帶動(dòng)就業(yè)　共贏的另—種方式

雷怡安

2018西安絲綢之路國(guó)際旅游博覽會(huì)上，丹麥客人對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)靥禺a(chǎn)羌繡愛(ài)不釋手

2018年T2月27日，國(guó)務(wù)院國(guó)資委、中國(guó)社科院發(fā)布首本《中央企業(yè)海外社會(huì)責(zé)任藍(lán)皮書(shū)（2018）》。藍(lán)皮書(shū)清晰地反映出，截至2018年，中央企業(yè)在“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家共雇傭當(dāng)?shù)貑T工36萬(wàn)余人。96%的中央企業(yè)海外機(jī)構(gòu)已建立平等的中外雇員雇傭制度，76%的中央企業(yè)建立了培養(yǎng)與晉升的平等雇傭制度，75%的中央企業(yè)還建立了薪酬與福利設(shè)置中的平等雇傭制度。

走出國(guó)門，走進(jìn)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家建立工業(yè)園區(qū)，幾乎成了中國(guó)企業(yè)抱團(tuán)出海的最佳方式，而海外工業(yè)園區(qū)的建立，也著實(shí)為當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)發(fā)展和海外員工就業(yè)提供了巨大的幫助。

對(duì)于到泰國(guó)來(lái)投資的中國(guó)企業(yè)來(lái)講，泰國(guó)泰中羅勇工業(yè)園是他們的不二選擇。從2005年中國(guó)企業(yè)華立集團(tuán)聯(lián)合泰國(guó)企業(yè)安美德集團(tuán)籌建工業(yè)園至今，14年的時(shí)光讓工業(yè)園躋身海外工業(yè)園的佼佼者，成為了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要一脈。

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不是一個(gè)虛擬的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，他的每一步增長(zhǎng)都牽扯著生活在這片土地上每一位國(guó)民的生活質(zhì)量。來(lái)自德晉昌工廠的25歲泰國(guó)女工阿依努正是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展變化的見(jiàn)證人和受益者。

阿依努是一名地地道道的泰國(guó)清邁人，在老家的時(shí)候一直干農(nóng)活。一個(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，她得知泰中羅勇工業(yè)園里的德晉昌工廠在招工，早就想跳出“農(nóng)門”的阿依努勇敢地作出了選擇，來(lái)到了離家千里的曼谷開(kāi)始了新的生活。女工、翻譯員……阿依努在這里做過(guò)許多不同的工種，每一次的變化都讓她有一個(gè)巨大的進(jìn)步。如今憑借著自己的努力，年紀(jì)輕輕的她已成為了工廠的一名副主管，管理著手下53名員工。說(shuō)到自身巨大的改變，阿依努特別感恩，她說(shuō)如果沒(méi)有工業(yè)園的建立，自己也不會(huì)來(lái)到這里開(kāi)啟一段不一樣的人生，“我學(xué)到了許多技能，有了一份很不錯(cuò)的收入。”

像阿努依一樣在工業(yè)園工作的泰國(guó)員工已有2萬(wàn)多人。“這是個(gè)很了不起的數(shù)字。這2萬(wàn)人又供養(yǎng)了多少人，為泰國(guó)創(chuàng)造了多少外匯，收入穩(wěn)定大大有助于社會(huì)穩(wěn)定?！卑裁赖录瘓F(tuán)總裁邱威功這樣評(píng)價(jià)。

截至2018年6月，已有新技術(shù)、新能源、新材料、汽配、機(jī)械、電子等行業(yè)在內(nèi)的105家中資企業(yè)入駐工業(yè)園，其中中國(guó)500強(qiáng)企業(yè)20多家，累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值超100億美元。

目前，泰中羅勇工業(yè)園僅完成了一期二期4平方千米的開(kāi)發(fā)，到三期開(kāi)發(fā)完后，預(yù)計(jì)可容納300家企業(yè)，為泰國(guó)創(chuàng)造10萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。在華立集團(tuán)董事局主席汪力成看來(lái)，這10萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位會(huì)像10萬(wàn)條紐帶，讓中國(guó)企業(yè)、中國(guó)制造與普通泰國(guó)民眾在“一帶一路”上緊密相連。

建設(shè)中的中白工業(yè)園辦公樓 ? ?（本版圖片/新華社供圖）

2019年一開(kāi)年，位于白俄羅斯的白俄羅斯—中國(guó)工業(yè)園（簡(jiǎn)稱“中白工業(yè)園”）迎來(lái)喜訊，白俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)部批準(zhǔn)中白工業(yè)園獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的地位，這項(xiàng)政令保障了入駐企業(yè)在歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟海關(guān)法的框架內(nèi)可最大程度享受關(guān)稅優(yōu)勢(shì)。

而就在3年前，距離白俄羅斯首都明斯克25公里的工業(yè)園還是一片荒蕪，這里遍布森林和沼澤，如無(wú)人之境。如何在這里建立起工業(yè)園，吸引企業(yè)來(lái)這里拓荒發(fā)展成為了當(dāng)時(shí)的一道難題。參與最早期工業(yè)園開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)的中自工業(yè)園開(kāi)發(fā)公司第一副總經(jīng)理基里爾的顧慮和建議代表了白俄羅斯方的觀點(diǎn)，“我們想到了中國(guó)，中國(guó)在園區(qū)建設(shè)和引資方面有著豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，如果我們共同開(kāi)發(fā)那肯定是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的?！?/p>

和泰中羅勇工業(yè)園不太一樣的是，中自工業(yè)園不僅僅面向中國(guó)投資者，而是在全球招商的大背景下，把眼光放至全世界。而更不一樣的是，這里不再是傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)地，未來(lái)將是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的聚集地。

據(jù)中白工業(yè)園開(kāi)發(fā)公司首席執(zhí)行官胡政介紹，2018年中白工業(yè)園的國(guó)際影響力不斷增強(qiáng)。全年共有380多個(gè)團(tuán)組、近2500人次到園區(qū)考察，其中來(lái)自歐美的考察團(tuán)組近90個(gè)。此外，工業(yè)園組織和參加了60多場(chǎng)招商引資推介會(huì)，有效擴(kuò)大了園區(qū)的國(guó)際知名度和影響力。截至2018年8月-16日，工業(yè)園已吸引來(lái)自中國(guó)、白俄羅斯、俄羅斯、美國(guó)、德國(guó)、奧地利、立陶宛和以色列等國(guó)的37家企業(yè)入駐。

雖然不同地區(qū)工業(yè)園的開(kāi)啟理念或有不同，但發(fā)展帶給普通老百姓的變化卻實(shí)實(shí)在在可見(jiàn)。安德烈·徹列潘諾夫如今已是中自商貿(mào)物流股份有限公司的財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)，也是公司最早的白方工作人員?；叵牒凸I(yè)園的結(jié)緣，這一切似乎還發(fā)生在昨天。2015年，徹列潘諾夫看到了一則招聘啟事，公司就在中白工業(yè)園里，這樣一個(gè)新興的工業(yè)園讓他萌生了去看一看的想法，而最關(guān)鍵的是，他了解到這是中國(guó)和白俄羅斯兩國(guó)政府共同推動(dòng)的大項(xiàng)目，“前景一定非常好”，于是在工業(yè)園新建之初，徹列潘諾夫就走進(jìn)了這里。從普通員工到財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)，徹列潘諾夫崗位晉升了，工資提高了，整個(gè)家庭因?yàn)樗淖兓辛烁嗝篮玫母淖?。而令他感到欣喜的是，作為一名老員工，他親眼見(jiàn)證了工業(yè)園的快速發(fā)展，他感嘆地說(shuō)：“這一年來(lái)，有來(lái)自美國(guó)、德國(guó)、中國(guó)等國(guó)的企業(yè)入駐，整個(gè)園區(qū)充滿著效率和激情?！?/p>

工作的穩(wěn)定讓徹列潘諾夫沒(méi)有了后顧之憂，如今他最大的愿望就是學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，在他看來(lái)身邊的中國(guó)同事都特別好，大家在一起互相鼓勵(lì)共同進(jìn)步，因此如果能夠?qū)W習(xí)到更多漢語(yǔ)，就能和同事們進(jìn)行更好地交流了。

海外園區(qū)不僅成為中國(guó)企業(yè)“走出去”和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)不可缺少的中堅(jiān)力量，也為東道國(guó)提供了大量的就業(yè)崗位。在去年8月舉行的國(guó)新辦新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，國(guó)家發(fā)改委副主任、國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局局長(zhǎng)寧吉喆介紹，截至2018年6月，我國(guó)與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家貨物貿(mào)易累計(jì)超過(guò)5萬(wàn)億美元，在沿線國(guó)家建設(shè)的境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)總投資289億美元，為當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)造24.4萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位和20.1億美元的稅收。

北京師范大學(xué)“一帶一路”研究院研究員王超表示：“海外園區(qū)作為‘一帶一路’的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，對(duì)我國(guó)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際產(chǎn)能合作提供了有效保護(hù)，我們要始終堅(jiān)持與沿線國(guó)家對(duì)話協(xié)商、共建共享、合作共贏、交流互鑒，在園區(qū)建設(shè)上狠下功夫，建立合理的工作機(jī)制，不斷完善配套設(shè)施，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督管理，增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，力爭(zhēng)將各園區(qū)打造成為國(guó)際化現(xiàn)代綠色園區(qū)。同時(shí)，要充分尊重當(dāng)?shù)孛褡逦幕?，秉持懷柔遠(yuǎn)人、和諧萬(wàn)邦的天下觀，繪好海外園區(qū)‘工筆畫(huà)’，把對(duì)方的事情當(dāng)做自己的事情來(lái)做，把園區(qū)建設(shè)成為讓當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩帐芤娴拿裆こ獭！?/p>

共贏才能帶來(lái)更好的合作，海外工業(yè)園的建立正是中國(guó)在“一帶一路”上的探索，實(shí)踐證明，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、帶動(dòng)就業(yè)是實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏的最佳合作模式，未來(lái)，中國(guó)將繼續(xù)在雙贏之路上走下去，擔(dān)當(dāng)起大國(guó)的責(zé)任。

2018年7月9日，白俄羅斯副總理加里寧（右三）在中白工業(yè)園出席活動(dòng) ? ?（新華社供圖）

On December 27，2018，the State-owned AssetsSupervision and Administration Commission ofthe State Council （SASAC） and the Chinese Academyof Social Sciences （CASS） released the first BlueBook on Overseas Corporate Social Responsibilityof Central State-owned Enterprises （2018） （BlueBook for short） which shows that central SOEshave widely participated in building of the Belt andRoad Initiative and actively fulfilled their corporatesocial responsibilities （CSR） overseas. Accordingto this explicit investigation text， up to now， centralSOEs have employed over 360，000 locals in hostcountries along the Belt and Road; among all overseasagencies of central SOEs， 96% have established anemployment system applied equally for both Chineseand foreign employees， 76% have put in place a fairemployment system for training and promotion，and 75% have built a fair employment system forcompensation and benefits.

Building industrial parks in other Belt and Roadcountries almost has become the best way for Chineseenterprises which go global through supporting eachother in expanding overseas operations. Meanwhile，this endeavor has also greatly invigorated localenterprises and offered enormous help to overseasemployees.Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone：livelihood improvement

For Chinese enterprises choosing to makeinvestments in Thailand，Thai-Chinese RayongIndustrial Zone is the best choice. With fourteen yearsof development since its establishment by China'sHolley Group and Thailand's Amata Corporation in 2005， this industrial zone has emerged as a leadingperformer among China's overseas industrial zonesand also contributed greatly to local economy.

Developing national economy is not about somevirtual economic modes. but about the livelihood ofeveryone living here. 25-year-old Thai female workerAynul from Dejinchang Optoelectronics Technologyhas witnessed and also benefited from the nationaldevelopment.

As a bom-and-bred Chiengmai native， Aynul didfarm work in her hometown until she was told by achance that Dejinchang Optoelectronic s Technology inThai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone was recruiting.Long dreaming to leave the village，Aynul decidedwithout any hesitation to start a new life in Bangkok.a city far away from her hometown. At the factory，she has taken many posts ranging from productionworker to translator， making great progress with eachpost change. Thanks to her hard work， young Aynulnow acts as an assistant supervisor managing 53employees. Talking about her drastic change， gratefulAynul who owed the life-changing opportunity tothe establishment of Thai-Chinese Rayong IndustrialZone said， “Thanks to the zone， I have leamed manyskills and have a nice income.”

Aynul is just one of more than 20，000 Thaiworkers of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone.“How remarkable the figure it is ！ Imagine how manypeople have these 20，000 Thai workers supportedand how much foreign exchange has been created forThailand！ What's more， stable income is conduciveto social stability，”said Vikrom Kromadit， CEO ofAmata Corporation.

As of June 2018， 105 Chinese enterprises havesettled down in the park， covering a range of industrieslike new technology， new energy，new material，auto parts， mechanical engineering， and electronicengineering. Among them， there are 20-plus amongthe list of the top 500 Chinese enterprises， generatinga total of industrial output value of more than USD 10billion.

Currently， 4k㎡ area of Phase I and Phase IIhas been developed in the zone. Once Phase III iscompleted， it is expected that the zone will be capableof acconmmodating 300 enterprises and providing100 thousand jobs for Thai people. In the eyes ofWang Licheng， chairman of the Board of ZhejiangHolley Group， these 100，000 jobs will link Chineseenterprises， Chinese manufacturing， and ordinary Thaipeople together through the “Belt and Road”.China-Belarus Industrial Park： jobs ensurebetter livelihood

At the beginning of 2019， good news came to theBelarus-based China-Belarus Industrial Park （GreatStone） that the Ministry of Economy of Belarusapproved the status of Great Stone as a special economiczone. The approval means that enterprises here canenjoy most preferential tariff within the framework ofthe customs law of Eurasian Economic Union.

Just three years ago， the park site， 25km awayfrom Belarus's capital Minsk， was still very desolate，stretch upon stretch of forest and marsh makingthis place extremely depopulated. Therefore， howto build an industrial park here and then how toattract enterprises for development has remainedquite a challenge. Kiril， first deputy general managerof China-Belarus Industrial Park DevelopmentCompany， and also one of the first participants in theconstruction of Great Stone， expressed his concernsand suggestions on behalf of Belarus， "The reasonwhy we chose China then is that China has a proventrack record in park construction and investmentpromotion， so there is no problem if we two countriescooperate in the effort."

Unlike Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone，Great Stone is built for attracting investors not onlyfrom China but also from all over the world. Stillmore importantly， it will be developed into a centerfor emerging industries，rather than a production basefor traditional industries.

According to Hu Zheng， CEO of Clrina-BelarusIndustrial Park Development Company， the year 2018 has witnessed the ever-enhanced internationalinfluence of Great Stone. Throughout the year， thepark received 380-plus delegations comprising nearly2500 visits， including nearly 90 delegations fromEurope and the US. Besides， the park organized andparticipated in 60-plus investment promotion fairs，giving a strong boost to its global exposure andinfluence. As ofAugust 16， 2018， 37 enterprises fromChina， Belarus， Russia， the US， Germany， Austria，Lithuania， Israel， and other countries have establishedoperations here.

Though the founding visions of industrial parksof different regions might vary， tangible benefits theyhave delivered to ordinary people are clearly seen.Andrey Cherepanov， also one of the earliest staffmembers in Belarus of China-Belarus Commerce &Logistics Corporation， is finance director now. Lookingback on why he chose to work at the industrial park，he felt as if it just happened yesterday. In 2015，Cherepanov noticed a recruitment advertising of GreatStone， and then he was seized by an itch to try hisluck at this new industrial park Most importantly， hewas told that it was a large project co-initiated by thegovemments of China and Belarus. Attracted by the"promising future"， he started working here just afterthe park was completed from then ordinary employeeto today's fmance director. In addition to the raisedsalary， his whole family has also benefited greatlyfrom his promotion. As a long-time employee whohas witnessed the fast-evolving development of GreatStone， he said with emotion， "Since the beginning ofthis year， a host of enterprises from the US， Germany，and of course， China has settled down here， injectingmore momentum into Great Stone to become anefficient and passionate industrial park. "

With the secure job， Cherepanov no longerworries about his livelihood， and now his biggest wishis learning Chinese language. In his eyes， his Chinesecolleagues all are very nice， and they encourage eachother and make progress together. So if he can speakChinese well，he will be capable of communicatingwith his Chinese colleagues in a better way.Following through the best cooperation model

Overseas industrial parks have emerged asthe pillar for Chinese enterprises to go global andachieve transformation and upgrade and also createda large Inumber ofjobs for host countries. At the pressconference in last August， Ning Jizhe， vice minister ofthe National Development and Reform Commissionand commissioner of the National Bureau of Statistics.noted that as of June 2018， the volume of goods tradebetween China and other Belt and Road countrieshad exceeded USD 5 trillion， and a total of USD 28.9billion investment had been made in economic andtrade cooperation zones in these countries， whichcreated 244，000 local jobs and USD 2.01 billion ofrevenue.

Wang Chao， a research fellow with The Belt andRoad Research Institute of Beijing Normal Universitysaid， "As a key part of the Belt and Road Initiative.overseas industrial parks have provided effectiveguarantee for China to intensify global productioncapacity cooperation. With achieving shared growththrough mutual discussion， collaboration andlearning among the Belt and Road countries as ourguiding principle， and with park construction asour point of effort. we should establish a rationalworking mechanism， keep improving supportingfacilities. strengthen supervision and management，and offer more job opportunities， in a bid to buildeach industrial park into a modern， international，green one. Meanwhile， we should also respect localcultures and bring harmony to local people， help hostcountries with greatest sincerity and effort and workto improve the livelihood of local people by buildingthe industrial parks well."

Always embracing that only win-win bringsbetter cooperation， China pursues the Belt and RoadInitiative in a way of building overseas industrialparks. And practices have also proven that， developingeconomy to boost employment is the best win-wincooperation model. Going forward， China will play itspart as a responsible major country in advancing win-win cooperation.