帥秀芳 鄭慧
摘要:目的 ?探討產(chǎn)前彩色多普勒超聲診斷帆狀胎盤及血管前置的臨床價值及漏診和誤診原因分析。方法 ?回顧性分析2015年1月~2018年7月我院行產(chǎn)前彩色多普勒超聲篩查946例孕婦的彩色多普勒聲像圖及臨床特點(diǎn),分析帆狀胎盤和血管前置的超聲診斷情況、影像學(xué)特點(diǎn)及妊娠結(jié)局。結(jié)果 ?共946例孕婦中,產(chǎn)科證實(shí)帆狀胎盤117例,超聲診斷帆狀胎盤106例,漏診11例,誤診7例,漏診率:9.40%(11/117),誤診率:0.84%(7/829),診斷符合率:98.10%(928/946);產(chǎn)科證實(shí)血管前置19例,超聲診斷血管前置16例,漏診3例,誤診3例;漏診率:15.79%(3/19),誤診率:0.32%(3/727),診斷符合率:99.37%(940/946)。帆狀胎盤彩色多普勒超聲顯示臍帶入口在胎盤邊緣的游離胎膜內(nèi),經(jīng)羊膜和絨毛膜之間進(jìn)入胎盤;血管彩色多普勒超聲顯示胎膜血管位于胎兒先露前方跨越宮頸內(nèi)口或者接近宮頸內(nèi)口。有69.91%(79/113)的超聲帆狀胎盤孕婦選擇剖宮產(chǎn),另外30.09%(34/113)選擇順產(chǎn);有19例產(chǎn)前超聲診斷為血管前置孕婦均選擇剖宮產(chǎn),其中5例胎膜早破急診剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù),但新生兒情況良好。結(jié)論 ?彩色多普勒超聲能較好的顯示胎盤形狀、胎盤臍帶插入口位置及宮頸內(nèi)口血管情況,提高診斷帆狀胎盤及血管前置診斷率,改善妊娠結(jié)局,降低圍生期胎兒死亡率,但因各種因素影響,存在一定漏診和誤診。
關(guān)鍵詞:帆狀胎盤;血管前置;產(chǎn)前超聲
中圖分類號:R445 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.20.052
文章編號:1006-1959(2019)20-0164-03
Clinical Value of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Spiral Placenta and Vascular Preposition and Analysis of Misdiagnosis Causes of Missed Diagnosis
SHUAI Xiu-fang,ZHENG Hui
Abstract:Objective ?To investigate the clinical value of prenatal color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of sacral placenta and vascular preposition and the reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods ?Retrospective analysis of color Doppler sonography and clinical features of 946 pregnant women undergoing prenatal color Doppler ultrasound screening from January 2015 to July 2018, and analysis of the ultrasound of the placenta and vascular front Diagnostic conditions, imaging features and pregnancy outcomes. Results ?Among 946 pregnant women, 117 cases of sail-shaped placenta were confirmed by obstetrics, 106 cases of spiral placenta were diagnosed by ultrasound, 11 cases were missed, and 7 cases were misdiagnosed. The rate of missed diagnosis was 9.40% (11/117), and the rate of misdiagnosis was 0.84% (7/829), the diagnostic coincidence rate: 98.10% (928/946); obstetrics confirmed 19 cases of vascular advancement, 16 cases of anterior ultrasound diagnosis, 3 cases of missed diagnosis, 3 cases of misdiagnosis; the rate of missed diagnosis: 15.79% (3/19), The rate of misdiagnosis was 0.32% (3/727), and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 99.37% (940/946). Spiral placenta color Doppler ultrasound showed that the umbilical cord entrance was in the free fetal membrane at the edge of the placenta, entering the placenta between the amnion and the chorion; vascular color Doppler ultrasound showed that the fetal membrane blood vessels were located in front of the fetus to cross the cervix or close to the cervix. 69.91% (79/113) of the patients with ultrasonic sail-shaped placenta chose cesarean section, and another 30.09% (34/113) chose to give birth. There were 19 cases of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis for vascular anterior women who chose cesarean section, of which 5 cases of premature rupture of membranes for emergency cesarean section, but the newborn is in good condition. Conclusion ?Color Doppler ultrasound can better display the shape of the placenta, the position of the placenta of the placenta and the vascular part of the cervix, improve the diagnostic rate of the placenta and vascular preamplifier, improve the pregnancy outcome, and reduce the perinatal fetal mortality. However, due to various factors, there are certain missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
血管前置根據(jù)彩色多普勒表現(xiàn)可分為4種類型[2]:①臍帶血管帆狀附著:臍帶插入點(diǎn)位于胎盤邊緣以外胎膜上,分散數(shù)根后進(jìn)入胎膜,并且橫跨過宮頸內(nèi)口,最終附著于胎盤邊緣;②副胎盤型:彩色多普勒顯示連接正胎盤與副胎盤的血管跨越宮頸內(nèi)口;③雙葉胎盤型:彩色多普勒顯示連接兩葉胎盤之間的血管橫跨過宮頸內(nèi)口;④臍帶胎盤邊緣附著型:胎盤邊緣附著處的血管橫跨宮頸內(nèi)口,以上類型共同點(diǎn)為宮頸內(nèi)口處血管血流頻譜與臍帶血流頻譜相一致。帆狀胎盤彩色多普勒超聲表現(xiàn)[3]:超聲顯示臍動脈及臍靜脈在羊膜和絨毛膜之間分散數(shù)支后其屬支進(jìn)入胎盤邊緣,胎盤胎兒面未探及臍動靜脈,與本研究中血管前置和帆狀胎盤超聲特點(diǎn)基本一致。超聲因其安全、方便、可重復(fù)性備受產(chǎn)科歡迎,同時三維四維超聲發(fā)展使超聲能夠360°全方位實(shí)時動態(tài)觀察臍血管的附著部位、臍血管的立體空間分布及走向,因此其得到廣泛應(yīng)用[4]。
此外本研究結(jié)果顯示,共106例產(chǎn)前超聲診斷為帆狀胎盤孕婦69.91%(79/113)的超聲帆狀胎盤孕婦選擇剖宮產(chǎn),另外30.09%(34/113)選擇順產(chǎn);剖宮產(chǎn)只有2例出現(xiàn)出血較多,新生兒情況良好(Apgar評分9分);順產(chǎn)中有7例出現(xiàn)出血多,但只有2例出現(xiàn)胎兒窘迫,且伴有羊水吸入,出生后轉(zhuǎn)新生兒科治療,預(yù)后良好。19例產(chǎn)前超聲診斷為血管前置孕婦均選擇剖宮產(chǎn),其中5例胎膜早破急診剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù),新生兒情況良好(Apgar評分9分),與王冠華等[5]研究結(jié)果一致,說明剖宮產(chǎn)可以提高孕婦及胎兒存活率,減少胎兒宮內(nèi)缺氧情況。
綜上所述,彩色多普勒超聲能較好的顯示胎盤形狀、胎盤臍帶插入口位置及宮頸內(nèi)口血管情況,提高診斷帆狀胎盤及血管前置診斷率,改善妊娠結(jié)局,降低圍生期胎兒死亡率。
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收稿日期:2019-4-22;修回日期:2019-6-20
編輯/杜帆