大英圖書館分享創(chuàng)新發(fā)展:館藏數(shù)字化惠及全球閱讀者

□ 文 圖/本刊記者 劉丁睿 Article&Picture/Journalist Liu Dingrui Translator/Du Fei

“21世紀(jì)開放、創(chuàng)意和革新的大英圖書館”講座在重慶圖書館舉行。

圖書館如何迎接信息化時代的挑戰(zhàn)？館藏數(shù)字化建設(shè)將面臨哪些機(jī)遇和難題？保留圖書館傳統(tǒng)文化底蘊(yùn)的同時，如何創(chuàng)新發(fā)展和滿足讀者新的需求和期望？

3月31日，英國駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館在重慶圖書館舉辦了“21世紀(jì)開放、創(chuàng)意和革新的大英圖書館”講座，邀請大英圖書館文教部主任杰米·安德魯斯就以上問題與觀眾展開深入探討，并分享大英圖書館豐富而創(chuàng)新的館藏、主題展覽及社會包容性項目和數(shù)字化項目。

How do libraries meet challenges at the information age of the 21st century? What are the opportunities and difficulties for the digital construction of their collection? How to develop in an innovative way and meet the new demands and expectations of readers while preserving the traditional cultural heritage of the library?

On March 31,the British Consulate General in Chongqing held a lecture in Chongqing Library on “The Open,Creative and Innovative British Library in the 21st Century”.Jamie Andrews,Head of culture and learning department of British Library,was invited to have in-depth discussions with the audience on the above issues and he also shared British Library’s rich and innovative collections,thematic exhibitions,social inclusion projects and digital projects with the audience.

英國國家圖書館——大英圖書館，位于英國倫敦和西約克郡，是世界上最大的學(xué)術(shù)圖書館之一。前身是1753年成立的大英博院圖書館，為高校、商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、研究機(jī)構(gòu)和科研單位提供全球范圍內(nèi)頂尖的信息服務(wù)，以及為人們接觸世界上最大、最全面的研究藏品提供渠道。大英圖書館擁有超過1.5億件館藏品，包括《大憲章》和達(dá)芬奇手稿在內(nèi)的各種文字和語言的圖書、刊物、手稿、地圖、郵票、執(zhí)照、照片、報紙、錄音等。

“圖書館的價值在于實現(xiàn)知識共享。每年有近千萬人瀏覽大英圖書館網(wǎng)站。在這個網(wǎng)站上，人們可以瀏覽超過4000頁的400多萬件數(shù)字化館藏。”英國駐重慶總領(lǐng)事艾佩詩表示，未來英國駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館將繼續(xù)支持大英圖書館積極開展讀書交流及拓展活動等，加強(qiáng)大英圖書館與重慶的圖書館建立合作關(guān)系。

Located in London and West Yorkshire,the British National Library,also known as the British Library,is one of the largest academic libraries in the world.Its predecessor was the library of the British Museum established in 1753,which provides top-notch information services worldwide for universities,commercial organizations,research institutions and scientific research institutions,as well as channels for people to access to the largest and most comprehensive research collections in the world.The British Library boasts a collection of more than 150 million books,publications,manuscripts,maps,stamps,licenses,photographs,newspapers,sound recordings,etc.in various characters and languages,including the Great Charter and Leonardo da Vinci’s manuscripts.

“The value of the library lies in the realization of knowledge sharing.Nearly ten million people visit the website of British Library each year.On this website,people can browse more than 4 million digital collections with more than 4,000 pages.” said Ms.Cecille Elbelebidl,Consul General of The British Consulate General in Chongqing.She indicated that in the future the Consulate General will continue to support the British Library to actively carry out reading exchanges and expansion activities,thus strengthening the cooperation between the British Library and libraries in Chongqing.

為讀者打造多元化的交流研習(xí)空間

英國大英圖書館文教部主任杰米·安德魯斯，曾負(fù)責(zé)大英圖書館文獻(xiàn)典藏發(fā)展項目。策劃過多場文學(xué)和戲劇主題展覽，帶領(lǐng)國際文化及研究等合作項目，并參與許多數(shù)字化藝術(shù)項目。同時，他也是Clore領(lǐng)袖培訓(xùn)計劃成員，Oxford House的理事委員，且在文化及高等教育部門中也有非執(zhí)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的經(jīng)驗。

大英圖書館文教部主任杰米·安德魯斯就21世紀(jì)圖書館面臨的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)與聽眾展開深入探討。

Create Diversified Communication and Study Space for Readers

Jamie Andrews was once in charge of the British Library Document Collection Development Project.He planned many literary and dramatic exhibitions,led international cultural and research cooperation projects,and participated in many digital art projects.At the same time,he is also a member of the Clore Leadership Programme,and a board member of Oxford House.He also has the experience as nonexecutive leadership in the cultural and higher education sectors.

“Libraries at the information age of the 21st century are facing new challenges. In the past,people came to the library mainly to look for materials or borrow books. Now,readers have new demands and expectations for the library,” Jamie Andrews said.He thinks that we are in a fast-growing digital era,so people are increasingly accustomed to and even rely on mobile terminals,which prompts us to rethink and redefine the mission and functions of library.We are eager to embrace new technologies and meet the demands and expectations of readers.

Jamie Andrews said that “Generally speaking,when people enter into the library,they will be required to read quietly.But readers nowadays are not just looking for a quiet place to read,they need a physical space to discuss and communicate with others.At present,the British Library has provided ideal study space for readers.We have transformed the space in library according to different scientific research needs,setting up independent research rooms and multimedia editing rooms,etc.We have created hybrid libraries to provide more targeted and personalized services for people.” In the future British Library will also refer to and learn from the physical space layout of celebrity bookstores on the internet to create more diversified reading space for readers.

“21世紀(jì)信息化時代下的圖書館面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)。過去人們來到圖書館主要是查找資料或借閱書籍等。而今，讀者對圖書館有了新的需求與期望。”杰米·安德魯斯說，我們正處在高速發(fā)展的數(shù)字時代，人們?nèi)找媪?xí)慣甚至依賴于移動終端，促使我們重新思考和界定圖書館的使命和職能。我們渴望擁抱新技術(shù)，滿足讀者的需求與期望。

“一般來說，當(dāng)人們進(jìn)入圖書館就會被要求安靜地讀書，但現(xiàn)如今的讀者并不僅僅是尋找一個安靜讀書的地方，他們需要一個物理空間進(jìn)行討論交流。目前，大英圖書館內(nèi)已為讀者提供了理想的研習(xí)空間，我們根據(jù)不同科研需要改造圖書館空間，設(shè)立獨(dú)立研究室、多媒體編輯室等，我們創(chuàng)造混合型圖書館，為人們提供更具針對性、個性化的服務(wù)?！苯苊住ぐ驳卖斔贡硎?，未來大英圖書館還會參考和學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)紅書店的物理空間布置，為讀者打造更加豐富多元化的閱讀空間。

數(shù)字化建設(shè)提高館藏資源使用率

杰米·安德魯斯稱，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，大英圖書館的核心任務(wù)就是實現(xiàn)存儲、保護(hù)、管理數(shù)字信息，讓人們能夠更加充分地接觸和了解圖書館館藏。例如，將一部分甲骨文館藏通過數(shù)字化掃描，然后利用3D技術(shù)打印出來，供人們近距離觀看和學(xué)習(xí)。大英圖書館將全面收集保存英國的原生數(shù)字化史料，力圖使大英圖書館成為一個國家存儲機(jī)構(gòu)，從而盡可能使大部分館藏維持著最高的使用率。

“為此，大英圖書館推出了一個名為‘微課’的項目。我們將19世紀(jì)以來的一部分館藏數(shù)字化上傳到網(wǎng)絡(luò)供人們閱讀。”杰米·安德魯斯很高興看到，許多年輕的藝術(shù)家通過在線閱讀從中獲得靈感，并創(chuàng)造出新的藝術(shù)作品，他們將這些作品帶到大英圖書館與更多的人分享。未來，大英圖書館將依靠現(xiàn)代科技，對42種物理形式的大約650萬個音頻產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行數(shù)字化保存，并為用戶提供更好的閱讀體驗。

2015年，大英圖書館發(fā)布了新戰(zhàn)略計劃——“鮮活的知識”英國圖書館聯(lián)盟。該聯(lián)盟旨在實現(xiàn)大英圖書館與英國22家主要圖書館，以及蘇格蘭國家圖書館、威爾士國家圖書館的互助合作，將圖書館以一種新的方式連結(jié)起來，從而實現(xiàn)共享資源、技能、創(chuàng)意，推動圖書館21世紀(jì)的可持續(xù)價值，讓知識遺產(chǎn)惠及全世界更多的人。

杰米·安德魯斯參觀重慶圖書館。 圖片/英國駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館提供

Increase Utilization Rate of Collection Resources through Digital Construction

Jamie Andrews said that in the Internet era,British Library’s core task is to store,protect and manage digital information,so that people can more fully contact and understand the library collection.For example,part of Oracle’s collection is scanned digitally and then printed out in 3D technology for people to watch and learn at close range.British Library will comprehensively collect and preserve the original digital historical materials of Britain,and try to make the world British Library a national storage institution,so as to maintain the highest use efficiency of most collections as much as possible.

“For this reason,British Library has launched a project called‘microlecture’.We have digitized and uploaded some of our collections since the 19th century to the Internet for people to read.” Jamie Andrews is very happy to see that many young artists get inspiration from online reading and create new artistic works.Then they bring these works to the British Library to share with more people.In the future,British Library will rely on modern technology to digitally store about 6.5 million audio products in 42 physical forms and provide better reading experience for users.”

In 2015,the British Library released a new strategic plan,the“Living Knowledge Network”.The alliance aims to achieve mutual cooperation between the British Library and 22 major libraries in Britain,as well as the Scottish National Library and the Welsh National Library.In order to promote the sustainable value of the library in the 21st century and make the knowledge heritage benefit more people around the world,the library should be connected in a new way to realize the sharing of resources,skills and creativity.