The Oscars'influence has waned

江蘇河海大學(xué) 鮑樹(shù)銀

海詞積累

1.sneer（Para.1）v.嘲笑；譏諷

Shesneeredat Tom's musical tastes.

她嘲笑湯姆的音樂(lè)品位。

2.saccharine（Para.1）adj.故作多情的

I hated the movie'ssaccharineending.

我討厭這部影片煽情的結(jié)尾。

3.chauffeur（Para.1）n.（受雇為他人開(kāi)車的）司機(jī)

He employs two house maids and achauffeur.

他雇用了兩個(gè)保姆和一個(gè)司機(jī)。

4.beholder（Para.2）n.觀看者

Beauty is in the eye of thebeholder.

美是個(gè)人的主觀感受。

5.spotty（Para.3）adj.（質(zhì)量）有好有壞的；參差不齊的

His attendance record wasspotty.

他的出勤記錄時(shí)好時(shí)差。

6.bias（Para.3）n.偏見(jiàn)；偏好

She showed abiastowards science at an early age.

她在少年時(shí)就顯示出對(duì)科學(xué)的偏愛(ài)。

7.proxy（Para.3）n.代替物；指標(biāo)

The number of patients on a doctor's list was seen as a goodproxyfor assessing how hard they work.

醫(yī)生的病人數(shù)被看作是衡量他們工作努力程度的可靠指標(biāo)。

8.tally（Para.3）n.記錄

They do not keep atallyof visitors to the palace,but it is very popular.

他們沒(méi)有對(duì)來(lái)宮殿的游客做一個(gè)記錄，不過(guò)這個(gè)地方非常受歡迎。

9.nominee（Para.4）n.被提名人

Hisnomineefor vice president was elected only after a second ballot.

他提名的副總統(tǒng)在第二輪投票后才當(dāng)選。

10.statistical（Para.4）adj.統(tǒng)計(jì)的;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的

The report contains a great deal ofstatisticalinformation.

該報(bào)告包含大量統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。

11.advent（Para.5）n.出現(xiàn)

Theadventof the computer has brought this sort of task within the bounds of possibility.

電腦的出現(xiàn)使這種任務(wù)在可能的范圍內(nèi)。

12.sequel（Para.5）n.（書(shū)、電影、戲劇等的）續(xù)集；續(xù)篇

She is currently writing asequelto Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca.

她目前正在寫(xiě)達(dá)夫妮·杜穆里埃的《蝴蝶夢(mèng)》續(xù)集。

13.snub（Para.5）v.冷落；怠慢；對(duì)……不予理睬

the boys who hadsnubbedher in high school

在中學(xué)里曾經(jīng)冷落她的那些男孩

Green Book? Criticssneeredwhen Academy Award voters named thissaccharinetale of a friendship between a black pianist and his white,tough-guychauffeurthe Best Picture of 2018.Yet rather than being a rare injustice,the award reinforced（強(qiáng)化）a trend.The top Oscar has increasingly gone to films that are soon forgotten.

A film's quality is in the eye of thebeholder. Its influence,however, can be measured more objectively.IMDb,a crowdsourced onlinedatabase,containsalistof references to every film in subsequent（隨后的）films and TV shows.For example,Casablanca has over 1,600 references, including a discussion in When Harry Met Sally and a poster in True Romance.

The data arespotty:Films from the 1980s get four times as many references as those from the 1940s.However,the samebiasis likely to apply to all films made in a given year.So a roughproxyfor a movie's cultural influence is to count how many times it was referred to in subsequent years,and then compare itstallywith those of all other films made in the same year.

Decades ago,Best Picturenomineeswere regularly among the most influential films.Fully 68%of references to films made in 1939 are to Gone with the Wind (a winner)and The Wizard of Oz (nominated).Astatisticalmodel shows that in the 1950s,Best Picture winners had a 20%chance of being the most-referred-to film.

①That changed with theadventof Star Wars,summer blockbusters（非常成功的書(shū)或電影）andsequels.②Since the 1970s the films most referred to have been commercialflicks.③Oscar voters usually reject such movies;the ones they do like have become commercially less successful,and thus less culturallyrelevant.④Best Picture winners today just have a 2%chance of leading the references table.⑤BysnubbingBlack Panther(which already has 151 references)and the art film Roma,this year's voters scoffed（譏諷）at both cultural influence and critical acclaim.

——From The Economist

文本探究

本文是一篇議論文。奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的投票者將《綠皮書(shū)》這部講述黑人鋼琴家和他的白人硬漢司機(jī)之間友誼的故事評(píng)選為了2018年最佳影片?，F(xiàn)在奧斯卡投票者對(duì)文化影響力和評(píng)論界的好評(píng)嗤之以鼻。奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)越來(lái)越多地被頒給了那些很快就被遺忘的影片。

探究視角1：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)梳理：

Structure Paragraph（s） Main idea（s）Introduction Para.1 The top Oscar has increasingly gone to films that are soon forgotten.●A rough proxy for a movie's cultural influence is to count how many times it was referred to in subsequent years,and then compare its tally with those of all other films made in the same year.●Decades ago,Best Picture nominees were regularly among the most influential films.Conclusion Para.5 This year's voters scoffed at both cultural influence and critical acclaim.Background Para.2～4

典型段落段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

Para.5

句子序號(hào) 句義概括 句間關(guān)系①② Since the 1970s the films most referred to have been commercial flicks.背景③ The ones Oscar voters do like have become commercially less successful,and thus less culturally relevant. 現(xiàn)象④ Best Picture winners today just have a 2%chance of leading the references table.總結(jié)⑤ This year's voters snub Black Panther and the art film Roma. 舉例段意概括：奧斯卡投票者對(duì)文化影響力和評(píng)論界的好評(píng)嗤之以鼻。

探究視角2：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)

詞匯拓展（熟詞生義）

1.flick

① n.輕打；輕彈

e.g.With a flick of the wrist,Frye sent the ball into the opposite court.

弗賴伊手腕一甩，把球送到了對(duì)方球場(chǎng)。

② n.電影

e.g.an action flick動(dòng)作片

2.relevant

①adj.相關(guān)的；切題的

e.g.Relevant documents were presented in court.

法庭上出示了相關(guān)的文件。

②adj.有價(jià)值的；有意義的

e.g.Her novel is still relevant today.

她的小說(shuō)今天仍有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

探究視角3：文化拓展

綠皮書(shū)

《綠皮書(shū)》是由彼得·法拉利執(zhí)導(dǎo)，維果·莫特森、馬赫沙拉·阿里主演的劇情片，該片于2018年9月11日在多倫多國(guó)際電影節(jié)首映；2019年3月1日在中國(guó)內(nèi)地上映。該片改編自真人真事，講述了意裔美國(guó)人保鏢托尼，他被聘用為世界上優(yōu)秀的爵士鋼琴家唐開(kāi)車。鋼琴家將從紐約開(kāi)始舉辦巡回演奏，倆人之間開(kāi)始了一段跨越種族、階層的友誼?！毒G皮書(shū)》成功地刻畫(huà)了有色人種所面臨的那些困境，這不僅會(huì)發(fā)生在南部腹地，也會(huì)發(fā)生在像紐約市這種地方。

參考譯文

奧斯卡的影響力已經(jīng)減弱

《綠皮書(shū)》？奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的投票者將這部講述黑人鋼琴家和他的白人硬漢司機(jī)之間友誼的故事評(píng)選為了2018年最佳影片。這部電影很煽情，影評(píng)人對(duì)它得獎(jiǎng)很是冷嘲熱諷。然而，與其說(shuō)這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)是一種不太常見(jiàn)的不公正，不如說(shuō)是為了強(qiáng)化一種趨勢(shì)。奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)越來(lái)越多地被頒給了那些很快就被遺忘的影片。

電影的質(zhì)量取決于觀眾的主觀感受。但是，我們可以更客觀地衡量其影響。IMDb是一個(gè)資源密集型的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，統(tǒng)計(jì)了每部電影在后續(xù)電影和電視節(jié)目中的引用次數(shù)。例如，《卡薩布蘭卡》被引用了超過(guò)1，600次，包括《當(dāng)哈利遇見(jiàn)莎莉》中的一段討論和《真實(shí)羅曼史》中的一幅海報(bào)。

數(shù)據(jù)是參差不齊的：80年代的電影被引用的次數(shù)是40年代的四倍。但是，觀眾同樣的偏愛(ài)很可能適用于某一年的所有電影。因此，一部電影的文化影響力大致可以用以下方法來(lái)衡量：數(shù)一數(shù)它在隨后的幾年中被引用的次數(shù)，然后將其與同一年內(nèi)的其他所有電影被引用的次數(shù)進(jìn)行比較。

幾十年前，最佳影片提名通常是最有影響力的電影里面的一部。1939年出品的影片中68%都引用了《亂世佳人》（獲獎(jiǎng)影片）和《綠野仙蹤》（提名影片）。一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)模型顯示，在20世紀(jì)50年代，最佳影片獎(jiǎng)得主有20%的可能成為被引用最多的電影。

隨著《星球大戰(zhàn)》、暑期大片和續(xù)集的上映，情況發(fā)生了變化。自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，被引用最多的電影都是商業(yè)電影。奧斯卡投票者通常不會(huì)選這類電影；他們真正喜歡的電影在商業(yè)上不太成功，因此在文化上也不那么重要。今年的最佳影片獎(jiǎng)得主只有2%的可能成為被引用最多的電影。現(xiàn)在的投票者對(duì)《黑豹》（已被引用151次）和藝術(shù)電影《羅馬》不屑一顧，對(duì)文化影響力和評(píng)論界的好評(píng)嗤之以鼻。