英文摘要

TheCountermeasuresfortheSafetyProductionAccidentsintheExploreofOilandGasField(1)

Xiong Yunshi Ding Hailing Xiao Hu

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the basic characteristics，the prevention and control planningcharacteristics and the control characteristics of project contractors for the recentsafety production accidents are summarized. Research results showed that the causes of accidents are mainly due to the problems in the risk prevention and control planning, contractor management and execution. Thus, the countermeasures for the prevention and control of future safety risks are proposed, strengthen the risk prevention and control planning in high-risk operations, strengthen theprocess safety risk prevention and control, strengthen the contractor management, and strengthen the leadership development.

KEYWORDSoil and gas field; safety production accident; accident characteristics; risk prevention and control; contractor; execution

ProgressontheMinmizationTechnologyofHighWaterContetOilySludge(5)

Zhang Zhena1， 2Jiang Zhongmin3Tong Kun1， 2

(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumPollutionControl； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 3.CNPCLiaoheOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTHigh-water-based oily sludge generated from petroleum industry has received great attention for the high transportation cost， the large disposal place and the difficulty in treatment. It is pointed out that the dry reduction of sludge is the most direct， economical and efficient measures for the utilization and non-hazardous disposal of high-water-based oily sludge. This paper reviewed the current high-water-based oily sludge drying technologies from the aspects of technical principles and applications， including thermal drying technology， superheated steam injection technology， and new drying technologies such as microwave drying， electro-kinetic drying， and fry-drying. The principle， research examples， advantages and disadvantages of various methods are revealed in details， which provide a powerful theoretical and practical reference for the treatment of high water-based oily sludge.

KEYWORDSoily sludge； minimization； drying

ResearchProgressesandApplicationsontheCO2SwitchableSolventsandSurfactants(9)

Liu Jia1， 2Xie Jiacai1Chen Jinfu2Xu Yu1， 3Sun Jingwen1， 3Shi Zhipeng1， 2

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(Beijing)； 3.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumandPetrochemicalPollutantControlandTreatment)

ABSTRACTCO2switchable solvents and surfactants are a new type of smart agents that can reversibly change their chemical properties when CO2is introduced and discharged. In this paper， the switching mechanism of four types of CO2switching surfactants was presented； also， the research progresses and switching mechanisms three types of CO2switching surfactants in the sulfhydryl system， sulfhydryl system and amine system were analyzed. The applications of CO2switching solvents and surfactants in oil extraction， nanomaterials preparation， emulsion polymerization， oil-bearing soil remediation， intelligent drug delivery and gene carrier were discussed. Moreover， the issue and research trends of the switch-type organic solvents were discussed， following with the prospects of the switching solvents future development.

KEYWORDSCO2switching solvent； CO2switching surfactant； application； prospect

TheEffectandCountermeasureofGreenMineEstablishmentinChangqingOilfield(14)

Liao Jian1Liu Xiaobing1Yang Jie2Wang Xia3Cao Haiwei4Gao Fei1

(1.ChinaPetroleumChangqingOilfieldQualitySafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionDivision； 2.PetroChinaChangqingOilfieldSeventhOilProductionPlant； 3.TheThirdOilProductionPlantofPetroChinaChangqingOilfield； 4.TheNinthOilProductionPlantofPetroChinaChangqingOilfield)

ABSTRACTThe establishment of green mines is a key promotion project of China and the Petro-China Company Limited. It is of great significance for promoting the high-quality green development of oil and gas fields. Since the start of the green mines creation in Changqing Oilfield in 2017， several development zones have been checked and accepted by the state， provinces， municipalities and PetrChina Company Limited， and achieved good results. In this paper， with the practice of the green mines in Changqing Oilfield， some specific practices and achievements were summarized in the creation of top-level design， benchmarking analysis， and implementation of measures. Details of the solutions to improve the creation mechanism， standard procedures， and fund creation were proposed.

KEYWORDSChangqing Oilfield； green mine； effectiveness； countermeasure

ExperimentalStudyontheDischargeTreatmentProcessofCoalbedMethaneProducedWater(18)

Li Xiumin1Yun Jian1Wang Zhansheng1Chen Xi1Hu Huanyu2Li Ying1Wang Lei3Li Yanlong3

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.PetroChinaCBMCo. ，Ltd. ； 3.ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporationBohaiPetroleumEquipmentManufacturingCo. ，Ltd. )

ABSTRACTIn the process of coalbed methane mining， a large amount of produced water will be produced. In this paper， some conventional and emerging coalbed methane produced water treatment methods were discussed， and the aerated biological filter treatment method was carried out in the eastern of HuBei province. The results showed that the wasted water after the treatment can meet the “SurfaceWaterEnvironmentalQualityStandards” GB 3838—2002 Class V standard and “YellowRiverBasin(ShaanxiSection)IntegratedWastewaterDischargeStandard” DB 61/224—2011 Primary standard. The CODCrremoval rate is 50%—60%， ammonia nitrogen can be reduced to the detection limit， less than 0.04 mg/L. The optimal hydraulic retention time is 6.7 h (flow rate 23 L/h)， and the treatment cost can be reduced to less than 3 yuan per m3. It is suggested that the construction of the station should be planned in advance to ensure the centralized treatment of the subsequent produced water and reduction of the treatment cost.

KEYWORDScoalbed methane； produced water； biological aerated filter； hydraulic retention time

ComparativeStudyonBiodegradationCharacteristicsofCrudeOilbyAchromobaterspandPseudomonasFlavescens(22)

Xu Rongde1， 2Wan Yunyang1， 2， 3Chen Jianfa1， 2Wang Xiaomei4Su Jin4

(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumResourcesandProspecting，CollegeofGeoscience，ChinaUniversityofpetroleum(Beijing)； 2.BeijingKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasPollutionControl； 3.ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development； 4.ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development)

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of Achromobatersp (SLTHX114) and Pseudomonas flavescens (SLTHX214) on crude oil biodegradation were studied. The biodegradation simulation experiments of the crude oil from Tarim Oilfield were carried out at the constant temperature of 40℃ under the aerobic laboratory conditions. The biodegraded gas components， the crude oil components and biomarkers compounds were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the efficiency of crude oil degradation of G- strain SLTHX214 is higher than G+ strain SLTHX114. Strain SLTHX114 prefers to degrade the saturated hydrocarbons of crude oil during the oil biodegradation process， while the strain SLTHX214 tend to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons. Results from this study have certain significant for the soil oil pollution remediation and strain selection.

KEYWORDSbiodegradation； Achromobatersp； Pseudomonas flavescens； crude oil； soil remediation

ExperimentalStudyontheTreatmentofElectricDesalinationWastewaterbyElectricFlocculation(26)

Liu Yiyang Jiao Wei Zhang Hua

(CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTIn this study， the electric desalination waste water was pretreated by aeration and temperature regulation， following with the electrocoagulation for demulsification and degreasing. The experimental results showed that a certain amount of aeration can play the role of homogenization regulation， but excessive aeration will play an emulsification role. When the aeration time was 15min， the instability index was the largest， and the TOC was the largest， indicating that the stability of the system was changed by aeration process. The aeration process can effectively improve the treatment efficiency. The optimal the current density is 5 mA/cm2during the electro flocculation treatment. With the UV ultraviolet three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum， we can conclude that electro flocculation process could destroy the structure of the material which can effectively promote the remove of COD and turbidity in wastewater. in the pretreatment process a certain amount of heating and aeration can effectively improve the treatment efficiency， pretreatment + electric flocculation method can effectively remove the COD and turbidity of waste water.

KEYWORDSelectric desalination wastewater； aeration； electrocoagulation； emulsion degreasing

AnalysisoftheTreatmentEffectonMicro-vortexCoagulationforFracturingBackflowFluidsinGasField(31)

Fan Jing1， 2Liu Ning1， 2Zhu Yan1， 2Li Yan1， 2Jiang Jihui1， 2

(1.PetroChinaChangqingOilandGasTechnologyResearchInstitute； 2.NationalEngineeringLaboratoryforExplorationandDevelopmentofLowPermeabilityOilandGasFields)

ABSTRACTThe coagulation test was studied on skid-mounted micro-vortex coagulation device supplied with fracturing backflow fluids in gas field. The experimental results showed when the ratio of PAC to bentonite was 1∶1， the dosage was 500mg/L and dosing position at pipeline mixer， the coagulation was the best. The optimal dosage of coagulant PAM was 20 mg/L， and the optimum stirring time was 1min， with the dosing position at stirred tank. After the treating process of sagulationmixer， micro-vortex coagulation device and stirred tankd tank tankex. hrates of SS and oil reached 97.3% and 58.1%， respectively， and the viscosity can be reduced by 52.3%. The coagulation parameters such as the type of coagulation treatment agent， the dosage and the stirring time were studied， and the dosage of the treatment agent in the equipment was improved， which provides a basis for realizing the gas well fracturing and returning liquid without polluting the soil.

KEYWORDSFracturing backflow fluids in gasfield； Micro-vortex coagulation； coagulation treatment agent

StudyonGreenLowCarbonOptimizationofCrudeOilStabilizationSysteminZhongyuanOilfield(34)

Meng Xiangtao

(SinopecZhongyuanOilfieldBranchSafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionDivision)

ABSTRACTThe major joint stations in Zhongyuan Oilfield now have problems of low working load and poor efficiency， while the operation cost maintains a high level， and energy consumption and emission are huge. According to the principle of “compression scale， optimization process and improvement of system efficiency”， the paper analyzed and demonstrated the feasibility of replacing the current six joint station crude oil stabilization systems with a new 1 million tons crude oil stabilization system in Liuyu Oil Depot. The project can effectively solve the problems in the ground gathering system， improve the overall energy efficiency and promote the green enterprise action construction in Zhongyuan Oilfield.

KEYWORDSGreen low carbon； crude oil stabilization system； carbon emissions； energy efficiency

ExplorationandPracticeofAdvancedTreatmentofProducedWaterfromGasWellsinHigh-SulphurGasField(38)

Zhang Yuhui

(SafetyandEnvironmentalProtectionOffice，ZhongyuanOilfieldBranch)

ABSTRACTThis paper is mainly to explore the application of "two-stage desulfurization membrane advanced treatment" process for the treatment of produced water from gas wells in high sulfur gas fields， we explored the overall design process of gas well produced water when the pH is lower than 7.0. After the implementation of the project， the wastewater injection volume can be reduced by more than 80%， also， the environmental pollution of high-salt and high-sulfur gas production wastewater was deduced. We proposed a deep treatment technology for high-sulfur natural gas well wastewater， solved the problem of remote single well production wastewater emission and eased the pressure of reinjection. The application of the project will have a significant environmental benefits in oil and gas fields.

KEYWORDShigh sulfur gas field； production water； treatment process

TreatmentofLowOilySedimentsbyConditioning，AdsorptionandStabilizationMethod(42)

Wang Tianli Gui Zhaolong Han Xia Li Yaoyao

(SinopecEnergyandEnvironmentalEngineeringCo.Ltd. )

ABSTRACTThrough the synergistic action of adsorption， dispersion and fixation， the organic and heavy metals in sediments can be transformed into the state of insoluble and less migratory. For the sludge with oil content less than 5% and water content less than 60%， the technology can achieve large-scale and rapid treatment. The application scale of this technology to treat oily sludge in a sewage pond in Gudao is about 8 000 m3. The dosage of reagent is 10%， the curing time is more than 3 days， the oil content in the treated sediment is less than 2%， the ammonia nitrogen， pH and petroleum in the leachate meet the requirements of GB 8978—1996， and the COD removal rate is about 80%.

KEYWORDSoily sediments； conditioning； adsorption； stability

CentralizedTreatmentPracticeofDrillingandProductionWasteinSuligeGasField(46)

Sun Dajie Luo Pingkai Luo Biankeha Pan Qiwen Yang Jun Zhu Xiaojiang

(SinopecSouthwestPetroleumEngineeringCo.，Ltd.OilfieldEngineeringServiceBranch)

ABSTRACTThe drilling and production waste in Sulige Gas Field is large and scattered. The final products of the production wastewater and drilling fluid waste can be used for resource utilization after centralized treatment. The application of the concentrated waste resource disposal technology in the Sulige Gas Field shows that after the treatment， the drilling wastewater can reach the GB 18918—2002 Grade A standard and GB 18920—2002 green water standard. After partially reused in the well site， the treated water is used for the irrigation of the grassed in the park. Moreover， the treated water is used for the production of non-burned brick and the sintered brick， and the detection showed that the leachate from the bricks meet the GB 8978—1996 Grade I standard. The technology can effectively avoid the waste of water resources. Each well can save 6%-10% land area， the environmental protection benefits are greatly remarkable.

KEYWORDSwaste drilling fluid； centralized treatment； production wastewater； resource reuse

StudyonBiochemicalCombinedTreatmentofOilySludge(50)

Ren Peng1Zhao Min1Fan Jing1Liu Xiaojiang2Liu Peihua1

(1.OilandGasTechnologyResearchInstituteofPetroChinaChangqingOilfieldCompany； 2.OilfieldDevelopmentDepartmentofPetroChinaChangqingOilfieldCompany)

ABSTRACTThe process using microbial treatment for oily sludge in Changqing Oilfield is mature， but the long treatment time limits the industrial application of the technology. In this paper， a new treatment method combined with the microbial treatment and chemical treatment for oily sludge was studied. When treat the oil sludge from longdong oil field， mild chemical pretreatment can separate the crude oil from soil easily. With suitable bacteria or rationally constructing the flora， the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon can be effectively improved. After 2 months of effective treatment， the degradation rate of the experimental groups with oil content of 12.40% can reach up to over 96.71%.

KEYWORDSmicrobial chemical treatment； petroleum hydrocarbon degradation； changqing oilfield

EnvironmentalPollutionandPreventionMeasuresintheProcessofTransferandMeasurementofPipelineCrudeOil(54)

Chen Yu

(OilandGasStorageandTransportationCenterofZhongyuanOilfieldBranch)

ABSTRACTIn the process of metering and transferring crude oil， the environmental pollution problems such as crude oil， solid waste， air pollution and noise are involved. Based on the internal handover measurement method of Zhongyuan Oilfield， this paper analyzes the factors and causes that affect the environment during the handover measurement process， and proposes reasonable prevention measures according to the actual situation.

KEYWORDShandover measurement； crude oil； pollution

TheGridElectricDrillingApplicationinJidongOilfield(57)

Huo Zhiwei1Xu Wenbo2Ding Hailing2

(1.ExplorationandConstructionEngineeringDivisionofPetroChinaJidongOilfieldCompany； 2.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology)

ABSTRACTMost of the drilling sites in Jidong Oilfield are environmentally sensitive areas， which require strict control of noise and air emissions. By using grid electric drilling technology， the noise at the construction site is reduced to 85-90 dB(A)， the sulfur dioxide emission reduction is 79.625 t/a， the nitrogen oxide is 54.6 t/a， smoke dust is 11.47 t/a and greenhouse gas is 101 900 t/a. This project can save investment for 20 million yuan per year， achieving a double harvest of economic and social benefits.

KEYWORDSenvironmental protection； electric drilling； energy conservation and emission reduction

DiscussionontheRelevantIssuesofLandReclamationSchemeforOilandNaturalGasProjects(59)

Liu Yuan Wang Hongjuan Li Bin

(PetroChinaSouthwestOil&GasFieldCompany)

ABSTRACTLand reclamation is an important part of green mine construction in oil and gas exploitation industry. The land reclamation program is a technical basis for guiding the obligors of land reclamation to implement reclamation activities. Its objectivity， scientificity and practicability directly affect the effectiveness of land reclamation. Suggestions on land reclamation program for petroleum and natural gas projects are put forward from four aspects：suitability evaluation of land reclamation， objectivesand tasks of land reclamation， drawing up and investment estimation of land reclamation， which can be used as reference for land reclamation programmers.

KEYWORDSGreen mine； land reclamation； petroleum and natural gas

EnvironmentalPollutionPreventionandControlforOilandGasgatheringinRollingBlock(62)

Li Yong Zhu Shugan Liu Xinling Zhao Hua Hou Dongdong

(SinopecOilfield，ZhongyuanOilfield)

ABSTRACTSome remote blocks and scattered wells are far away from main blocks， from metering stations and oil pipeline networks. Crude oil production mode is adopted in wellsite storage tanks， tank truck transportation， and air emission of natural gas in production process causes environmental pollution. Tank truck pulling causes higher cost of crude oil pulling and reduces the benefit of oilfield development。In remote gas wells， natural gas is burned by torches because of the absence of natural gas pipelines， resulting in a lot of waste and environmental pollution。Through the application of gathering and skidding CNG (compressed natural gas) technology in oil and gas wells， the environmental protection problems in the production process of scattered wells are solved， the cleaner production is realized， the production cost is reduced， and the benefit development of oil wells is realized。

KEYWORDSgathering； rolling block； environmental pollution； prevention and control

WaterQualityCharacteristicsandTreatmentStatusofHydraulicFracturingEffluentduringShaleGasExploitationinChinaandtheUnitedStates(65)

Zhu Tao1Xue Zeyu1Niu Wenfeng1Hou Yiming3Ye Zefu3Xue Ming2

(1.InstituteofAtmosphericEnvironmentalManagementandPollutionControl，ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology(Beijing)； 2.StateKeyLaboratoryofPetroleumPollutionControl，CNPCResearchInstituteofSafetyandEnvironmentalTechnology； 3.GemengInternationalEnergyCo. )

ABSTRACTIn the process of shale gas mining， the discharge of hydraulic fracturing fluid is very large. In order to ensure the normal operation of the mining equipment and to induce reservoir cracks， we will use it during the hydraulic fracturing operation. In the case of fracturing fluids， we usually use fresh water. In addition， we also contain other clay stabilizers. In addition， there are fungicides， drag reducers， and what we often see in our lives. Surfactants and anti-scaling agents. This paper compares and analyzes the governance status and water quality characteristics of hydraulic fracturing and returning fluid during Sino-US shale gas mining. By comparison， it can be seen that high COD， difficult biodegradation， high TSS， large production， high TDS and complex composition， these are the characteristics of the return fluid， which is likely to affect the surface water and soil and even human health. At present， the treatment of the return liquid is also an important part. There are three most commonly used methods in this part. The first one is the deep well reinjection method. In addition， we often use the post-treatment efflux method. After each processing is completed， the processing is returned to the usage. In China， the treatment technology related to shale gas hydraulic fracturing and returning fluid is not mature， and some areas still use the petroleum industry to treat produced water. Part of the shale gas field is based on the foreign fracturing and returning liquid treatment technology， and the treatment process is formulated in combination with the self-discharge. China's shale gas mining is less， not only is the accumulation of relevant data on the basic requirements of hydraulic fracturing and returning water quality is not enough. After the returning liquid is recycled， the water treatment technology used for hydraulic fracturing is not yet mature， so its related water treatment theory， equipment research and development， and technology and process are all issues that need to be solved now.

KEYWORDShydraulic fracturing； shale gas； flowback； environmental impact

ResearchonDigitalEmergencyPlanforEmergencyEvents(71)

Li Na1Li Jiao2Sun Qingfeng3

(1.CNPCResearchInstituteofSafety&EnvironmentTechnology； 2.ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(Beijing)； 3.ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporation)

ABSTRACTIn recent years， the occurrence of unexpected incidents has seriously threatened the lives and property safety of the human. Contingency plan is an important mean to deal with emergency events. Whether emergency plans can help decision-makers make scientific emergency decisions quickly and effectively， and whether they can achieve effective emergency response in time has become the focus of attention of the state and government. The traditional emergency plan is still in the paper stage， and a series of disadvantages such as static state， low efficiency and poor operability are increasingly unable to adapt to the development of society. Firstly， this article sorts out and analyzes the typical digital emergency plan system at home and abroad， introduces the status quo of digital plan at home and abroad； secondly， it studies the general process of digital emergency plan development， including three steps：preparation beforehand， response in case， and recovery after event， a detailed explanation was presented. Finally， the framework of the digital plan was designed， including seven functional modules， not only the digital emergency plan shortens the preparation cycle of the emergency plan， it also makes the formulation and implementation of the plan reach the level of standardization and visualization， improving the operability of the plan. It can realize timely and effective emergency response under dynamic scenarios， and protect the people. The safety of life and property has important practical significance.

KEYWORDSemergencies； digital； contingency plan