李俊濤 郭志斌 陳志超 保澤慶 王敏 鄭克勤
[摘要] 目的 探討膽固醇酯轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(CETP)基因I405V多態(tài)、1696G/A多態(tài)與辛伐他汀調(diào)血脂效果的相關(guān)性。方法 選取2008年2月~2010年6月于廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院治療的血脂異?;颊?33例,采用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長度多態(tài)(PCR-RFLP)方法檢測I405V和1696G/A多態(tài)的基因型頻率分布情況,并比較各基因型之間的各項(xiàng)血脂水平在辛伐他汀調(diào)脂治療前后的變化。 結(jié)果 I405V多態(tài)II、IV及VV基因型分別為63例、101例和69例,1696G/A多態(tài)GG、GA及AA基因型分別為167例、45例和21例。辛伐他汀治療后,II型患者三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)及極低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(VLDL-C)水平的下降幅度最為明顯(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型患者各項(xiàng)血脂水平變化量比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 辛伐他汀調(diào)血脂效果與CETP基因I405V多態(tài)相關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膽固醇酯轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白;血脂異常;辛伐他汀;三酰甘油;低密度脂蛋白
[中圖分類號(hào)] R589.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)01(b)-0127-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the association between the lipid-regulating effect of Simvastatin with I405V and 1696G/A polymorphisms in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene. Methods Two hundred and thirty-three cases of patients with dyslipidemia treated in Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from February 2008 to June 2010 were selected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to detect the genotype frequency distribution of I405V and 1696G/A polymorphisms, and the change of each blood-fat index among different genotypes was compared before and after Simvastatin treatment. Results The distribution of II, IV and VV genotype of I405V polymorphism were 63 cases, 101 cases and 69 cases respectively. The GG, GA and AA genotype distribution of 1696G/A polymorphism were 167 cases, 45 cases and 21 cases respectively. After Simvastatin treatment, the decline of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in II genotype patients was the most obvious (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the change of blood lipid levels among all kinds of 1696G/A genotype patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion The effect of Simvastatin on blood lipid is related to the I405V polymorphism of CETP gene.
[Key words] Cholesteryl ester transfer protein; Dyslipidemia; Simvastatin; Triacylglycerol; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
辛伐他汀通過抑制膽固醇的合成,促進(jìn)血液內(nèi)低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)與極低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(VLDL-C)的清除,為血脂異?;颊叱S玫慕抵愃幬颷1-2]。流行病學(xué)研究表明,辛伐他汀對(duì)血脂異?;颊叩恼{(diào)脂效果存在個(gè)體差異[3-5]。膽固醇酯轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(CETP)為膽固醇逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過程中的關(guān)鍵因子,其主要功能是促進(jìn)膽固醇酯(CE)從高密度脂蛋白(HDL)流向極低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),后者進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榈兔芏戎鞍祝↙DL)再經(jīng)LDL受體途徑在肝內(nèi)被清除。因此作為影響膽固醇代謝的關(guān)鍵因子,CETP基因是可影響他汀類藥物調(diào)血脂效果的易感性基因之一[6-8]。I405V多態(tài)位于CETP基因第14外顯子,此位點(diǎn)A/G的轉(zhuǎn)變可致使第405位的異亮氨酸(I)變?yōu)槔i氨酸(V),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致血漿CETP活性下降[9-10]。CETP基因1696G/A多態(tài)位于3′端非編碼區(qū)的polyA位點(diǎn)上游92 bp,即cDNA第1696位,1696G/A多態(tài)通過降低mRNA的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)而影響CETP活性[11]。以上研究結(jié)果提示CETP基因I405V、1696G/A多態(tài)可能影響他汀類藥物調(diào)血脂效果。本研究篩查了CETP基因I405V、1696G/A多態(tài)在血脂異?;颊叩姆植记闆r,并進(jìn)一步探討了辛伐他汀調(diào)血脂效果與兩個(gè)多態(tài)的相關(guān)性。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2008年2月~2010年6月于廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院治療的血脂異?;颊?33例,其中男107例,女126例,平均年齡(65.44±0.76)歲,合并原發(fā)性高血壓1級(jí)患者172例,吸煙者75例(15~20支/d)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患者均屬血脂異常危險(xiǎn)中危層,符合藥物治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):住院前1個(gè)月內(nèi)服用過調(diào)血脂類藥物者;合并冠心病、糖尿病、嚴(yán)重肝腎疾病、腫瘤、近期感染史、手術(shù)或外傷史者?;颊咦≡汉蟠稳掌鸱眯练ニ。ㄉ綎|魯抗醫(yī)藥集團(tuán)賽特有限責(zé)任公司,批號(hào):080112)進(jìn)行調(diào)脂治療,治療4周(20 mg/d)。合并高血壓患者,調(diào)脂治療期間服用對(duì)血糖、血脂等代謝無明顯影響的鈣拮抗劑類藥物來降低血壓。采集患者治療前后的外周靜脈血各5 mL(均禁食12 h),以上血液標(biāo)本采集均經(jīng)本人知情同意。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 DNA提取及血脂檢測? 用蛋白酶K消化-飽和氯化鈉鹽析法提取患者血液白細(xì)胞DNA。檢測患者治療前后的血脂指標(biāo),包括:膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、LDL-C、VLDL-C、HDL-C等。
1.2.2 PCR擴(kuò)增? 根據(jù)GeneBank中AF027656序列并參照相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[11-12]設(shè)計(jì)引物,由上海生工生物工程公司(Sangon)合成。I405V多態(tài)上游引物:5′-CTCACCATGGGCATTTGATTGCAGAGCAGCTCCGACTCC-3′,下游引物:3′-AAAGGTGAAATGGGAAGCTCTGTCA-GCCTCGG-5′。1696G/A多態(tài)上游引物:5′-TCTCTCCTACTGCCCCTCCCTT-3′,下游引物:3′-GAAGAAGGACTCCGCAGCTCTT-5′。擴(kuò)增體系為50 μL:含PrimeSTARTMHS Premix制品25 μL[由寶生物工程(大連)有限公司生產(chǎn),內(nèi)含DNA Polymerase、Buffer、dNTP Mixture、Mg2+];引物1 μL(上下游各0.5 μL,終濃度0.25 μmol/L);DNA模板2 μL(70~100 ng);滅菌水22 μL。PCR參數(shù):冷啟動(dòng),94℃預(yù)變性5 min,98℃變性10 s,60℃退火15 s,72℃延伸30 s,30個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃延伸10 min。
1.2.3 限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(RFLP)分析? I405V多態(tài)PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物,用Tth111I限制性內(nèi)切酶65℃酶切10 h;1696G/A多態(tài)PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物,用NlaIII限制性內(nèi)切酶37℃酶切10 h。酶切產(chǎn)物均取15 μL經(jīng)1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,UV-2100凝膠分析系統(tǒng)鑒定基因型。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
用Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律檢驗(yàn)樣本的代表性,運(yùn)用SPSS 17.0軟件對(duì)患者治療前的基線血脂水平及治療后的血脂水平變化量作單因素方差分析、Post Hoc多重比較,調(diào)整混雜因素用協(xié)方差分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 I405V、1696G/A多態(tài)PCR-RFLP分析
I405V多態(tài)各基因型電泳結(jié)果為:II型電泳條帶為159 bp;IV型為159 bp、122 bp、37 bp(片段小跑出凝膠,故圖中未顯示);VV型為122 bp、37 bp。1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型電泳結(jié)果為:GG型為298 bp;GA型為298 bp、184 bp、114 bp;AA型為184 bp、114 bp。
2.2 基因型分布與Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡檢驗(yàn)
在233例血脂異?;颊咧校琁405V多態(tài)II、IV和VV型分別為63例、101例和69例;1696G/A多態(tài)GG、GA和AA型分別為167例、45例和21例。I405V多態(tài)基因型頻率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡(χ2 = 3.57,P > 0.05),1696G/A多態(tài)基因型頻率分布則不符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡(χ2 = 30.87,P < 0.05)。
2.3 治療前I405V和1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型血脂基線水平比較
治療前,I405V多態(tài)各基因型TG和TC的基線水平組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05、P < 0.01),進(jìn)一步多重比較結(jié)果顯示II型患者的TG水平明顯高于IV型和VV型(P < 0.05);且II型患者TC水平也顯著高于IV型和VV型(P < 0.01)。見表1。1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型HDL-C水平組間比較差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01),與GA型和AA型患者比較,GG型患者HDL-C水平最低(P < 0.01)。見表2。
2.4 治療后I405V和1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型血脂水平變化量比較
治療后,I405V多態(tài)各基因型患者血漿TG、TC、LDL-C及VLDL-C的下降幅度比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),II型患者TG、TC、LDL-C及VLDL-C水平的下降幅度較IV型和VV型更為明顯(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),見表3。1696G/A多態(tài)各基因型患者各項(xiàng)血脂水平變化量比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。
3 討論
他汀類藥物調(diào)脂效果與CETP基因多態(tài)的關(guān)聯(lián)性報(bào)道多集中在Taq IB和-629C/A多態(tài)兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)[13-15]。本研究選取了可能影響血漿CETP活性的CETP基因I405V和1696G/A兩個(gè)位點(diǎn),對(duì)這兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)與辛伐他汀調(diào)脂效果的關(guān)聯(lián)性進(jìn)行了探討。
在本研究結(jié)果中,辛伐他汀治療前,I405V多態(tài)II型患者TG、TC的基線水平都明顯高于IV型和VV型患者(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),此結(jié)果提示,在血脂異常患者中,II型患者繼發(fā)心血管疾病的概率可能高于IV和VV型患者。對(duì)于1696G/A多態(tài),GA和AA型患者血漿HDL-C的基線水平顯著高于GG型患者(P < 0.01),此結(jié)果提示,血脂異?;颊逜等位基因攜帶者繼發(fā)心血管疾病的概率可能要低于GG型患者。當(dāng)然考慮到1696G/A多態(tài)基因型頻率分布并不符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡,此結(jié)論也需要擴(kuò)大樣本量做進(jìn)一步的研究。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)辛伐他汀治療后,I405V多態(tài)各基因型患者TG、TC、LDL-C及VLDL-C水平變化量比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),相較于IV型和VV型患者,II型患者TG、TC、LDL-C及VLDL-C水平的下降幅度更為明顯,此結(jié)果提示II基因型患者對(duì)辛伐他汀的調(diào)血脂效果要更為敏感,這與壽峰勤等[12]的研究結(jié)論相似,但在Kolovou等[16]及Li等[17]的研究中卻并未發(fā)現(xiàn)I405V多態(tài)與他汀類藥物調(diào)脂效果的關(guān)聯(lián)性。在本研究中未發(fā)現(xiàn)1696G/A多態(tài)與辛伐他汀調(diào)血脂效果相關(guān)聯(lián)。
CETP基因多態(tài)影響他汀類藥物調(diào)脂效果的機(jī)制尚不明確[18-19],故I405V多態(tài)與他汀類藥物調(diào)脂效果的研究目前仍存在爭議。有研究表明載脂蛋白E(APOE)基因的ε4等位基因可能影響I405V多態(tài)的功能[20],由此推斷,APOE基因ε4等位基因的攜帶與否,有可能是目前I405V多態(tài)與他汀類藥物調(diào)脂效果存在爭議的主要原因之一,當(dāng)然也不排除受試者遺傳背景和環(huán)境等因素的影響。
綜上所述,辛伐他汀調(diào)脂效果與CETP基因I405V多態(tài)有相關(guān)性,但其影響機(jī)制尚待進(jìn)一步研究證明。此外本研究結(jié)果存在一定的局限,如篩查樣本量較小、選擇CETP基因多態(tài)位點(diǎn)也較少等,故對(duì)本項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果的解釋應(yīng)充分考慮這些因素。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]? Kakara M,Nomura H,F(xiàn)ukae M,et al. Population pharmacodynamic analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering effects by statins and co-medications based on electronic medical records [J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol,2014,78(4):824-835.
[2]? Pajohanfar NS,Mohebbi E,Hosseini-Bandegharaei A,et al. Simvastatin prevents morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in mice [J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2017,93:406-411.
[3]? Gelissen IC,Mclachlan AJ. The pharmacogenomics of statins [J]. Pharmacol Res,2014,88(9):99-106.
[4]? Teramoto T,Daida H,Ikewaki K,et al. Lipid-modifying efficacy and tolerability of anacetrapib added to ongoing statin therapy in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia [J]. Atherosclerosis,2017,261:69-77.
[5]? Orsoni A,Thérond P,Tan R,et al. Statin action preferentially enriches HDL3 in polyunsaturated phospholipids and plasmalogens in atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia:relevance to enhanced reduction of LDL-derived phospholipid hydroperoxides to inactive hydroxides [J]. J Lipid Res,2016, 57(11):2073-2087.
[6]? Luzum JA,Theusch E,Taylor KD,et al. Individual and Combined Associations of Genetic Variants in CYP3A4,CYP3A5,and SLCO1B1 With Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid Plasma Concentrations [J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2015,66(1):80-85.
[7]? Lauer ME,Graff-Meyer A,Rufer AC,et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins does not require a ternary tunnel complex with CETP [J]. J Struct Biol,2016,194(2):191-198.
[8]? Blauw LL,de Mutsert R,Lamb HJ,et al. Serum CETP concentration is not associated with measures of body fat:The NEO study [J]. Atherosclerosis,2016,246:267-273.
[9]? Bustami J,Sukiasyan A,Kupcinskas J,et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)I405V polymorphism and cardiovascular disease in eastern European Caucasians-a cross-sectional study [J]. BMC Geriatrics,2016,16:144.
[10]? Karimpour F,Mohammadzadeh G,Kheirollah A,et al. Association of I405V polymorphism of colesteryl ester transfer protein gene with coronary artery disease in men with type 2 diabetes [J]. ARYA Atheroscler,2016,12(2):68-75.
[11]? Tamminen M,Kakko S,Kesniemi YA,et al. A polymorphic site in the 3′ untranslated region of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)gene is associated with low CETP activity [J]. Atherosclerosis,1996,124(2):237-247.
[12]? 壽峰勤,金軼,楊小英.膽固醇酯轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白I405V多態(tài)位點(diǎn)與辛伐他汀對(duì)血脂異?;颊哒{(diào)脂療效的關(guān)聯(lián)性[J].中國生化藥物雜志,2014,34(3):48-51.
[13]? Vargasalarcon G,Perezmendez O,Herreramaya G,et al. CETP and LCAT Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Acute Coronary Syndrome [J]. Lipids,2018,53(2):157-166.
[14]? Lin S,Dai R,Lin R. A meta-analytic evaluation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)C-629A polymorphism in association with coronary heart disease risk and lipid changes [J]. Oncotarget,2016,8(2):2153-2163.
[15]? Rashid S,Sniderman A,Melone M,et al. Elevated cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)activity,a major determinant of the atherogenic dyslipidemia,and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in South Asians [J]. Eur J Prev Cardiol,2015,22(4):468-477.
[16]? Kolovou G,Kolovou V,Mihas C,et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 genotype alter the atorvastatin and simvastatin efficacy: time for genotype-guided therapy?[J]. Angiology,2013, 64(4):266-272.
[17]? Li Q,Huang P,He QC,et al. Association between the CETP polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer′s disease,carotid atherosclerosis,longevity,and the efficacy of statin therapy [J]. Neurobiol Aging,2014,35(6):13-23.
[18]? Ference BA,Kastelein JJP,Ginsberg HN,et al. Association of Genetic Variants Related to CETP Inhibitors and Statins With Lipoprotein Levels and Cardiovascular Risk [J]. Jama,2017,318(10):947-956.
[19]? Shimada A,Kimura H,Oida K,et al. Serum CETP status is independently associated with reduction rates in LDL-C in pitavastatin-treated diabetic patients and possible involvement of LXR in its association [J]. Lipids Health Dis,2016,15:57.
[20]? Sundermann EE,Wang C,Katz M,et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotype modifies the effect of apolipoprotein ε4 on memory decline in older adults [J]. Neurobiol Aging,2016,41:200.e7-200.e12.
(收稿日期:2018-03-30? 本文編輯:羅喬荔)