綠色絲路新畫卷

彭納

“一帶一路”倡議提出六年來，“政策溝通、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、資金融通、民心相通”建設(shè)成果豐碩，如今，在向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的升級(jí)中，和平、繁榮、開放、綠色、創(chuàng)新、文明是明確而堅(jiān)定的目標(biāo)。

以綠色鋪就“一帶一路”是高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的必然選擇。在第二屆“一帶一路”國際合作高峰論壇圓桌峰會(huì)上，習(xí)近平主席強(qiáng)調(diào)，“我們將堅(jiān)持共商共建共享原則，一致支持開放、廉潔、綠色發(fā)展，反對(duì)保護(hù)主義，同意踐行高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、惠民生、可持續(xù)理念，堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，走經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展之路?！?/p>

當(dāng)一個(gè)個(gè)項(xiàng)目在“一帶一路”沿線不斷落地生根時(shí)，綠色發(fā)展的腳步也越走越扎實(shí)。在埃及、阿根廷、斯里蘭卡、塔吉克斯坦、柬埔寨等國，光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)、風(fēng)力發(fā)電、蔬菜大棚……中企在“一帶一路”的生動(dòng)實(shí)踐，繪制出一幅壯麗的綠色絲路新畫卷。

Over the six years since the Belt and Road was proposed， remarkable fruits have been reaped in policy coordination， facilities connectivity， unimpeded trade， financial integration， and people-to-people bond. Today， as we seek to pursue highquality development， it is a clear-cut and firm goal to realize peace， prosperity， openness， green development， innovation， and civilization.

It is an inevitable choice for us to pursue high-quality development of the Belt and Road by following a green path， for which President Xi Jinping has reiterated the importance. At the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation， President Xi Jinping stressed that “we will follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration， support open， clean and green development， oppose protectionism， practise high-standard concepts for people’s livelihood and sustainability， stick to people-oriented development thinking， and embrace a development road that ensures harmonious economic， social， and environmental development.”

When projects are taking roots along the Belt and Road， we are making solid progress in pursuing green development. In Egypt， Argentina， Sri Lanka， Tajikistan， Cambodia，， and other countries， PV industry， wind power generation and vegetable greenhouses are all part of green development， seeking to grow the Belt and Road into a green road.

Egypt·PV industrial park， the power station in desert

位于埃及南部阿斯旺省的本班光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)園占地37平方公里，是埃及首個(gè)由中企承建并參與融資的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目。產(chǎn)業(yè)園的總裝機(jī)容量今年預(yù)計(jì)可達(dá)近2000兆瓦，有望成為世界最大光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)園之一，幫助埃及實(shí)現(xiàn)2020年可再生能源發(fā)電量占總發(fā)電量比例提升至20%的目標(biāo)。

埃及南部，世界上最干燥的地方之一，全年日照長達(dá)3000多個(gè)小時(shí)。以往，埃及國內(nèi)超過90%以上的電力供應(yīng)都來自傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)電模式，而且發(fā)電的成本也一直在增加，民眾和企業(yè)都倍感壓力。為此，太陽能資源豐富的埃及希望將這一清潔能源利用起來。

2015年8月，中埃簽約籌備可再生能源國家聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室，推進(jìn)可再生能源領(lǐng)域的深度合作。

不久前，埃及投資和國際合作部官方賬號(hào)在推特上發(fā)布了這樣一條消息：來自中國的可再生能源企業(yè)在埃及完成了三座太陽能發(fā)電站的建設(shè)工作。這三座發(fā)電廠所在的埃及本班光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)園是埃及第一個(gè)太陽能村。

其中，浙江正泰和特變電工新疆新能源股份有限公司兩家中企分別承建了其中165.5兆瓦和186兆瓦兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。據(jù)了解，園區(qū)50%以上的設(shè)備和組件來自中國。

今年內(nèi)，本班光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)園將滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行。

Covering an area of 37km2， Benban Solar Park is located in Aswan Governorate in south Egypt. It is the first PV power generation project undertaken and co-financed by Chinese enterprises. It is estimated that its total installed capacity will reach nearly 2，000 MW this year， well-poised to become one of the largest PV industrial parks in the world. It will enable Egypt to raise the percentage of renewable energy power generation in total power generation to 20% by 2020.

Southern Egypt is among the driest areas in the world， with annual sunshine duration over 3，000 hours. In the past， Egypt got over 90% power from conventional power generation mode. Yet rising cost of power generation posed huge pressure on both the public and enterprises. Therefore， the country hoped to make full use of its abundant solar resources.

In August 2015， China and Egypt signed a protocol to prepare the establishment of a joint lab for renewable energy， which marked a significant step in pushing for deeper cooperation in renewable energy.

Recently， such a message was posted at the official Twitter account of the Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation of Egypt： a Chinese renewable energy enterprise built three solar power plants in Egypt. Benban Solar Park， to which the project belongs， is the first solar energy village in Egypt.

Within the Park， two Chinese enterprises， CHINT Group and TBEA SunOasis Co.， Ltd. have undertaken the 165.5 MW and 186 MW projects respectively. According to reports， over 50% equipments and components in the Park come from China.

This year， Benban Solar Park will operate at full load.

Argentina·Loma Blanca wind power project empowers energy mix upgrading of Argentina

由中國金風(fēng)科技股份有限公司投資、中國電建集團(tuán)擔(dān)任工程總承包商的羅馬布蘭卡4個(gè)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目正在緊鑼密鼓的建設(shè)中。項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)今年底完工。按照與阿根廷批發(fā)電力市場(chǎng)管理機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)議，中方共投資約7.4億美元，包括阿根廷丘布特省羅馬布蘭卡風(fēng)電群的4個(gè)項(xiàng)目和布宜諾斯艾利斯省南部的1個(gè)項(xiàng)目，共建造風(fēng)機(jī)109臺(tái)，項(xiàng)目完工后裝機(jī)容量將達(dá)350兆瓦，中國企業(yè)將承擔(dān)項(xiàng)目20年的運(yùn)營維護(hù)工作。

阿根廷南部巴塔哥尼亞地區(qū)地廣人稀，其優(yōu)質(zhì)的風(fēng)能資源吸引了世界各地的風(fēng)電企業(yè)前來投資。從機(jī)場(chǎng)到馬德林港市區(qū)的必經(jīng)之路兩側(cè)，可以看到一排排百米高的白色“大風(fēng)車”隨風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

3月，中阿合作的項(xiàng)目正在進(jìn)行吊裝作業(yè)的風(fēng)機(jī)，塔高超過100米，葉片達(dá)68.6米，約2.5米/秒的風(fēng)速就可以啟動(dòng)發(fā)電。讓中國工程師們驕傲的是，中國風(fēng)電技術(shù)經(jīng)過近十年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)處于世界的第一梯隊(duì)，中國的風(fēng)力發(fā)電設(shè)備有構(gòu)造簡單、切入風(fēng)速較低、對(duì)電網(wǎng)沖擊較小、發(fā)電效率高等特點(diǎn)。

本次建設(shè)的風(fēng)機(jī)基本可以實(shí)現(xiàn)“無專人值守”自動(dòng)化發(fā)電，風(fēng)機(jī)發(fā)生故障后可以自動(dòng)將代碼發(fā)送至公司的服務(wù)器上，屆時(shí)公司會(huì)派專人前往故障風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)行維修。盡管風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目的前期一次性投入較高，但后期的運(yùn)營維護(hù)成本將非常低。

The construction of four wind power projects in Loma Blanca， invested by Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co.， Ltd. and undertaken by Power Construction Corporation of China as a general contractor， is well under way. It is expected to be finished later this year. According to the agreement signed with Argentine Wholesale Electricity Market regulator， Chinese side will invest around USD 740 million， including four projects in Loma Blanca， Chubut and one project in the south of Buenos Aires Province. A total of 109 wind power generators will be built. Once completed， the project will have an installed capacity of 350 MW. Chinese enterprises will take charge of maintenance and operation in the coming 20 years.

In southern Argentine， Patagonia is a vast territory with a sparse population. Its quality wind power resources have attracted global wind power enterprises to make investment. Along the two sides of the road linking airport and Madryn port， you can see rows of windmills as high as 100 meters rotating in the wind.

Now， the wind power generators of China-Argentine cooperation project， which are lifting and rigging， have towers as high as over 100 meters and blades of 68.6 meters. They can generate power amid a wind speed of 2.5 meters/second. As a source of pride for Chinese engineers， after some 10 years of development， China has ranked among the first echelon worldwide in terms of wind power technology. China’s wind power generation equipment have features like simple structure， low cut-in wind speed， little impact on girds， and high power generation efficiency.

The wind power generators under construction can basically realize automatic power generation. In case of generator malfunction， codes can be sent to the server of the company automatically. And the company will send personnel to repair the faulted generator. Despite a relatively high initial one-time input， the wind power project entails a quite low cost of operation and maintenance.

Sri Lanka·Colombo urban solid waste disposal project solves garbage problem

由中國港灣工程有限公司承建、中交第四航務(wù)工程局有限公司等單位參與建設(shè)的科倫坡城市固廢處理項(xiàng)目于2018年2月啟動(dòng)。隨著第一階段7200平方米垃圾填埋庫區(qū)在今年2月底竣工，斯里蘭卡首座固廢處理廠目前已經(jīng)具備每天處理600噸垃圾的能力。到2020年項(xiàng)目全部投入使用，科倫坡地區(qū)全部的固體廢物都將轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至此處理。

距離首都科倫坡150公里，在斯里蘭卡西北部普塔勒姆瀉湖的一側(cè)，原始叢林中不時(shí)傳來重型機(jī)械的作業(yè)聲。這兒曾是棄用多年的采礦坑，現(xiàn)在，一座固體廢物處理廠正在如火如荼地建造中。

廢物處理一直是斯政府的難題。2013年廢物量已超過每天1萬噸，受處理設(shè)備落后等影響，環(huán)境污染等問題日益突顯。

依據(jù)項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃，目前，第一階段7200平方米的填埋區(qū)已經(jīng)完成建設(shè)，并投入使用，還有近10萬平方米的廢物填埋區(qū)正在建造中。斯方負(fù)責(zé)人表示，在斯中兩邊的共同努力下，嚴(yán)峻的廢物堆積問題現(xiàn)已有了處理的曙光，此類項(xiàng)目可以推行到更多地方。

Undertaken by China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd. （CHEC） and participated by CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co.， Ltd. and others， Colombo urban solid waste disposal project was launched in February 2018. With the completion of 7，200 m2 landfill area of Phase I in late February， Sri Lanka’s first solid waste disposal plant now can treat 600 tons of garbage each day. The whole project will be put into use in 2020， and all solid waste of Colombo region will be transferred here for disposal.

150 km away from capital Colombo and along Puttalam Lagoon in northwest of Sri Lanka， sound of running heavy machinery can be heard in the virgin forest. In the former unused mining pit， a solid waste disposal plant is being built.

Garbage disposal has always been a hard nut for Sri Lanka government to crack. In 2013， as much as 10，000 tons of wastes were produced each day. This， together with poor disposal equipment and other factors， makes environmental pollution a salient problem.

According to the project planning， 7，200 m2 landfill area of Phase I has been completed and put into use. Another nearly 100，000 m2 landfill area is under construction. With the joint efforts of China and Sri Lanka， the once severe problem of waste accumulation has been gradually solved， and such projects can be spread to other regions， said a person in charge from Sri Lankan government.

Tajikistan·China-Tajikistan agricultural greenhouse cooperation project makes Henan seeds sprout in Tajikistan

在距離塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚別70公里的哈德隆州亞灣區(qū)，一片白花花的塑料大棚橫臥在廣袤的高山草原之上，這里就是中塔兩國首個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大棚合作項(xiàng)目——河南省經(jīng)研銀海塔吉克冬季蔬菜種植基地?；啬壳罢嫉?0公頃，擁有大棚200多個(gè)，這里生產(chǎn)的冬季西紅柿占到了塔吉克斯坦40%的市場(chǎng)份額。該基地是“一帶一路”中塔首批農(nóng)業(yè)合作項(xiàng)目之一。

塔吉克斯坦共和國，位于中亞東南部，人口910萬，土壤肥沃，農(nóng)業(yè)是其主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，但長期受制于技術(shù)匱乏和機(jī)械化程度低等原因，糧食產(chǎn)量難以自給自足。

隨著“一帶一路”倡議影響地不斷擴(kuò)大，中塔農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣與應(yīng)用的合作也在不斷發(fā)展和深化，中塔兩國共建的中國農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范園開始“提檔升級(jí)”。2014年上合組織元首會(huì)議期間，中塔兩國簽署《關(guān)于共建中塔農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范中心的諒解備忘錄》，其中，由經(jīng)研銀海種業(yè)有限公司承建的中塔農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范中心在塔吉克斯坦哈德隆州亞灣區(qū)安了家。

如今，示范園已覆蓋了從種子加工、耕種、糧食深加工為一體的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈， 每年為當(dāng)?shù)嘏嘤?xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人才5000多人次，培養(yǎng)農(nóng)機(jī)手3000多人次，培養(yǎng)蔬菜種植技術(shù)人員3000多人次，這里出產(chǎn)的蔬菜在塔吉克斯坦所占市場(chǎng)份額也越來越多。

In Khatlon Bay area， 70km away from Duschanbe， capital of Tajikistan， a white sheet of greenhouses stretches across the expansive mountains and grasslands. This is JingyanYinhai Seed Co.， Ltd. winter vegetable planting base in Tajikistan， the first China-Tajikistan agricultural greenhouse cooperation project. Covering an area of 50 hectares， the base has 200-plus greenhouses. It provides 40% of winter tomatoes for Tajikistan market. The base is also among the first China-Tajikistan agricultural cooperation projects along the Belt and road.

Located in southeast of Central Asia， the Republic of Tajikistan has a population of 8.5 million. With fertile land， the country has seen agriculture as an economic pillar. Yet constricted by technology shortage and low degree of mechanization， the country had been struggling to realize selfsufficiency of food supply.

As the Belt and Road Initiative exerts greater influence， China-Tajikistan cooperation in agricultural technology extension and application is also developing， and China Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park co-built by China and Tajikistan is being upgraded. During the SCO Summit 2014， China and Tajikistan signed MOU on Co-building China-Tajikistan Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Center. According to the MOU， China-Tajikistan Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Center， undertaken by Jingyan Yinhai Seed Co.， Ltd.， settled down in Khatlon Bay， Tajikistan.

Currently， the Demonstration Park has covered the industrial chain of seed processing， farming， and grain deep processing. Each year， it provides over 5，000 trainings on agricultural technology， more than 3，000 trainings on agricultural machinery operation， and 3，000-plus trainings on vegetable planting technology. As a result， vegetables planted here account for a growing share of the whole vegetable market in Tajikistan.

Cambodia·Hydro Power Lower Sesan 2 Dam helps fish go home

桑河二級(jí)水電站是柬埔寨最大的水電工程，于2018年底竣工投產(chǎn)，由中國華能瀾滄江水電股份有限公司投資開發(fā)，是“一帶一路”建設(shè)和柬能源建設(shè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。該水電站總裝機(jī)容量40萬千瓦，約占柬全國總發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量的20%，電站大壩全長6.5公里，是亞洲最長大壩之一。

4月初的柬埔寨上丁省西山區(qū)，桑河二級(jí)水電站水庫波光粼粼，水天一色。電站壩頂右岸，沿著副壩順階而下，一條清澈的小河在樹林中蜿蜒，這就是桑河二級(jí)水電站的仿自然旁通魚道。

魚道依自然沖溝而建，兩旁的樹林郁郁蔥蔥。每年4月至8月、11月至12月是洄游季節(jié)，魚群在潺潺河水中嬉戲游弋。

幾年前，項(xiàng)目在環(huán)評(píng)調(diào)研時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)其所在區(qū)域有34種長距離洄游魚類，為滿足這些洄游魚類的通道需求，維持該區(qū)域魚類多樣性，項(xiàng)目方主動(dòng)向柬政府建議增加魚道工程。這條魚道全長約2900米，上下游最大水位差為26.5米，底寬4米至5米，每800米左右設(shè)置休息池。魚道自2017年4月開始施工，當(dāng)年底已經(jīng)投入使用。

負(fù)責(zé)水電站運(yùn)營的桑河二級(jí)水電有限公司副總經(jīng)理燕翔說：“我們始終堅(jiān)持‘在開發(fā)中保護(hù)、在保護(hù)中開發(fā)’的方針，高度重視電站工程建設(shè)、運(yùn)營給自然和生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來的影響，為柬埔寨提供綠色能源，為‘一帶一路’建設(shè)提供綠色動(dòng)力。”

Completed and put into operation in late 2018， Hydro Power Lower Sesan 2 Dam is the largest hydropower project in Cambodia. It is invested and developed by Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc.， and is a key project of the Belt and Road and Cambodia energy development. It has a total installed capacity of 400 MW， accounting for 20% of national total； with a length of 6.5 km， its dam is one of the longest in Asia.

Early April， in Sesan District， Stung Treng Province， Cambodia， Hydro Power Lower Sesan 2 Dam is glistening and its water and the sky merge in one color. Along the right bank of the dam， you can descend along the side dam， with a limpid river winding through the forest. This is the fishway of Hydro Power Lower Sesan 2 Dam.

The fishway is built along the gully， surrounded by lush trees. In the periods of April - August and November - December， the migratory seasons here， fishes are swimming in the running water.

Several years ago， the project team found 34 kinds of long-distance migratory fish in environmental impact assessment survey. To accommodate these fish in passing through the area and maintain fish diversity， the team suggested Cambodia to add a fishway project. With a total length of about 2，900 meters， the fishway has a maximum water level difference of 26.5 meters， bottom width of 4-5 meters， and a rest pool at an interval of 800 meters. The construction of the fishway started in April 2017 and nearly eight months later， it was put into use.

“We have always struck a balance between development and protection， and be alert of the impact of power station construction and operation on the nature and ecological environment， seeking to offer green energy to Cambodia and provide green power for the Belt and Road，” said Yan Xiang， Deputy General Manager of Hydro Power Lower Sesan 2 Dam Co.， Ltd.