秋千影
《習(xí)近平談治國(guó)理政》中的第五部分集中論述建設(shè)法治中國(guó)。應(yīng)該說,倡導(dǎo)依法治國(guó)是政治文明的一種體現(xiàn)。今天,我們一起探討與“法治”相關(guān)的英文翻譯。
日常情況下,“法治”大概可以簡(jiǎn)單表述為the principle of government by law;但嚴(yán)格來說,“法治”對(duì)應(yīng)的英文術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是the rule of law,《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》給出了后者的釋義:the condition in which all members of society, including its rulers, accept the authority of the law,例如:
1. 原文:在全社會(huì)弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義法治精神
譯文:foster socialist rule of law throughout society
點(diǎn)評(píng):弘揚(yáng)法治精神的實(shí)質(zhì)就是推進(jìn)法治,故斯譯。
很多情況下,“法治”就是“依法治國(guó)”的簡(jiǎn)稱,例如:
2. 原文:全面建成小康社會(huì)對(duì)依法治國(guó)提出了更高要求。
譯文:Our efforts to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects presuppose a higher demand for the rule of law.
在中國(guó),除了法治,我們也倡導(dǎo)德治,正如習(xí)總書記所說:“要堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)相結(jié)合……做到法治和德治相輔相成,相互促進(jìn)。”We should integrate the rule of law with rule by virtue…and ensure that the rule of law and rule by virtue complement and reinforce each other.
當(dāng)然,除了the rule of law,有時(shí)候根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,也可以使用其他方式,例如:
3. 原文:堅(jiān)持法治國(guó)家、法治政府、法治社會(huì)一體建設(shè),不斷開創(chuàng)依法治國(guó)新局面
譯文:develop a law-based country, government and society simultaneously, and thereby bring the rule of law to a new stage
點(diǎn)評(píng):“法治國(guó)家”的本質(zhì)意義大概應(yīng)以法律為基礎(chǔ),如此表述,倒也簡(jiǎn)潔貼切, 避免同一語(yǔ)詞在同一英文句中重復(fù)使用。
此外,根據(jù)《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》,law and order也可以表示“法治”,其釋義如下:a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way。不過,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)較之于the rule of law,更多強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種法治環(huán)境,更傾向于表示我們平常所說的“治安” ,例如:maintain law and order 維持治安。