久久| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 国产片内射在线| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 成人免费观看视频高清| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到 | 国产黄频视频在线观看| 天堂8中文在线网| av线在线观看网站| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 午夜91福利影院| 日韩视频在线欧美| 日本色播在线视频| 曰老女人黄片| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 日日撸夜夜添| 一级黄片播放器| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 久久久久视频综合| 亚洲成人一二三区av| videosex国产| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 在线观看人妻少妇| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 一级毛片我不卡| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| 日韩伦理黄色片| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 蜜桃在线观看..| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 99国产精品免费福利视频| 日韩精品有码人妻一区| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 精品国产露脸久久av麻豆| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 中文字幕制服av| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 久久热在线av| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 国产精品久久久久久av不卡| 考比视频在线观看| 中国三级夫妇交换| 亚洲精品第二区| 黄色一级大片看看| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 香蕉精品网在线| 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在| 中国国产av一级| 成年av动漫网址| 久久免费观看电影| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 九草在线视频观看| 色哟哟·www| 久热久热在线精品观看| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 9色porny在线观看| 午夜免费观看性视频| 欧美bdsm另类| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 91aial.com中文字幕在线观看| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 黄色一级大片看看| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 国产野战对白在线观看| 少妇被粗大猛烈的视频| 99热全是精品| 男的添女的下面高潮视频| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 一区福利在线观看| 成人国语在线视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av天美| 国产男女超爽视频在线观看| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 美女午夜性视频免费| 日韩中字成人| 老司机影院成人| 黄色配什么色好看| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 亚洲第一av免费看| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 国产 精品1| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 又粗又硬又长又爽又黄的视频| 飞空精品影院首页| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 免费观看av网站的网址| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 少妇的逼水好多| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| www日本在线高清视频| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 99香蕉大伊视频| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 丁香六月天网| 久久这里只有精品19| 激情视频va一区二区三区| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 久久人人爽人人片av| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 嫩草影院入口| 黄色配什么色好看| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频 | 国产片内射在线| tube8黄色片| 成人国产麻豆网| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 亚洲av中文av极速乱| 国产在视频线精品| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| av国产精品久久久久影院| 久热这里只有精品99| 国产成人91sexporn| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 中文欧美无线码| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 色94色欧美一区二区| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 少妇 在线观看| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 丝袜美足系列| 国产精品二区激情视频| 9色porny在线观看| 亚洲精品一二三| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 乱人伦中国视频| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 成人二区视频| 国产精品国产三级专区第一集| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 国产在线免费精品| 高清不卡的av网站| 岛国毛片在线播放| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 国产av一区二区精品久久| 大码成人一级视频| 亚洲欧美色中文字幕在线| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码 | 国产男人的电影天堂91| 久久久a久久爽久久v久久| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 如何舔出高潮| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 永久免费av网站大全| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 亚洲国产看品久久| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 美女中出高潮动态图| 99久久中文字幕三级久久日本| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 日本av免费视频播放| 一级黄片播放器| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 在线 av 中文字幕| 精品福利永久在线观看| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 精品国产国语对白av| 在线天堂中文资源库| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 日韩视频在线欧美| 国产激情久久老熟女| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 亚洲av男天堂| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 桃花免费在线播放| 一个人免费看片子| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 久久久久视频综合| 美女中出高潮动态图| 777米奇影视久久| 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站 | 久久婷婷青草| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| av一本久久久久| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 又粗又硬又长又爽又黄的视频| 一级爰片在线观看| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 夫妻午夜视频| 久热这里只有精品99| 日本猛色少妇xxxxx猛交久久| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| kizo精华| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 午夜福利,免费看| av天堂久久9| 亚洲精品一二三| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 国产精品二区激情视频| 亚洲,一卡二卡三卡| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 国产精品.久久久| av卡一久久| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 好男人视频免费观看在线| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲 | 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 欧美人与善性xxx| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 人妻人人澡人人爽人人| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 曰老女人黄片| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 久热久热在线精品观看| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 青青草视频在线视频观看| 国产探花极品一区二区| 高清不卡的av网站| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 伊人久久国产一区二区| 国产成人精品婷婷| 1024香蕉在线观看| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲 | 毛片一级片免费看久久久久| 黄频高清免费视频| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 久久久久久人妻| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 久久久a久久爽久久v久久| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 免费观看无遮挡的男女| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡 | 国产成人av激情在线播放| 黄色一级大片看看| 婷婷色综合www| 精品福利永久在线观看| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 在线天堂最新版资源| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 另类精品久久| 亚洲国产av新网站| 精品一区二区三卡| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 国产成人精品在线电影| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 亚洲人成电影观看| 中文字幕制服av| 一级毛片 在线播放| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 亚洲综合精品二区| 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区 | 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 国产在线视频一区二区| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 午夜福利网站1000一区二区三区| 久久久精品区二区三区| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 午夜影院在线不卡| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 婷婷色综合www| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 99久久中文字幕三级久久日本| 久久这里有精品视频免费| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 色94色欧美一区二区| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 国产极品天堂在线| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| 考比视频在线观看| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 香蕉丝袜av| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀 | 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 少妇 在线观看| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 我的亚洲天堂| 免费观看在线日韩| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 精品国产一区二区久久| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| av在线老鸭窝| 777米奇影视久久| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 看十八女毛片水多多多| 精品少妇内射三级| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲 | 国产精品久久久久成人av| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 亚洲图色成人| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 精品酒店卫生间| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 国产在视频线精品| 免费观看在线日韩| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| av片东京热男人的天堂| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91 | 国产乱人偷精品视频| 欧美另类一区| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 一二三四在线观看免费中文在| 看非洲黑人一级黄片| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆 | 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 亚洲精品第二区| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| kizo精华| 春色校园在线视频观看| 亚洲国产看品久久| 黄色怎么调成土黄色| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 只有这里有精品99| av在线app专区| av天堂久久9| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 99热全是精品| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 久久av网站| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 国产 一区精品| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 亚洲精品av麻豆狂野| 国产精品 国内视频| 自线自在国产av| 97在线视频观看| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 一区二区三区激情视频| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆 | 国产精品一国产av| 亚洲欧美色中文字幕在线| 看免费av毛片| 电影成人av| 亚洲伊人色综图| 久久热在线av| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 国产探花极品一区二区| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 看非洲黑人一级黄片| 赤兔流量卡办理| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 哪个播放器可以免费观看大片| 精品一区二区三卡| 亚洲成人手机| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 国产免费又黄又爽又色| 看免费av毛片| 电影成人av| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 9色porny在线观看| 国产成人精品无人区| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 一级毛片电影观看| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 91久久精品国产一区二区三区| 免费观看av网站的网址| 熟妇人妻不卡中文字幕| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 久久久久久人妻| 9色porny在线观看| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 看免费av毛片| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 丝袜喷水一区| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 男男h啪啪无遮挡|