李楊紅 李相才 郭曦隆 張?jiān)帧∨矶ㄏ椤⒘④?/p>
摘要:試驗(yàn)以平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)黑平380為供試菌株,苧麻(Boehmeria nivea L.)麻骨與棉子殼按比例混合,以常規(guī)配方為對照,進(jìn)行秋季栽培平菇,層架出菇管理,探索麻骨代料栽培平菇的可行性,分析了各配方平菇產(chǎn)量、農(nóng)藝性狀、營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)等。結(jié)果表明,含苧麻麻骨各配方平菇的產(chǎn)量、子實(shí)體大小和產(chǎn)出投入比均優(yōu)于對照,且以T2配方(苧麻麻骨、棉子殼、麩皮、石膏的含量分別為59%、19%、21%、1%)產(chǎn)量最高;含麻骨配方生產(chǎn)的平菇營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)與對照無顯著差異;含苧麻麻骨的配方基質(zhì)含碳量和含氮量皆低于對照;基質(zhì)含氮量與平菇生長周期指標(biāo)顯著正相關(guān)。該研究為平菇生產(chǎn)提供了新的材料來源和技術(shù)支持,滿足了高產(chǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用和安全的栽培要求,也為麻骨綜合利用開辟了新領(lǐng)域。
關(guān)鍵詞:平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus);苧麻(Boehmeria nivea L.)麻骨;培養(yǎng)基配方;代料栽培
中圖分類號:S646.9;S563.1? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2019)11-0078-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.11.018? ? ? ? ? ?開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID):
Study on substitute cultivation of Plearotus ostreatus by ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks
LI Yang-hong1,2,LI Xiang-cai3,GUO Xi-long1,ZHANG Yuan-lin3,PENG Ding-xiang1,LIU Li-jun1
(1.MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;2.Garden Management Bureau(Toutunhe District),Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone,Urumqi 830026,China;3.Special Products Bureau of Yangxin County,Yangxin 435200,Hubei,China)
Abstract: Taking Pleurotus ostreatus black-380 as materials, ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks and cotton seed hull mixed in proportion, the conventional formulation was as control, P. ostreatus was cultivated in autumn and the mushroom management was by layer, the feasibility on substitute cultivation of P. ostreatus by ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.) sticks was explored, and the yield of P. ostreatus, agronomic traits and nutritional quality of all the formulas were analyzed. The results showed that the yield, fruit-body size and output-input ratio of each formula containing ramie sticks were better than the control, and the highest yield was obtained by formula T2(ramie sticks, cotton seed hull, bran and gypsum content was 59%, 19%, 21% and 1%, respectively). The nutritional quality of P. ostreatus had no significant difference between the formula containing ramie sticks and the contrast. The carbon content and nitrogen content of ramie sticks formula were lower than those of the control. There was a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen content of substrate and the growth cycle index of P. ostreatus. This study can provide new material sources and technical support for P. ostreatus production, and meet the requirements of high yield, economic, practical and safe cultivation, and also open up a new field for the comprehensive utilization of hemp bone.
2.6? 不同配方平菇投入產(chǎn)出比
由表8可知,5個配方的產(chǎn)出投入比依次為2.08、1.98、1.42、1.11、1.03。含苧麻麻骨成分的配方其產(chǎn)出投入比均高于對照,其中T1配方的產(chǎn)出投入比最高,T2配方次之。
2.7? 不同配方栽培平菇的綜合評價
對平菇不同配方間各指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合評價可知,T1和T3配方在產(chǎn)量、生物學(xué)效率、子實(shí)體農(nóng)藝性狀和營養(yǎng)性方面與對照均無顯著差異,但T1和T3配方的栽培周期顯著短于對照,且產(chǎn)出投入比高于對照。T2配方在產(chǎn)量、子實(shí)體農(nóng)藝性狀、營養(yǎng)性和安全性方面與對照均無顯著差異,但T2配方栽培周期顯著短于對照,生物學(xué)效率和產(chǎn)出投入比也高于對照,T4配方各指標(biāo)與對照均無顯著差異(表9)。
3? 小結(jié)與討論
平菇具有分解有機(jī)物、修復(fù)自然環(huán)境的作用,能將栽培料中的纖維素、半纖維素和木質(zhì)素等降解成小分子營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)供自身生長[13,14]。隨著人類社會發(fā)展以及對自然環(huán)境的保護(hù)意識增強(qiáng),需要更多的綠色、經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用的替代培養(yǎng)料,實(shí)現(xiàn)平菇的代料栽培,而使用麻骨作為替代培養(yǎng)料是實(shí)現(xiàn)該途徑的有效方法之一。
使用含苧麻麻骨的培養(yǎng)料與常規(guī)培養(yǎng)料(對照)在產(chǎn)量上沒有顯著差異;同時從菌絲生長情況來看,含麻骨配方皆優(yōu)于對照,菌絲長速快,滿袋時間短,采收早。比較各個配方可知,T2配方產(chǎn)量指標(biāo)最好。在形態(tài)學(xué)方面,含麻骨配方的菌蓋指標(biāo)大于對照。說明使用麻骨作為替代培養(yǎng)料,不僅能達(dá)到產(chǎn)量的要求,而且明顯縮短了平菇栽培周期,節(jié)約上市時間。96%的苧麻副產(chǎn)物被廢棄[10],以這些儲量豐富、價格低廉的原材料栽培平菇,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。
由其營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)來看,含麻骨配方與對照沒有顯著差異。氨基酸總量22.15%~24.31%,低于Chen等[15]用水葫蘆栽培秀珍菇的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,這可能和培養(yǎng)料基質(zhì)營養(yǎng)成分及品種的基因型有一定關(guān)系,總體上含麻骨配方的氨基酸含量普遍高于對照,尤其是T1配方。在該試驗(yàn)中粗蛋白質(zhì)含量36.07%~38.53%,普遍高于以前的栽培研究[16-18]。試驗(yàn)所得粗脂肪含量為3.50%~4.69%,低于用混有糞肥的小麥秸稈進(jìn)行平菇栽培的研究結(jié)果(7.97%~13.94%)[19]。平菇多糖具有抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗突變、免疫促進(jìn)及降低膽固醇的作用[20],苗永美等[21]用最佳工藝所生產(chǎn)的平菇,其多糖得率僅為6.48%,而本試驗(yàn)所得平菇多糖含量為7.34%~9.75%,高于其研究結(jié)果。
從基質(zhì)碳和氮含量來看,含苧麻麻骨的配方皆低于對照,而低碳和低氮培養(yǎng)體系有利于平菇酶系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行生物降解而吸收營養(yǎng)[22];氮含量與平菇生長周期存在顯著正相關(guān),該結(jié)果與前人研究相似[23,24],故含麻骨配方較對照配方更有利于平菇的生長。
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