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    英語中反義疑問句的用法

    2019-04-25 00:19:26
    閱讀與作文(英語高中版) 2019年3期
    關(guān)鍵詞:情態(tài)陳述代詞

    1. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I,而句子又用來征詢對方的意見時,附加疑問句中的主語用you。如:

    I find English very interesting, dont you?

    I dont like that film, do you?

    2. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代詞時,附加疑問句中的主語通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主語,具有否定概念時。如:

    Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they?

    Everyone enjoyed the party, didnt they?

    Nobody wants to go there, does he?

    3. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時,附加 疑問句中的主語一般用it,不用they。如:

    Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?

    Nothing is kept in good order, is it?

    Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it?

    4. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this, that或these, those時,附加疑問句中的主語分別用it和they。如:

    This is important, isnt it?

    That isnt correct, is it?

    These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they?

    5. 如果陳述部分是以代詞one作主語,附加疑問句中的主語在正式場合用one,非正式場合用you,在美國英語中,在非正式場合還可以用he。如:

    One cant be too careful, can one?或can you?

    One should do his duty, shouldnt he?

    6. 如果陳述部分用Im…結(jié)構(gòu),附加疑問部分一般用arent I。如:

    I am strong and healthy arent I。

    7. 當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時,附加疑問句中的主語也用there。如:

    Theres no help for it, is there?

    Theres something wrong, isnt there?

    8. 陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時,附加疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。如:

    Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

    Few people know him, do they?

    She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

    如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴,那么,該陳述部分作肯定處理,附加疑問部分一般仍用否定形式。如:

    He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?

    Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he?

    9. 當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時,附加疑問部分一般應(yīng)與主句的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系。如:

    She says that I did it, doesnt she?

    I told them not everybody could do it, didnt I?

    但當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是I,謂語是think, believe, suppose, expect這類動詞時,附加疑問部分則往往與從句中的主語和謂語動詞保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系,但要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。

    I suppose that hes serious isnt he?

    I dont think she cares, does she?

    10. 當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句,附加疑問句則需和就近的分句的主語和謂語一致。如:

    Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he?

    11. 在由“祈使句+附加疑問”構(gòu)成的附加疑問句中,附加疑問部分一般用will you, wont you, would you,有時也可用can you, cant you, why dont you, could you等。如:

    Dont open the door, will you?

    Give me some cigarettes, can you?

    Take a rest, why dont you?

    但是,以lets開頭的祈使句,附加疑問部分用shall we;以let us開頭的祈使句,如果含義是allow us,不包括聽話人在內(nèi),疑問部分用will you。如:

    Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we?

    Let us go out for a rest, will you?

    12. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞must表示“必須”時,疑問部分用mustnt。如:

    You must work hard next term, mustnt you?

    I must answer the letter, mustnt I?

    但若表推測這層含義時,不能用must,而要根據(jù)陳述部分的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)(即must之后的動詞)以及含義采用相應(yīng)的動詞形式。如:

    You must have made a mistake, havent you?

    They must have seen the film last week, didnt they?

    He must be in the library, isnt he?

    13. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動詞used to時,疑問部分可用usednt或didnt。如:

    The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或usednt he?

    Tom used to live here, usednt he?或didnt he?

    14. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞ought to時,疑問部分用oughtnt或shouldnt。如:

    He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he?

    We ought to read this book, oughtnt we?或shouldnt we?

    15. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有had better時,疑問部分用had。

    如:Youd better finish your homework now, hadnt you?

    16. 感嘆句后的附加疑問句的謂語動詞需用be的現(xiàn)在時,且常用否定形式。如:

    What a clever boy, isnt he?

    What a lovely day, isnt it?

    17. 陳述句子中的主語為動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或其他短語時,疑問部分的主語通常用it。如:

    Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it?

    Between six and seven will suit you, wont it?

    Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

    18. 在口語和非正式文體中,為了加強(qiáng)語氣,只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答,這時前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:

    Oh, he is a writer, is he?

    Youll not go, wont you?

    19. 陳述句中的謂語動詞是wish,表示愿望時用may,且用肯定形式。如:

    I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?

    20. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有表示“所有”含義的動詞have(has)時,疑問部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:

    You have a new bike, havent you(或dont you)?

    She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she?

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