• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure changes in older patients with essential hypertension receiving monotherapy or dual combination antihypertensive drug therapy

    2019-06-01 04:13:36PeiPeiLUXuMENGYingZHANGYanQiLIShuWANGLiShengLIUWenWANGYuLingLIYuQingZHANGAiHuaHUXianLiangZHOULiHongMA
    Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年4期

    Pei-Pei LU, Xu MENG, Ying ZHANG, Yan-Qi LI, Shu WANG, Li-Sheng LIU,Wen WANG, Yu-Ling LI, Yu-Qing ZHANG, Ai-Hua HU, Xian-Liang ZHOU, Li-Hong MA

    1Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    2Clinical Trial and Research Center, Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Chinese Hypertension League, Beijing, China

    3Xinjiekou Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China

    4Department of Tr aditional Chinese Medicine, Fu wai Hospital, Nati onal Center for Cardi ovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Med ical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Abstract Objective To evaluate the differences in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in older patients with hypertension treated with the five major classes of antihypertensive drugs, as monotherapy or dual combination therapy, to improve daytime and nighttime BP control.Methods We enrolled 1920 Chinese community-dwelling outpatients aged ≥ 60 years and compared ambulatory BP values and ambulatory BP control (24-hour BP < 130/80 mmHg; daytime mean BP < 135/85 mmHg; and nighttime mean BP < 120/70 mmHg), as well as nighttime BP dip patterns for monotherapy and dual combination therapy groups. Results Patients' mean age was 71 years, and 59.5% of patients were women. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) constituted the most common (60.3% of patients) monotherapy, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers combined with CCBs was the most common (56.5% of patients) dual combination therapy. Monotherapy with beta-blockers (BB) provided the best daytime BP control. The probabilities of having a nighttime dip pattern and nighttime BP control were higher in patients receiving diuretics compared with CCBs (OR = 0.52, P = 0.05 and OR = 0.41, P = 0.007, respectively). Patients receiving RAS/diuretic combination therapy had a higher probability of having controlled nighttime BP compared with those receiving RAS/CCB (OR= 0.45, P = 0.004). Compared with RAS/diuretic therapy, BB/CCB therapy had a higher probability of achieving daytime BP control (OR =1.27, P = 0.45). Conclusions Antihypertensive monotherapy and dual combination drug therapy provided different ambulatory BP control and nighttime BP dip patterns. BB-based regimens provided lower daytime BP, whereas diuretic-based therapies provided lower nighttime BP, compared with other antihypertensive regimens.

    J Geriatr Cardiol 2019; 16: 354-361. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.04.005

    Keywords: Aging; Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Antihypertensive drugs; Beta-blockers; Diuretics

    1 Introduction

    Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become a valuable tool to assess blood pressure (BP) because it provides more accurate blood pressure assessment and better prognosis for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with office BP.[1,2]Another advantage of ABPM is that it provides nighttime BP measurements and identifies nighttime BP dipping, which are both more closely associated with future cardiovascular complications than daytime BP, in population-based trials.[3,4]Previous trials have also reported that lowering nighttime BP with antihypertensive drugs may improve cardiovascular prognosis.[5,6]

    The benefits of antihypertensive drugs in terms of preventing cardiovascular events are well established in patients with hypertension, based on several clinical trials reporting the BP-lowering effects of these drugs, assessed using office BP.[7]A previous systematic review evaluating differences in antihypertensive treatment-induced changes between office BP and ambulatory BP showed that the measured treatment effect was greater with office BP than with ambulatory BP.[8]However, data are limited for ambulatory BP changes in patients with hypertension treated with different classes and combinations of antihypertensive drugs based on recommended by international guidelines to achieve BP targets.

    Nighttime BP is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes.[4,9]However, few studies have evaluated the optimal treatment to control nighttime BP, and abnormal nocturnal BP is more prevalent in older than in younger patients.[10,11]Therefore, we aimed to investigate differences in ambulatory BP, especially nighttime BP, in older patients with hypertension treated with monotherapy vs. dual combination therapy with antihypertensive drugs.

    2 Methods

    2.1 Patients

    The Beijing Hypertension League Institute developed a new BP management tool that uses ABPM and home BP monitoring with remote BP monitoring technology to improve BP control in Chinese patients with hypertension. The development of this tool was funded by the Chinese Ministry of Sciences and Technology and supported technologically by Kang Information Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing,China). The devices were approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration.

    This study involved 58 centers in 16 provinces of China,and was performed from April 2017 to August 2018. We recruited 15000 patients aged ≥ 60 years who had ABPM data and defined monotherapy and dual combined antihypertensive drug therapy regimens. Among the 15000 potential patients, we enrolled community-dwelling outpatients to undergo 24-h ABPM if they had an office BP ≥140/90 mmHg or were taking antihypertensive drugs (n =1920, combined). We excluded patients with disability, dementia, and conditions for which their physicians considered them unsuitable to participate in the study. To avoid the effect of metabolic disorders, we included only patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18 kg/m2in the final analyses. All included patients were encouraged to measure their BP at home. At the same time, this study protocol was approved by the ethics committees in each center. All patients provided informed consent.

    2.2 BP measurements

    Following complete physical examinations, we asked patients to measure their 24-h ABPMs using the ABPM device that we provided (KC2300A; Kang Information Technology Co., Ltd.), which were programmed to record BP at 15-minute intervals during the day and at 30-minute intervals during the night. The default daytime hours were from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm, and the default nighttime hours were from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am. The ABPM devices were equipped with a General Packet Radio Service wireless transmission module that transmitted BP values in real time to the Hypertension Management Cloud Platform using mobile internet. The Cloud Platform stored and analyzed the ABPM data and then created standardized analysis reports.We asked patients to perform their usual daily activities and to return the following morning to have the device removed.We also asked patients to keep their arm still during cuff inflation.

    To account for patients' nighttime involuntary movements, ABPM records were considered valid if there were more than 80% successful systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) recordings in the 24-h period. Daytime and nighttime durations were defined according to patients'self-reported times for waking and retiring.

    Nocturnal dip was defined as the relative decline in mean nighttime SBP compared with mean daytime values. We defined patients with extreme dip, expected dip, no dip, and risers as > 20%, 10%-20%, 0%-10%, or < 0% relative decline,respectively. Among patients receiving antihypertensive treatment, those with a mean daytime BP < 135/85 mmHg,mean 24-h BP < 130/80 mmHg, and mean nighttime BP <120/70 mmHg were considered to have controlled BP.

    2.3 Statistical analysis

    Data were presented as means ± SD for continuous variables and as percentages for categorical variables. Differences in BP values between different drug classes and for dual combinations of these classes were assessed by oneway analysis of variance. We performed post-hoc analyses using the Bonferroni method to compare differences between any two groups and the χ2test to analyze differences between categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed to assess the odds ratios (ORs) of the association between the different antihypertensive drugs and combination therapies, and the BP dip pattern and BP control after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. We used SPSS software for Windows (version 22.0, IBM SPSS, Inc., Armonk, NY) for all statistical analyses, and two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    3 Results

    3.1 Patient characteristics

    The included 1920 patients had a mean age of 71 years,59.5% were women, and 164 patients (8.5%) received no antihypertensive drugs. Among treated patients, 1243 patients (64.7%) were receiving monotherapy with an antihypertensive drug, while 513 (26.7%) were taking dual combination therapy. The mean 24-h, daytime, and nighttime BPs were similar between the monotherapy group and the dual combination therapy group (Table 1).

    3.2 Differences between antihypertensive drug class

    Seventy-seven patients were taking beta-blockers (BBs),namely, metoprolol (66.2%) and bisoprolol (27.3%). In the diuretic-treated group, 29 (64.4%) patients were taking hydrochlorothiazide, and 16 patients (35.6%) were taking indapamide as monotherapy. The main angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were perindopril (25.0% of patients),fosinopril (22.5%), enalapril (21.3%), benazepril (18.8%),and captopril (11.3%). The main angiotensin receptor blockers were valsartan (32.3% of patients), irbesartan(24.4%), telmisartan (18.2%), and losartan (16.8%). The largest group receiving monotherapy comprised patients treated with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (n = 750),namely, amlodipine (58.1% of patients), nifedipine (33.6%),and felodipine (6.4%).

    Table 2 shows the mean BPs, circadian BP patterns, and BP control rates in groups stratified by the five major drug classes. Although patients treated with antihypertensive drugs had significant BP reduction compared with untreated patients, different drug classes were associated with different BP-lowering effects. Patients treated with BBs had lower BP for all BP categories and better daytime BP control (59.7% of patients), but a lower percentage of patients had a dip pattern (16.9%) compared with other monotherapies. For nighttime BP, patients treated with diuretics had the highest rate of nighttime BP control (33.3%) and tended to have a dip pattern (33.3%), whereas CCB-treated patients had the lowest rate of nighttime BP control (18.0%).

    Compared with the diuretic group, patients treated with all other antihypertensive drug classes tended to have lower probabilities of having a dip pattern, and patients treated with BBs had the lowest probability (OR = 0.38, 95% CI:0.16-0.91), as shown in Figure 1A. Regarding BP control,BBs had better effects on daytime BP control compared with diuretics (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.04-4.73) (Figure 2A),while diuretics were more likely to increase nighttime BP control compared with the CCB group (OR = 0.41, 95% CI:0.21-0.79; diuretic group as reference) (Figure 2B).

    3.3 Differences between dual combination therapies

    We analyzed data for 513 patients taking dual combination therapy, namely, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers/BB: 55 patients; RAS/diuretics: 80 patients; RAS/ CCB:290 patients; and BB/CCB: 88 patients. We excluded patients receiving CCB/diuretics, BB/diuretics, and α-blockerbased combinations because of low patient numbers (each therapy included less than 20 patients).

    Table 3 shows the mean BPs, circadian BP patterns, and BP control rates in patients stratified by the different dual combination therapies. Antihypertensive dual combination therapy significantly lowered office and ambulatory BP.Among the four combinations, patients treated with RAS/CCB had higher ambulatory BP, and patients treated with BB/CCB had lower daytime BP, compared with othergroups. Although there was no significant difference in the percentage of patients with a dip pattern between the four groups, patients treated with RAS/BB tended to have lower probabilities of having a dip pattern compared with other dual combination therapy groups (Figure 1B).

    Table 1. Patients’ characteristics stratified according to monotherapy or dual combination antihypertensive therapy.

    Table 2. Differences in blood pressure values and control rates stratified by the different classes of antihypertensive drugs.

    Figure 1. Associations between monotherapy and dual combination antihypertensive drug therapy, and the probability of a nighttime blood pressure dip pattern. (A): Dip pattern for each drug class; and (B): dip pattern with dual combination therapy. Diuretics and RAS/D were used as the reference group for the monotherapy groups and dual combination groups, respectively. RAS therapy included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BB: beta-blockers; CCB: calcium channel blockers; DD/D: diuretics; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; OR: odd ratio;RAS: renin-angiotensin system.

    Significant differences in ambulatory BP control were seen between the dual combination therapy groups. In Table 3, patients treated with BB/CCB had higher probabilities of achieving daytime BP control and a higher control rate(55.7%). [OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.69-2.35 (Figure 2C), with RAS/diuretics as the reference group] Patients with RAS/D were more likely to have controlled nighttime BP compared with patients treated with other dual combinations (OR =0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.78 for RAS/CCB; and OR = 0.24,95% CI: 0.09-0.62 for RAS/BB; both compared with RAS/diuretics) (Figure 2D).

    Figure 2. Associations between monotherapy and dual combination antihypertensive drug therapy, and the probability of controlled blood pressure. (A): Daytime BP control (< 135/85 mmHg) for each drug class; (B): nighttime BP control (< 120/70 mmHg) for each drug class; (C): daytime BP control with dual combination therapy; and (D): nighttime BP control with dual combination therapy. Diuretic therapy and RAS/D therapy were used as the reference groups for the monotherapy and dual combination groups, respectively. RAS therapy included angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BB: beta-blockers; BP: blood pressure; CCB: calcium channel blockers; DD/D: diuretics; OR: odd ratio; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.

    Table 3. Differences in blood pressure values and control rates stratified by the different dual antihypertensive combinations.

    4 Discussion

    Our results showed that even with similar ambulatory BP,differences in BP dip patterns and ambulatory BP control occurred in older patients treated with different classes of antihypertensive drugs and their dual combinations. Although patients treated with BBs had lower BPs compared with other monotherapy groups, these patients' nighttime BP was difficult to lower, with these patients showing lower probabilities of having a dip pattern and nighttime BP control. In contrast, patients receiving only diuretics were more likely to have a dip pattern and controlled nighttime BP.Among patients receiving dual combination therapy, patients receiving BB/CCB had lower ambulatory BP and higher probabilities of daytime BP control, whereas patients receiving RAS/diuretics had higher probabilities of having a dip pattern and nighttime BP control, both compared with the RAS/BB combination.

    Recommendations vary in different international hypertension guidelines for selecting optimal antihypertensive drug classes and different class combinations for patients with hypertension. The European guidelines[2,12]recommend the five major classes of antihypertensive drugs (diuretics,BBs, CCBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor- blockers) for initial treatment, mainly considering the drug BP-lowering effects regardless of drug class. However, the latest American College of Cardiology(ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines[13]changed from a strong preference for thiazide diuretics[14]to a wide consideration of the four major classes, as recommended in the European guidelines, except for BBs.Because most patients require two or more drugs to achieve the target BP, the ACC/AHA guidelines recommend combining different classes for initial treatment. The European guidelines recommend all possible combinations of the five major classes of drugs except the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/RAS combination. The ACC/AHA guidelines recommend combination therapy, but do not specify the possible class combinations.

    The main benefits of antihypertensive drugs in preventing cardiovascular events are attributed to lowered BP.[2]Although a large number of clinical trials have compared the BP-lowering effects of different monotherapy[15-18]or dual combined therapy,[19,20]information is limited regarding the effects of the major drug classes and their combinations on daily ABPM changes in older patients, and no studies have evaluated remotely-monitored ABPM. In a previous trial,[21]comparing the difference between office BP and ambulatory BP in patients receiving monotherapy,results showed differences for ambulatory BP, but no differences for office BP, among the five major drug classes.The authors of the trial also reported that patients receiving CCBs had higher ambulatory BPs, blunted nighttime BP dip,and less BP control compared with patients receiving diuretics. However, in our trial, we found similar ambulatory BPs among patients receiving the four major classes except in those receiving BBs, and patients receiving only CCBs had less nighttime BP control compared with patients receiving diuretics. In addition, diuretic therapy increased the probabilities of an abnormal BP dip status and nocturnal BP control, while BB therapy was associated with a blunted nocturnal BP dip. Our results were consistent with a previous prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol on nighttime BP response.[22]

    There is little direct evidence available to compare the effects of BP reduction and cardiovascular outcomes between different antihypertensive combination regimens because most trials used monotherapy as their initial intervention. The Avoiding Cardiovascular Events through Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial is the only trial that directly assessed the relative efficacy of dual combination therapy.The trial evaluated RAS/CCB and RAS/diuretic combinations from the beginning of the trial, and showed lower rates of cardiovascular events with RAS/CCB therapy without noticeable differences in mean office BP. However, in our trial, patients treated with RAS/CCB had higher ambulatory BP and poorer BP control compared with other dual combination therapy groups, while patients receiving RAS/diuretics had better nighttime BP control compared with patients receiving RAS/CCB. A possible explanation for the BP-lowering difference between the ACCOMPLISH trial and our trial is that the effects of antihypertensive drugs on ambulatory BP may not match the effects on office BP, as shown in a previous meta-analysis.[8]Another possible reason is that our trial was not a prospective randomized controlled trial, and the drug dose and individual patient differences may have confounded our results.

    4.1 Limitations

    There are several limitations in our study. Firstly, this was an observational study without baseline BP information,which can influence both selection of the initial antihypertensive drugs and patients' BP values. Secondly, the lack of data for clinical factors that may influence drug class selection, namely, comorbidities and medication doses and frequency of administration. Last but not least, patients in our trial were exclusively older Chinese patients; therefore, our results might not apply to younger patients and other ethnic groups. However, our trial evaluated patients aged ≥ 60 years with hypertension, and age is the most important risk factor affecting BP values and comorbidities in this group.Moreover, we found no significant difference in patients'demographics when comparing the results of monotherapy or dual combination therapy.

    To our knowledge, ours is the first study to evaluate the different BP-lowering effects of the major antihypertensive drug classes and monotherapy vs dual combination therapy using ABPM data from a remote monitoring system transmitting real-time BP values. Our results suggested that diuretic therapy had greater effects on nighttime BP control,and that BB-based therapies had greater effects on daytime BP compared with newer antihypertensive drug classes.

    4.2 Conclusion

    Patients treated with monotherapy or dual combined antihypertensive drugs have different ambulatory BP control and nocturnal BP dip patterns. BB-based regimens provided better daytime BP reduction, whereas diuretic-based therapies provided better nocturnal BP control and dip status compared with other antihypertensive regimens. Our results showed that older classes of antihypertensive drugs are not inferior to the newer classes in achieving better BP control.

    Acknowledgments

    We thank Kang Information Technology Co., Ltd. for providing the ABPM devices and technological support.This study was supported by a grant from the Chinese Ministry of Sciences and Technology (2016YFC1300100). The authors had no conflicts of interest to disclose.

    www.自偷自拍.com| 精品第一国产精品| 国产精华一区二区三区| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 91麻豆av在线| 女警被强在线播放| 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 一级黄色大片毛片| 脱女人内裤的视频| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | 色综合站精品国产| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 在线观看66精品国产| 亚洲全国av大片| 9191精品国产免费久久| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | 国产97色在线日韩免费| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 黄色视频不卡| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 国产午夜福利久久久久久| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 国产精品二区激情视频| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 丁香六月欧美| 高清在线国产一区| www国产在线视频色| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 制服诱惑二区| cao死你这个sao货| 满18在线观看网站| 日韩大码丰满熟妇| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 大型av网站在线播放| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 国产成人精品在线电影| 长腿黑丝高跟| 91精品三级在线观看| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 亚洲国产高清在线一区二区三 | www国产在线视频色| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 夜夜爽天天搞| 一夜夜www| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 国产不卡一卡二| 无遮挡黄片免费观看| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 午夜精品在线福利| av在线天堂中文字幕| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 琪琪午夜伦伦电影理论片6080| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 午夜福利,免费看| 精品国产美女av久久久久小说| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 日本五十路高清| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 色老头精品视频在线观看| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| 精品高清国产在线一区| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 国产伦一二天堂av在线观看| 色综合婷婷激情| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 黄色丝袜av网址大全| 一卡2卡三卡四卡精品乱码亚洲| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 国产成人影院久久av| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 亚洲精华国产精华精| cao死你这个sao货| 亚洲人成电影观看| 99久久国产精品久久久| 中出人妻视频一区二区| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频 | 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址 | 久热这里只有精品99| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 黄色女人牲交| 亚洲第一青青草原| 啦啦啦 在线观看视频| 国产一区二区激情短视频| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 亚洲第一青青草原| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 久久中文看片网| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久 | 一边摸一边做爽爽视频免费| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 在线观看www视频免费| 欧美日韩黄片免| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 美女大奶头视频| 岛国视频午夜一区免费看| 成在线人永久免费视频| 久久亚洲真实| 操出白浆在线播放| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 啦啦啦观看免费观看视频高清 | 国产黄a三级三级三级人| 日韩欧美免费精品| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 日本三级黄在线观看| 9色porny在线观看| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 黄色成人免费大全| 亚洲成人久久性| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 变态另类丝袜制服| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 满18在线观看网站| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 久久 成人 亚洲| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 精品久久久久久,| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 国产黄a三级三级三级人| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 午夜精品在线福利| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看| 久久精品91蜜桃| 97碰自拍视频| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 午夜久久久在线观看| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 国产高清videossex| 亚洲国产欧美网| 久久香蕉精品热| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 久热这里只有精品99| 国产三级黄色录像| 色播亚洲综合网| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区 | 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 丝袜美腿诱惑在线| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 三级毛片av免费| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 国产aⅴ精品一区二区三区波| 免费在线观看日本一区| 在线观看66精品国产| 搡老岳熟女国产| 久久久国产成人精品二区| svipshipincom国产片| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 久99久视频精品免费| 老司机福利观看| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 9191精品国产免费久久| 国产一区二区三区视频了| av视频免费观看在线观看| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 老司机靠b影院| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 十八禁网站免费在线| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 国产成人欧美在线观看| 淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 在线天堂中文资源库| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 欧美日韩精品网址| 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 欧美最黄视频在线播放免费| 搞女人的毛片| 日韩免费av在线播放| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 曰老女人黄片| 国产精品影院久久| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 精品日产1卡2卡| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 久久久久久人人人人人| 99re在线观看精品视频| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 日本a在线网址| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 亚洲国产中文字幕在线视频| 9191精品国产免费久久| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 午夜福利欧美成人| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 亚洲人成电影观看| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 一本综合久久免费| 此物有八面人人有两片| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 久久久久久久精品吃奶| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 人人澡人人妻人| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 日韩精品青青久久久久久| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 国产成人av教育| 91老司机精品| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 色在线成人网| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看 | 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 9热在线视频观看99| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 在线天堂中文资源库| 青草久久国产| 日本在线视频免费播放| 天天一区二区日本电影三级 | 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 大码成人一级视频| 国产亚洲精品综合一区在线观看 | 国产成人影院久久av| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 成人手机av| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 欧美日韩精品网址| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 欧美日韩中文字幕国产精品一区二区三区 | 悠悠久久av| 国产91精品成人一区二区三区| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 国产激情久久老熟女| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 免费观看精品视频网站| 不卡一级毛片| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 免费在线观看亚洲国产| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| 免费看美女性在线毛片视频| 久久这里只有精品19| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 亚洲男人天堂网一区| 午夜免费激情av| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 欧美成人午夜精品| 国产蜜桃级精品一区二区三区| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 夜夜爽天天搞| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| netflix在线观看网站| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 色综合站精品国产| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 窝窝影院91人妻| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 国产精品二区激情视频| 日韩有码中文字幕| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 亚洲中文字幕一区二区三区有码在线看 | netflix在线观看网站| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 久久精品影院6| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 国产1区2区3区精品| 久久久久亚洲av毛片大全| 亚洲九九香蕉| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类 | 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 精品久久久精品久久久| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 欧美日韩乱码在线| 精品日产1卡2卡| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 1024视频免费在线观看| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 亚洲 欧美 日韩 在线 免费| 国产精品免费一区二区三区在线| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 黄色视频不卡| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 色播在线永久视频| 村上凉子中文字幕在线| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 变态另类丝袜制服| 午夜老司机福利片| 美国免费a级毛片| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 精品国产亚洲在线| 变态另类丝袜制服| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 精品国产国语对白av| 美女免费视频网站| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| 久久久久久人人人人人| 免费高清视频大片| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 成人精品一区二区免费| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 一级,二级,三级黄色视频| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 琪琪午夜伦伦电影理论片6080| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| www国产在线视频色| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 美女大奶头视频| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 一级黄色大片毛片| 亚洲中文av在线| 老司机午夜福利在线观看视频| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 变态另类丝袜制服| 老司机午夜十八禁免费视频| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 在线免费观看的www视频| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 手机成人av网站| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 成人手机av| 亚洲av五月六月丁香网| 深夜精品福利| 国产麻豆69| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看 | 99香蕉大伊视频| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 两性夫妻黄色片| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 夜夜躁狠狠躁天天躁| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 亚洲色图av天堂| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 在线播放国产精品三级| 色在线成人网| 一级作爱视频免费观看| 黄色成人免费大全| 免费观看人在逋| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 在线av久久热| 亚洲精品在线美女| 亚洲av熟女| 久久 成人 亚洲| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 国产精品免费视频内射| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 99在线视频只有这里精品首页| 日韩国内少妇激情av| 久久久久久国产a免费观看| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 此物有八面人人有两片| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 亚洲国产精品999在线| 久9热在线精品视频| 成年版毛片免费区| 久久久久久久午夜电影| 国产激情久久老熟女| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 亚洲av五月六月丁香网| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 中文字幕人成人乱码亚洲影| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 精品福利观看| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 人人澡人人妻人| av欧美777| 国产麻豆69| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 亚洲国产欧美网| 亚洲中文av在线| 国产1区2区3区精品| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 99久久久亚洲精品蜜臀av| 久久亚洲真实| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 校园春色视频在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 久久久久国内视频| 国产精品乱码一区二三区的特点 | √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 波多野结衣高清无吗| 91国产中文字幕| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 看免费av毛片| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 在线av久久热| 18禁观看日本| 一区二区三区精品91| 激情在线观看视频在线高清| 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 悠悠久久av| 亚洲人成电影观看| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 午夜免费鲁丝| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 91麻豆av在线| av中文乱码字幕在线| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 大型av网站在线播放| 咕卡用的链子| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 久久人妻av系列| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 欧美中文日本在线观看视频| 91字幕亚洲| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 久久精品国产综合久久久| 黄色视频不卡| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 国产区一区二久久| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 日韩高清综合在线| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 欧美激情极品国产一区二区三区| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| avwww免费| 色av中文字幕| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| tocl精华| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 又大又爽又粗| 一级黄色大片毛片| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| tocl精华| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| 国产麻豆69| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色 | 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 日韩欧美免费精品| 精品久久久精品久久久| 成在线人永久免费视频| 欧美日本视频| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 久久久久九九精品影院| 欧美日韩黄片免| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| x7x7x7水蜜桃| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 麻豆一二三区av精品| 天天添夜夜摸| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区|