種獼猴桃的琴先生

鮑亞飛

琴舟澤，韓國人，這是他的中文名。

讀書上學、大學畢業(yè)，然后是工作——離開首爾之前，琴舟澤是一家食品公司的財務主管，330萬韓元/月（約合人民幣2萬元）。很偶然的機會，他到了廣州;十年后又是一個機緣巧合，他來到了浙江千島湖。

“以前怎么會想到會這樣呆在千島湖，做農(nóng)民?！鼻僦蹪傻闹形暮芎?，很少有不準發(fā)音，如果不特別留意，很難知道他不是千島湖本地人。

“每一年好像都不一樣，每一次變化多讓我這個‘農(nóng)民更加安定?！钡秸憬那u湖邊做農(nóng)民已經(jīng)9年：從一腔熱情到內(nèi)心安定，他認為他趕上了在中國做農(nóng)民的最好時候，感受到了中國農(nóng)業(yè)政策的發(fā)展，也見證了中國新農(nóng)村建設的變化。

初入浙江：

因為好山水決定留下來

杭州市淳安縣汾口鎮(zhèn)，在淳安千島湖西南，到縣城約80分鐘車程，縣城距離杭州170公里。

寺下村更遠，汾口鎮(zhèn)還要繼續(xù)往西，村后的大山和開化、安徽相連。琴舟澤就住在寺下村。

在武強溪邊的一棟小房子里，琴舟澤雙手端一杯茶給我。在千島湖邊，他學到了很多的中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀。

緣分始于2010年初的一場大病。當時，琴舟澤已經(jīng)在體檢中發(fā)現(xiàn)了心臟有問題，為了緩解病情，他和中國妻子來到千島湖休養(yǎng)?！爸苓呑吡撕脦讉€鄉(xiāng)村，太美了。”他看到千島湖邊耕作在青山綠水間的農(nóng)民，辛苦卻和美，他心動了，他想留下來，留在浙江、留在千島湖做農(nóng)民。

妻子有些意見，但琴舟澤還是下定了決心。

“問了很多田間地頭的村民，想法也更加堅定了：中國現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)業(yè)政策非常好，只要肯干，就一定能夠做一個快樂、幸福的農(nóng)民?！贝蠓较蛴辛耍唧w怎么辦呢，他一開始也沒想好。

最先，他想養(yǎng)豬;深入了解后，他覺得在深山可以養(yǎng)牛;在經(jīng)過多方調(diào)查、同時也在朋友和當?shù)卣膸椭拢x擇了種獼猴桃?！拔移拮雍軔鄢垣J猴桃，湖邊山區(qū)晝夜溫差大、雨水多，土壤的礦物質(zhì)很豐富，適合獼猴桃生長?！庇谑?，琴舟澤在汾口鎮(zhèn)寺下村租下了120畝地，打算“要種一片金色果園，里面全是獼猴桃”。

一個韓國人放著城里人不做卻要做中國農(nóng)民的事情，在附近幾個村莊變成了話題：鋤頭都不會拿怎么做農(nóng)民？河灘荒地能種獼猴桃嗎？即使結(jié)果了賣給誰去？

農(nóng)業(yè)專家的說法證實了人們的猜測并非全無根據(jù)：河邊的風景很好，但都是沙礫碎石，肥力不行，一鋤挖下去，鋤頭彈起來。

兩條路：要么放棄，要么培土。

“藤架、排水方面已經(jīng)花了100多萬，為了租用這塊地，村里、鎮(zhèn)里的干部幫我協(xié)調(diào)了好多好多次，怎么能說放就放？”琴舟澤說，但如果要繼續(xù)，那可能需要花3年以上的時間來培育土壤。

琴舟澤，陷入了兩難境地。

初見花開：

終于結(jié)出質(zhì)量上乘的獼猴桃

就在這個時候，妻子辭去廣州的工作來到寺下村：既然不能拉他回來，那就和他一起走去。

幾乎每天，夫妻倆的主要“農(nóng)活”都是種草和割草：在平整好的的地里種滿雜草，再把長好的草割了放入大池漚肥;然后再種草、割草……

三年間，日復一日。

2013年的一天，妻子正在家做飯，琴舟澤快步跑回家，像個孩子般地大喊：“土樣合格了，合格了！” 果苗終于下地。

接著而來的是梅雨連綿、夏日酷暑等考驗，一半的果苗死了，琴舟澤本來就未完全康復的身體更讓妻子擔心。“我三番五次地勸，他每次的回答都是‘今年再不成就回城里，可每年都這樣說?！?/p>

守得云開見日月。2016年琴舟澤迎來了轉(zhuǎn)機：當年產(chǎn)出的3萬斤獼猴桃，還沒上市便以35元/斤的價格被預訂一空;之后，以有機肥種出的獼猴桃賣到了杭州、上海，還出口銷到了韓國、日本、新加坡等地。

2018年，琴舟澤的果園產(chǎn)果30多萬斤，銷售收入近400萬元。

2019年10月，正是獼猴桃收獲的季節(jié)，盡管今年相比往年同期雨水偏少，但依然有20多萬斤的產(chǎn)量，預計有近300萬元的銷售額。

從“嘿”到“琴先生”：

在中國做農(nóng)民是什么感覺

如今，汾口本地人都知道，要買好吃的獼猴桃，應該去找韓國人琴先生?！八乔f稼好把式，因為他用了心?！备浇拇迕癫辉俳羞@個50歲的韓國男人為 “嘿”或者“韓國人”，而改口叫了“琴先生”。

村民稱琴舟澤為“先生”，一是因為佩服他種好了獼猴桃;二是因為書——幾乎每天晚上，如果走進琴舟澤的屋子，他一定捧著一本有關(guān)獼猴挑種植方面的書，每一個章節(jié)，他都有標注和思考——當然，這原本就是他想要的生活，一塊田、一本書、一個家。

再有人問琴舟澤“為什么來中國做農(nóng)民”，他會說“我喜歡種這里的地，因為山水不同”。

這不是一句臺面話。將近10年的“中國農(nóng)民”的經(jīng)歷，的確讓琴舟澤感受到了中國的山水不同。

“開始不理解，后來才明白，原來很多事情跟韓國不同?！彼f最先是租地——120畝地有一半以上是村民的，是村集體和汾口鎮(zhèn)政府的干部不論日夜地協(xié)調(diào)、溝通，才使得自己在三四個月里就辦好了手續(xù)，然后租金也讓他滿意。

琴舟澤知道的有關(guān)中國的農(nóng)業(yè)政策都是后來在千島湖才知道的：比如農(nóng)業(yè)用電價格要相對工業(yè)供電價格低;比如農(nóng)業(yè)不再需要交稅……

“前幾年我陸續(xù)在獼猴桃種植方面投進了很多錢，壓力很大，后來是中國的政策幫了我——按照規(guī)定，相關(guān)部門根據(jù)我的投入給了我一定的扶持補助?！彼f這里的政策很公平，符合條件的填了材料就行，不是本地人也沒關(guān)系。

與琴舟澤聊天時，會有人來找他，有村民，也有村里、鎮(zhèn)里、農(nóng)業(yè)局的干部?！拔乙貏e感謝，他們是真心在為我們農(nóng)民服務?！彼浀?016年，是政府部門幫他改建了跨河大橋，大貨車才能拉著有機肥進來、裝著獼猴桃出去;他也記得經(jīng)過立項、審批、施工后建成的堤岸馬路，保障了他在汛期有路可走……“他們幾乎每個月要來兩三趟，一直到現(xiàn)在。正是他們上門了解，所以針對我們的具體情況，專門設計了路寬和堤高?！彼睦镌?jīng)算過，從2010年至今，各級政府部門工作人員到現(xiàn)場詢問困難的次數(shù)超過了200次。

琴舟澤就這樣融入了中國的鄉(xiāng)村：走在路上，遇到相識的人他會主動地打招呼;獼猴桃結(jié)果的時候，他會拿出來跟村民分享;農(nóng)忙時也去人家里幫忙干農(nóng)活;逢年過節(jié)給小孩壓歲錢、去朋友家里“蹭飯”……

近年來，“鄉(xiāng)村振興”如火如荼，日益完善的基礎設施建設和青山綠水的宜居環(huán)境，讓不少村子都打破了“次元壁”，琴舟澤僅僅是“外來中國農(nóng)民”中的一個樣本。

“我呆在中國做農(nóng)民，很安心，很充實，生活的狀態(tài)也越來越好?！彼f，就這短短10年經(jīng)歷，讓他看到了中國不一樣的農(nóng)業(yè)，不一樣的農(nóng)村。正是很多的“不一樣”，讓他這個“中國農(nóng)民”覺得心溫暖?！拔蚁矚g種地，我喜歡每天都在變化的新的中國鄉(xiāng)村?！?/p>

Keum Ju Taeg is a Korean who has been in China for nearly 20 years. Before he left Seoul for China， he was the head of the financial department of a food company in the capital of the Republic of Korea. He spent ten years in Guangzhou before he came to the Qiandao Lake， a scenic reservoir in the west of Hangzhou， the capital of Zhejiang Province.?

He came to Sixia， a village in Fenkou Township， Chunan County in 2010. The town is about 80 minutes drive from the capital of the county. And the county capital is about 170 kilometers from Hangzhou. He came to the village to take a break away from the busy life. In a regular health check， doctors said he had a heart problem and he needed to take break from his work. He and his Chinese wife came to the Qiandao Lake. They visited villages in close neighborhood and were deeply impressed by the rural beauty and the way rural farmers worked and lived.

Keum stayed in the village and his wife went back to Guangzhou to continue her work there.

As his heart condition improved， Keum wanted to be a farmer there. He did a field study and learned from neighbors that the government had favorite policies for farming. Then he turned to specifics of farming. What exactly would he do if he wanted to be a farmer？ After consultation with friends and the local government， he decided upon kiwifruit for his future farming project. He made up his mind.

He rented a piece of land which measures 8 hectares. Residents in the neighborhood doubted Keums project. They thought the Korean knew almost nothing about farming and he didnt even know how to handle a hoe. And they thought the land was no good for kiwifruit farming， as part of the land full of sands and pebbles as it is near the river. The rural residents had never grown anything there. Even if the Korean could harvest kiwifruit there， who would come all the way to buy from him？

Keum spent about a million yuan leveling the land and getting all the drainage and other essential things for the kiwifruit orchard. Then he spent three years making the soil ready for the kiwifruit cultivation. Unable to persuade her husband to give up， his wife resigned from her job in Guangzhou and joined him. During the early years， the couple did nothing but planted grasses and harvested grasses. They converted the grasses into compost and put the fertilizer back to the land. They did it for about three years. In the spring of 2013， soil test results turned positive. The couple began to plant kiwi saplings. The crop suffered the plum rain in the early summer and then the extreme heat of the high summer. Half of the saplings didnt survive. His wife worried about Keums heart and talked about going back to a city life again.

Keums farming project had its turning point in 2016. The couple took in 15-ton kiwifruit that year. The fruits from organic farming sold all out for a very good price. The top-quality fruits were shipped to supermarkets in Hangzhou and Shanghai and even exported to Korea， Japan and Singapore. In 2018， Keums kiwi fruit orchard produced 150 tons and sold for nearly 4 million yuan. The 2019 sale revenue is estimated to be about 3 million， due to the lasting drought in the summer and autumn.

Now villagers respectfully refer to the 50-year-old Keum as Mister Keum. Before his miraculous success， local residents just mentioned him as the Korean in their conversations. In the traditional Chinese culture， mister is a title exclusively for educated and respectable people. It has nothing to do with gender and sometimes nothing to do with age. Villagers call him Mister to show their respect for his kiwi success and for his profound knowledge of kiwifruit farming. They are deeply impressed that the Korean farmer reads all the books available on kiwifruit farming.

He owes his 10-year farming experience to China. The village heads and town government officials did their best to coordinate to make his project come true. Thanks to their support， the land rental was arranged and concluded in four months and the rental he pays for the land is okay.

It was not until he was in Qiandao Lake zone that he learned all about Chinese government farming policies. For example， his electricity bill for his kiwifruit farming is preferential. Manufacturing pays a higher rate for electricity. And he pays no tax for farming. Agricultural tax was called off in January 2006， putting a period to the taxation on agriculture which had been levied in China for thousands of years. The local government has helped a lot to Mr. Keums orchard. He has received government subsidies for his investment. A bridge near his orchard was upgraded in 2016 so that trucks can reach his orchard directly. A causeway road was built especially for his kiwifruit farm so that he could go out during the flood period. The government officials visit Keum two or three times a month to see what they can do for him. He says since 2010 government officials have visited him on troubleshooting business more than 200 times.

Keum and his wife have merged well into the life of the local rural community. He shares kiwifruits with local residents. He helps his neighbors do some farming work in the busy season. In Spring Festival， he gives cash envelops to neighbors children. And he often visits friends at their homes and have dinner there.

Keums farming experience in Sixia Village mirrors a much bigger picture of the nationwide rural development and revitalization. More and more villages have urbanized infrastructures and villages provide a comfortable environment for living. Keum is just one of many farmers in China who are from foreign countries. The ten-year farming at Sixia has enabled him to see changes in rural China. He falls for the differences he has witnessed. “I am now a farmer in China and lead a contented and peaceful life. My life is full of good things，” says the Korean. “I like farming. I love the daily changes in Chinas rural areas.”