劇院建筑

編譯：季嘉葵

英國劇場技師協(xié)會(Association of British Theatre Technicians， 簡 稱 ABTT， 成 立 于 1961 年 ) 于 1972 年制作了第一部劇院設(shè)計和規(guī)劃指南。在1986 年修訂后，成為任何涉及劇院建筑、裝修或者創(chuàng)造一個表現(xiàn)空間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考。2010 年由該組織出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）編輯的《劇院建筑設(shè)計指南》（Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide）一書，是其繼承者。

這本書使讀者了解了劇院的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計的全過程。它在建筑物的每一個區(qū)域都有詳細(xì)的注解，包括房子前面、禮堂、后臺和行政辦公區(qū)域。它聚焦于一些具體的指導(dǎo)，比如音響、舞臺工程、燈光、聲音和視頻，禮堂和舞臺的尺寸等等。餐飲、會議和教育使用等方面也包括在內(nèi)。書中涵蓋了28 座劇院的案例，《歌劇》雜志將編譯其中精彩的個案，與業(yè)界共同分享。

劇院建筑設(shè)計指南之韋克斯福德歌劇院

Wexford Opera Theatre from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

愛爾蘭韋克斯福德

Wexford, Ireland

韋克斯福德一年一度的歌劇節(jié)始于1951 年，如今已被視為愛爾蘭文化生活的組成部分，吸引著來自世界各地的游客。歌劇節(jié)原來的舉辦地是前皇家劇院，這是一個傳統(tǒng)的19 世紀(jì)劇院，盡管經(jīng)過一系列翻新整修，但維護(hù)和運營變得越來越困難。2000 年，人們決定在同一地點建造一個新建筑替代原有的，并將其擴(kuò)建到可用的相鄰?fù)恋厣稀?/p>

Wexford’s Annual Opera Festival, first established in 1951, is now seen as an integral part of the cultural

概 要

劇院類型和運營形式

專門建造的劇院，有兩個觀眾廳，可容納韋克斯福德音樂節(jié)的歌劇作品，以及各種小型舞蹈和戲劇巡演節(jié)目。

地址和網(wǎng)站

韋克斯福德，愛爾蘭共和國韋克斯福德郡。

www.wexfordopera.com

建造年代

2003 年 7 月開始設(shè)計，2006 年 6 月至2008 年8 月為施工階段，在2008 年秋季的韋克斯福德音樂節(jié)如期完成。

觀眾廳

具有兩個不同規(guī)模和形式的觀眾廳：較大的（可容量780-850 座），專為室內(nèi)歌劇設(shè)計，舞臺很深，飛控設(shè)施齊全，還配有樂池。較小的適應(yīng)性觀眾廳（175 座）可為多種形式的表演提供服務(wù)。

舞臺

扁平的傳統(tǒng)舞臺（9 米×7.5 米），配有可選擇的臺口或樂池。舞臺寬度為21米（帶側(cè)臺空間），飛控軌道之間距離為16.8 米。根據(jù)舞臺升降機(jī)的位置，舞臺深度為10.5 米、13 米或16 米，柵格高度為20 米，飛控軌道高度為8 米。

建筑師

公共工程建筑服務(wù)辦公室，愛爾蘭共和國；基思·威廉姆斯建筑師事務(wù)所，英國倫敦。

采購流程

由比稿選出的專業(yè)設(shè)計團(tuán)隊。

劇院（設(shè)計和技術(shù)）顧問

卡爾和安吉爾劇院顧問公司，英國巴斯。

聲學(xué)顧問

奧雅納，英國倫敦。

建筑成本

3300 萬歐元（2008 年）。

主觀眾席

life of Ireland and attracts visitors from around the world. Its original home was the former Theatre Royal, a traditional nineteenth-century theatre which,despite a series of refurbishments, had become increasingly difficult to maintain and operate. In 2000,the decision was taken to build a replacement on the same site, extending onto adjacent land which had become available.

這一規(guī)劃的結(jié)果是為歌劇節(jié)設(shè)計了一座新建筑，該建筑也成為一個全年可用的藝術(shù)場所，可容納韋克斯福德音樂節(jié)的其他作品，這座較大的建筑

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Purpose-built theatre with two auditoria designed to house Wexford Festival Opera productions as well as a varied programme of smaller scale dance and drama touring.

Location and web reference

Wexford, County Wexford, Republic of Ireland.

www.wexfordopera.com

Building dates

Design started in July 2003 and the construction stage ran from June 2006 to August 2008, completing on schedule for the autumn 2008 Wexford Opera Festival.

Auditorium

Two spaces of differing scale and format: the larger (780-850 capacity), purpose-designed to house opera with deep stage, full flying facilities and orchestra pit. Smaller adaptable auditorium(seating 175) provides for performance in a variety of formats.

Stages

Flat, traditional proscenium (9m wide by 7.5m) with an optional forestage or orchestra pit. Stage width is 21m (with wing space) and 16.8m between fly galleries. The stage depth is 10.5m, 13m or 16m depending on positioning of stage lifts. The height is 20m to grid and 8m to fly galleries.

Architect

OPW (Office of Public Works) Architectural Services, Republic of Ireland; with Keith Williams Architects, London, UK.

Procurement

Specialist design team selected by competition.

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Carr and Angier, Theatre Consultants, Bath, UK.

Acoustic consultants

Arup, London, UK.

Building cost

€33 million in 2008.已經(jīng)成功地融入了韋克斯福德中世紀(jì)中心的歷史建筑群中。

The result is a new building designed for the Opera Festival which also provides a year-round arts venue housing other Wexford Festival productions and this larger building has been successfully integrated into the historic fabric of Wexford’s medieval centre.

主入口刻意低調(diào)——一排修復(fù)過的排屋建筑中的一個簡單門口，將劇院主建筑隱藏于街上。劇院的規(guī)模，以及銅質(zhì)覆蓋的塔樓，只有在穿過老城區(qū)的斯萊尼河的遠(yuǎn)岸才能看出來。

從斯萊尼河對岸看到的劇院景色

The main entrance is deliberately understated- a simple doorway in a row of reinstated terraced buildings hiding the main building from the street.The scale of the theatre, with its copper-clad flytower,is only apparent from the far bank of the River Slaney which runs through the old town.

進(jìn)入劇院時，觀眾會穿過一個獨立的票房區(qū)，進(jìn)入一個有頂棚的中庭，從那里有一個寬闊的樓梯通向四樓，直達(dá)樓頂，可以在上面看到老城區(qū)和河口的景色。主觀眾席采用傳統(tǒng)的馬蹄形格局。舞臺可以通過一系列的升降來適應(yīng)不同尺寸的樂池，或者為戲劇和舞蹈提供一個可選擇的臺口。配有全套的飛控設(shè)施。后臺區(qū)域包括為導(dǎo)演、指揮家、設(shè)計主創(chuàng)和歌者們提供的設(shè)施；以及更衣室、合唱排練室和道具制作區(qū)。

On entering, theatergoers are led through a discrete box office area into a top-lit atrium from where a wide stairway leads up through four storeys to the top of the building, revealing views of the old town and estuary. The main auditorium follows the traditional horseshoe format. The stage can be adapted through a series of lifts to accommodate an orchestra pit of varying dimensions or an optional forestage for drama and dance. Full flying facilities are provided. The back stage area includes provision for directors, conductors, designers and singers; aswell as dressing rooms, chorus rehearsal rooms and prop making.

想要將這一系列劇院設(shè)施安裝到緊湊的市中心場地，需要設(shè)計和建造一系列零部件，然后在現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行組裝，從劇院最里面的角落開始，一直延伸到更臨街的區(qū)域。

Fitting this range of accommodation into the tight town centre site involved designing and constructing a series of component parts which were then assembled on site, starting with the most landlocked corner and working through to the more accessible areas.