福建冬青屬二新種

何國生

(福建林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院，福建 南平 353000)

1 泰寧冬青

Ilex tainingensis G. S. He, sp. nov. (sect. Paltoria (Ruiz et Pavon) Maxim., ser. Crassinoides (Loes.) S.Y. Hu) (圖 1: A～F)

The species is similar to Ilex sugerokii Maxim., but the young branchlets with terra brown short hair, no angular and sulcate, leaf ovate or ovate-elliptic, corolla orchid, pyrenes surface has thin stripes and a sulcate in the middle of the back. So it has obvious difference from I. sugerokii Maxim.

Shrubs, evergreen, ca. 2—3 m tall. Dia.2—3 cm, young branchlets terra brown short hair, no angular and sulcate, leaf ovate or ovate-elliptic, 2.8—4 × 2.3—3 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glabrous except on midvein, midvein flat abaxially, raised adaxially, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, obscure on both surfaces, base rotundity; sparsely serrate, apex obtuse or acute. The midrib above is slightly uplifted and with 4 to 6 pairs of lateral veins which is not obvious at the back. The two sides of the stockwork are also not obvious. The petiole is 2 to 3 mm long with defiled gray hair and a groove. The flower is hermaphrodite. The staminate flower has solitary axillary and they are born in the current-year branches, pedicels 1.5 to 1.8 cm,bracteoles 2 in the middle part. The flower is about 6 mm in diam. The flower has 4 pedals which are wide,corolla orchid, round, about 2 mm long. The sepals of staminate flower have 4 triangular lobes. The flower has 4 stamens and is about 2.5 mm long. The calyx and corolla structure of pistillate flower is similar to the staminate flower whose ovary is nearly cylindrical with discoid stigma and 4 stamens in the side. fruit red,globose, 5 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 1.3—1.8 cm; persistent calyx explanate, ca. 3 mm in diam., persistent stigma point; pyrenes 4, nearly three-prismatic, oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., surface has thin striate and a sulcate in the middle of the back. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Nov-Dec.

Fujian (福建)：Sanming (三明), Taining (泰寧), Zhukou (朱口鎮(zhèn)), alt. 350 m, in forest, 2013-12-08, G. S.He (何國生) 2013016, fruit is red. (holotype Herbarium of Fujian Forestry Vocational Technical College,FFTVC).

常綠灌木，高2～3 m，直徑2～3 cm；1～2年生幼枝圓柱形，具灰褐色短毛，無棱槽，葉片革質(zhì)，寬卵圓形，長2.8～4 cm，寬2.3～3 cm，先端急尖，基部圓形，邊緣疏生4～5個淺鋸齒，兩面綠色，無毛，上面有光澤，中脈在上面干時略隆起，側(cè)脈4～6對，在背面不明顯，網(wǎng)狀脈兩面均不明顯；葉柄長2～3 mm，被污灰色短毛，上面有凹槽?；s性，單生葉腋，生于當年生枝上，花梗長1.5～1.8 cm，中部貼生有條形2小苞片；花直徑約6 mm，花瓣淡紫色，花萼4裂，裂片三角形；花瓣4片，寬圓形，長約2 mm，基部稍合生；雄蕊4個，長約2.5 mm；雌花的花萼與花冠構(gòu)造同雄花；子房近圓柱形，柱頭盤狀，側(cè)生4個雄蕊。果近球形；直徑約5 mm，成熟時變紅色；分核4，近三棱形，長約4 mm，寬2.5～3 mm，表面具細條紋，背后中部有一凹槽?；ㄆ?～6月，果熟期11～12月。

本種與太平山冬青Ilex sugerokii Maxim.相似，但本種葉寬卵圓形，雄花與兩性花均單生葉腋，果梗短，分核4，表面具細條紋，背后中部有一凹槽，可以區(qū)別。

2 南平冬青

Ilex tainingensis G. S. He, sp. nov. (sect. Aquifolium Gray, ser. Denticulatae S.Y. Hu) (圖 2: A～D)

The species is similar to I. subficoidea S. Y. Hu, but differs in its fruit oval，smooth (not densely tuberculate), and pyrenes top have two sharp corner. It’s interesting species. The fruit all pyrenes top have two sharp corners, which differ from pyrenes of genus Ilex other species.

Evergreen trees, to 10 m. Twigs ridged, yellowish-grey, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petioles 7—9 mm,glabrous, grooved; leaf blades elliptic to oblanceolate-elliptic, 6—9 × 2—2.5 cm, coriaceous, lucid, base cuneate, margin crenuate, slightly revolute, apex acuminate, glabrous, midrib impress above, elevated beneath,lateral veins 7—9 pairs on each side of the midvein, nested near the margin, inconspicuous beneath. Staminate inflorescence not seen. Pistillate inflorescence solitary cymes, axillary, 1-4-flowered; peduncle sessile or to 1 mm; pedicel in fruit 1—1.2 cm. Flowers unseen. Fruit ellipsoid, maturing red, ca. 1 cm long, 8—9 mm wide,smooth; persistent calyx 4, semicircle, ca. 1 × 2 mm, margin ciliate, persistent style thinly discoid, ca. 1 mm high, 4-lobed. Pyrenes 4 per fruit, 8—9 mm long, 5—6 mm broad, trigonal-ellipsoidal, with two acute angles on upper tips, transverse section V-form, irregularly rugose and pitted, adaxilly concave, abaxilly prominent,endosperm stony. fr. Nov-Dec.

Fujian(福建): Nanping (南平), Yanping(延平), Mangdang Mountain (茫蕩山), alt.1100 m, in forest.2011-11-15, G. S. He (何國生) 2011001, fruit red. (holotype Herbarium of Fujian Forestry Vocational Technical College, FFTVC, isotype IBSC).

本種與細枝冬青Ilex tsangii S.Y. Hu區(qū)別在于本種的葉緣有鋸齒，果實直徑較長，分核較大，與擬榕葉冬青Ilex subficoidea S. Y. Hu區(qū)別在于本種的果為橢圓形，較大，表面光滑無腺點，果梗長于1 cm，每分核上端有2個尖角，易于區(qū)別。這是個很有意思的種，果實每分核上端各有2個尖角，與其他冬青屬的種區(qū)別明顯。

常綠喬木，高可達10 m，胸徑達20 cm；小枝黃綠色，無毛，有棱脊；冬芽頂端尖。單葉互生，葉革質(zhì)，光亮，長橢圓形或倒披針狀橢圓形，長6～9 cm，寬2～2.5 cm；頂端漸尖，基部楔形；邊緣微反卷，疏生9～11對銳鋸齒；兩面無毛，上面中脈凹陷，下面中脈隆起，側(cè)脈7～9對，隆起，在近葉緣處網(wǎng)結(jié)；葉柄長7～9 mm，上面有溝槽?；ㄎ匆?。果1～4個簇生于葉腋，總果梗長約1 mm或近無；果橢圓形，紅色，長約1 cm，直徑8～9 mm，果梗長1～1.2 cm；宿存柱頭淺盤狀，高約1 mm；分核4，三棱形，長8～9 mm，寬5～6 mm，兩面有網(wǎng)紋和洼槽，背面中央凹下，腹面中央隆起，每分核上端有2個尖角，內(nèi)果皮石質(zhì)。果熟期11～12月。

圖1 泰寧冬青Fig. 1 Ilex tainingensis

圖2 南平冬青Fig. 2 Ilex nanpingensis