“立體村莊”，米蘭設(shè)計周，米蘭，意大利

張軻及其團(tuán)隊根據(jù)歷年國土資源部公布的年度報告作了一項簡單的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)過去15年中國耕地面積急劇減少的狀況令人震驚：1996年到2010年全國耕地從19.51億畝減至約18億畝，中國減少的1.5億畝耕地將少養(yǎng)活1億人！

面對疾速膨脹的城市空間與疾速減少的耕地之間的矛盾，城市規(guī)劃師和建筑師們應(yīng)采取何種態(tài)度？未來10年國家對農(nóng)村的大量投資是否會再次加劇耕地的流失？標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造以質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度面對中國城市的過度擴(kuò)張，像東村這樣的典型的城市擴(kuò)張能否盡量保留更多耕地？能否通過村莊立體化減小城市化的壓力？能否恢復(fù)更多的農(nóng)田？“立體村莊”計劃是一個取消城市與農(nóng)村差別的計劃，每戶都有宅基地，而宅基地不再以“平方米”計算，取代它的是“立方米”，不管農(nóng)村還是城市，每戶都會分到一定立方米的巢穴空間，自建住房，可在房前屋后養(yǎng)雞養(yǎng)豬，山下可以耕種農(nóng)田。“立體村莊”是個多少有點幼稚的計劃，我們并不天真地認(rèn)為可以徹底解決城市化帶來的耕地短缺問題，只是希望借此計劃激起人們對于將城市“歸還”給鄉(xiāng)村的美好向往，向往城市與鄉(xiāng)村融合的遙遠(yuǎn)一天?！?/p>

Based on a preliminary study of data released by the Department of Land and Resource,Standardarchitecture has identified a significant shrinkage of arable land in China over the past 15 years: from 1996 to 2010 the area of arable land decreased from 1.95 billion mu to 1.8 billion mu, with the 150 million mu of lost land affecting the food production capacity for 100 million people

What kind of attitude should the architect take when faced with the paradox of land demand from both rapidly expanding cities and food-production to satiate an expanding population? Will the government's plan to develop rural areas accelerate the loss of arable land? Standardarchitecture takes an inquisitive attitude towards the excessive expansion of Chinese cities, questioning whether the urbanization of archetypical cities such as East Village can occur without sacrificing arable land,and looks into the possibility of vertical expansion to accommodate the growth of cities. The "Village Mountains" proposes a universal strategy for the co-existence of city and farmland, annulling the previous differentiation between the two. With the building extents allocated to each household by volume instead of land area, the residents are able to construct their homes inside the space of the nests, have poultry around the house, and descend the mountains to cultivate the farmlands. "Village Mountains" is a somewhat naive proposal, and we do not advocate it as a cure for all the issues of urbanization and land shortage. Instead, we want to revive in people a longing for a life closer to nature,and assert confidence in the future prospect of harmonious integration of the city and farmland.□

1-2 “立體村莊”于米蘭設(shè)計周/"Village Mountains" shown at Milano Design Week

明城墻遺址公園，北京Ming Dynasty City Wall and Cultural Park, Beijing

“岸”宅，蘇州，江蘇House Ben An Houses, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 2007

“新院子”萬科住宅，蘇州，江蘇"New Courtyard" Vanke Housing, Suzhou, Jiangsu

陽朔小街坊，桂林，廣西Yangshuo Storefronts, Guilin, Guangxi, 2004

空中院宅Staking Courtyards

中法藝術(shù)中心，武漢，湖北Sino-French Art Centre, Wuhan, Hubei, 2005

青城山石頭院，成都，四川Stone Courtyard Teahouse, Chengdu, Sichuan

“瘋狂小三角”社區(qū)公園，上海Dancing Triangles Park, Shanghai, 2006

雅魯藏布江小碼頭，林芝，西藏Yarlung Zangbo Boat Terminal, Nyingchi, Tibet

南迦巴瓦接待站，林芝，西藏Namchabarwa Lookout Point, Nyingchi, Tibet

大桑樹冥想臺，林芝，西藏Mulberry Tree Contemplation, Nyingchi,Tibet

格嘎溫泉概念，林芝，西藏Gega Spa, Nyingchi, Tibet

尼洋河游客中心，林芝，西藏Niyang River Visitor Centre, Nyingchi, Tibet

索松住宅，林芝，西藏Suosong House, Nyingchi, Tibet, 2013

尼洋河觀景臺，林芝，西藏Niyang River Vista Point, Nyingchi, Tibet

雅魯藏布江邊酒店，林芝，西藏

Yarlung Zangbo River Hostel, Nyingchi,Tibet

娘歐碼頭，林芝，西藏Niangou Boat Terminal, Nyingchi, Tibet

派鎮(zhèn)山頂酒店，林芝，西藏Pai Hotel, Nyingchi, Tibet

格嘎溫泉，林芝，西藏Gega Spa, Nyingchi, Tibet

雅魯藏布大峽谷藝術(shù)館，林芝，西藏Grand Canyon Art Centre, Nyingchi, Tibet, 2011

觀景臺，林芝，西藏Vista Point, Nyingchi, Tibet

西九龍?zhí)萏锬μ鞓?，香港Rice-field Skyscrapers, Hong Kong, 2007

非自然生長：未來城市概念裝置Unnatural Growing: Installation as a Concept for Futrure City, 2009

微雜院，北京"Micro Yuan'er", Beijing, 2014

城市下的蛋Eggs of the City

“蝸居”蛋，戴海飛Egg House, DAI Haifei

立體村莊，米蘭Village Mountains, Milan, 2012

勒·柯布西耶中心，上海Centre Le Corbusier, Shanghai, 2013

KTV蛋，深圳雙年展KARAOKE House, Shen Zhen, 2009

諾華上海園區(qū)辦公樓，上海Novartis Offce Building, Shanghai, 2016

“椅子”宅Eggchair-house, 2009

“樹塔”社會住宅，深圳Tree Tower Social Housing, Shenzhen

肖峰藝術(shù)館，杭州Xiao Feng Art Museum, Hangzhou

微胡同，北京Micro Hutong, Beijing, 2016

社會劇場宅，北京Social Theatre Housing, Beijing, 2013

共生院，北京Co-Living Courtyard, Beijing, 2016

上海汽車設(shè)計中心，上海Shanghai Auto City Design Studios,Shanghai

西藏地方手工藝工坊，林芝，西藏Tibet local crafts workshop, Nyingchi, Tibet

嘉定文化教育中心，上海Jiading Cultural & Education Centre,Shanghai

椅子的神氣，東京設(shè)計周，東京Shinki of Chairs, Tokyo Designer's Week, 2012

西安維勝研發(fā)中心，西安，陜西Xi'an Wisdom Product R&D Centre, Xi'an,Shannxi

“TOPO”沙發(fā)，銳馳出品"TOPO" Sofa, 2012

長城觀山臺，北京Great Wall Watch House, Beijing

Alessi“明”托盤"Ming" Tray for Alessi, 2012