王雪瑩 畢相東 董少杰 張樹(shù)林
摘 ? ?要:近年來(lái),隨著池塘養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化引起的藍(lán)藻水華已成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,藍(lán)藻水華產(chǎn)生的微囊藻毒素污染因其毒性效應(yīng)而引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。為研究底泥中微囊藻毒素與關(guān)鍵水化指標(biāo)間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,本試驗(yàn)在藍(lán)藻爆發(fā)盛期循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)殖尾水循環(huán)渠中,設(shè)置3個(gè)采樣點(diǎn),每2 d采樣1次,共進(jìn)行10 d,分別分析底泥中微囊藻毒素(MC-RR、MC-LR)含量和水化指標(biāo)(TN、TP、COD)。結(jié)果表明,試驗(yàn)期間水中TN、TP、COD含量的變化范圍依次為0.26~0.66,0.23~0.60,6.23~7.86 mg·L-1;MC-RR、MC-LR以及MCs含量的變化范圍依次為0.53~0.86,0.01~0.68,0.87~1.34 μg·g-1;MC-RR與TN、TP、COD正相關(guān),與N/P負(fù)相關(guān),MC-LR與TN、TP、COD、N/P負(fù)相關(guān),MCs與TP正相關(guān),與TN、COD、N/P負(fù)相關(guān),其中除MCs與TN相關(guān)關(guān)系顯著(P<0.05)外,其他相關(guān)關(guān)系均未達(dá)顯著水平(P>0.05)。
關(guān)鍵詞:養(yǎng)殖尾水循環(huán)渠;微囊藻毒素;底泥;水化指標(biāo)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):S964.3; S949 ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.06.003
Abstract: ?In recent years, with the increasing development of pond aquaculture, cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication have become a severe issue, in which the microcystin pollution causing by cyanobacterial blooms has attracted much attention due to their toxic effects. To study the correlations between microcystin content in sediment and key hydration factors of aquaculture tailwater, the experiment was conducted at the peak of cyanobacterial outbreak, three sampling points were set up and sampled once every 2 days for 10 days, the content of microcystin in sediment (MC-RR, MC-LR) and the key hydration factors (TN, TP, COD) were determined. The results showed that the contents of TN, TP and COD in water varied from 0.26 to 0.66 mg·L-1, from 0.23 to 0.60 mg·L-1, and from 6.23 to 7.86 mg·L-1, respectively. The contents of MC-RR, MC-LR and MCs varied from 0.53 to 0.86 μg·g-1, from 0.01 to 0.68 μg·g-1, and from 0.87 to 1.34 μg·g-1, respectively. MC-RR was positively correlated with TN, TP, COD and negatively correlated with N/P, MC-LR was negatively correlated with TN, TP, COD, and N/P, MCs was positively correlated with TP, but negatively correlated with TN, COD, and N/P , in which the correlation between MCs and TN was significant(P<0.05) but other correlations were not significant (P>0.05).
Key words: circulating ditch of aquaculture tail water; microcystin; sediment; hydration indices
近年來(lái),隨著養(yǎng)殖水平的不斷提高,我國(guó)池塘養(yǎng)殖模式不再是單一的“進(jìn)水渠-養(yǎng)殖池溏-排水渠”的方式,而是逐步向更高效更多元化的養(yǎng)殖形式發(fā)展,其中循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖模式就是一種代表。循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)是通過(guò)一系列水處理單元將養(yǎng)殖池中產(chǎn)生的廢水處理后再次循環(huán)回用的模式。已有研究報(bào)道[1-3],循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖模式有增產(chǎn)、降低氮磷等營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽含量、降低浮游動(dòng)植物的生物量等多重優(yōu)點(diǎn)。當(dāng)由養(yǎng)殖水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化引起的藍(lán)藻水華[4-5]爆發(fā)時(shí),藍(lán)藻門(mén)的某些藻類(lèi)尤其是微囊藻(Microcystis)會(huì)向水體中釋放大量的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)MCs)是藍(lán)藻水華造成的主要危害之一[6]。MCs對(duì)水生動(dòng)物有強(qiáng)烈的毒害作用,可以顯著抑制其胚胎發(fā)育、生長(zhǎng)及繁殖,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至導(dǎo)致其大規(guī)模死亡[7-8]。但目前對(duì)MCs含量分布情況主要集中在自然湖泊、河流和池塘養(yǎng)殖中[9-11],對(duì)新型的循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)中MCs含量變化情況研究甚少。