How to work more efficiently

演說者：Eduardo Brice?o

精彩導(dǎo)讀

學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注目標(biāo)后，還要思考的是同樣的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，有人進(jìn)步速度飛快，有人收獲甚微不盡人意。那么，導(dǎo)致背后差異的原因是什么呢？同學(xué)們是否知道，我們的學(xué)習(xí)分為學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和表現(xiàn)區(qū)？如果你想獲得成功，必須是學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)的刻意練習(xí)，而非把大量時(shí)間花在表現(xiàn)區(qū)上。在本演講中，Eduardo告訴我們學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和表現(xiàn)區(qū)，借助具體事例，鼓勵(lì)我們多把時(shí)間花在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)，以取得穩(wěn)步的進(jìn)展。一起來讀，一起來思考吧！

閱讀立意

1.快讀抓住演講中的主要觀點(diǎn)；

2.品悟事例對(duì)論點(diǎn)的支撐作用；

3.體會(huì)論點(diǎn)間的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；

4.在閱讀文本中思考如何提高自己的學(xué)習(xí)。

Most of us go through life trying to do our best at whatever we do,whether it's our job,family,school or anything else.But some time ago,I realized that I wasn't getting much better at the things I cared most about，and I wasn't improving much at those things even though I was spending a lot of time working hard at them.I'd like to share with you some insights into why that is and what we can all do about it.

They go through life between two zones:the learning zone and the performance zone.Both of these zones should be part of our lives,but being clear about when we want to be in each of them,with what goal,focus and expectations,helps us better perform and better improve.The performance zone maximizes our immediate performance,while the learning zone maximizes our growth and our future performance.

The reason why many of us don't improve much despite our hard work is that we tend to spend almost all of our time in the performance zone.This hinders（阻礙）our growth,and ironically,over the long term,also our performance.

So what does the learning zone look like?Take Demosthenes,a political leader and the greatest orator（演說家）and lawyer in ancient Greece.To become great,he didn't spend all his time just being an oratoror or a lawyer,which would be his performance zone.But instead,he did activities designed for improvement.

Of course,he studied a lot.To speak more clearly,he went through his speeches with stones in his mouth.He built an underground room where he could practice without interruptions and not disturb other people.And since courts at the time were very noisy,he also practiced by the ocean,projecting his voice above the roar of the waves.His activities in the learning zone were very different from his activities in court,his performance zone.In the learning zone,he did what Dr.Anders Ericsson calls deliberate practice.It is this type of practice in the learning zone which leads to substantial improvement,not just time on task performing.We focus all our time on just doing our job,performing,which turns out not to be a great way to improve.

So the way to high performance is to alternate between the learning zone and the performance zone,purposefully building our skills in the learning zone,then applying those skills in the performance zone.

When Beyoncé is on tour,during the concert,she's in her performance zone,but every night when she gets back to the hotel room,she goes right back into her learning zone.She watches a video of the show that just ended.She identifies opportunities for improvement,for herself,her dancers and her camera staff.

And the next morning,everyone receives pages of notes with what to adjust,which they then work on during the day before the next performance.It's a spiral（螺旋形） to ever-increasing capabilities,but we need to know we want to spend time doing both,the more time we spend in the learning zone,the more we'll improve.

So how can we spend more time in the learning zone?First,we must believe and understand that we can improve,what we call a growth mindset.Second,we must want to improve at that particular skill.Third,we must have an idea about how to improve and what we can do to improve.And fourth,we must be in a low-stake situation（低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況）,because if mistakes are to be expected,then the consequence of making them must not be catastrophic（大災(zāi)難的）,or even very significant.

Realconfidence isaboutmodeling ongoing learning.Instead of spending our lives doing and performing,we should spend more time exploring,asking,listening,experimenting,reflecting,striving,so that our efforts can become more fruitful,our improvement never-ending and our best even better.Thank you.

閱讀掃障

I.熟詞生義

Ⅱ.詞匯積累

Vocabulary

1.interruption n.the act of interrupting sb/sth and of stopping them from speaking打擾；插嘴；打岔

2.disturb v.to interrupt sb when they are trying to work,sleep,etc.打擾；干擾；妨礙

3.alternate v.to make things or people follow one after the other in a repeated pattern使交替；使輪流

4.purposeful adj.having a useful purpose;acting with a clear aim and with determination有意義的；有目的的；堅(jiān)毅的；果斷的

5.identify v.to recognize sb/sth and be able to say who or what they are確認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；鑒定

6.staff n.all the workers employed in an organization considered as a group全體職工;雇員

Phrases

1.go through經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；仔細(xì)檢查；用完

2.care about對(duì)……感興趣；關(guān)心

3.even though即使;縱然

4.share with sb some insights與某人分享一些見解

5.the learning zone and the performance zone學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和表現(xiàn)區(qū)

6.maximize one's immediate performance最大限度地提高某人的即時(shí)表現(xiàn)

7.maximize one's growth and one's future performance最大化某人的成長和未來的表現(xiàn)

8.substantial improvement實(shí)質(zhì)性的改進(jìn)

9.turn out結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)

10.build one's skills培養(yǎng)某人的技能

11.on tour漫游中；周游（巡回）中

Ⅲ.難句分析

The reason why many of us don't improve much despite our hard work is that we tend to spend almost all of our time in the performance zone.盡管我們努力工作，但我們當(dāng)中的許多人并沒有取得多大的進(jìn)步，原因是我們傾向于把幾乎所有的時(shí)間都花在表現(xiàn)區(qū)。

在以the reason為中心詞的定語從句中，若定語從句缺少狀語，則關(guān)系詞用why或for which；若缺少賓語、表語和主語則關(guān)系詞用that或which。常構(gòu)成以下句型：

The reason is that...原因是……

The reason why...is that...……的原因是……句式仿寫

他缺席的原因是他病了。

多維閱讀

Ⅰ.Fast reading（One word for each blank）

Ⅱ.Careful reading

1.How does the lecturer support his opinion?

2.How many ways to do better in the learning zone according to the text?

【點(diǎn)石成金】演講的文本呈現(xiàn)方式多樣。本文屬于開門見山，直抒胸臆，首段末句即提出演講目的。最后一段，通常都是結(jié)尾總結(jié)，或點(diǎn)題或號(hào)召行動(dòng)，本文也不例外。寫作手法，是通過事例來支撐觀點(diǎn)。再深入感悟，深悟體會(huì)，事例過后，是對(duì)如何行動(dòng)的思考。所以繼續(xù)談?wù)摰氖撬姆N方法精進(jìn)于學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)。最后落實(shí)結(jié)尾，提出態(tài)度加行動(dòng)。

Ⅲ.Post reading

1.Offer one more example to support the lecturer's opinion?

2.Pick up useful sentences as many as possible from the passage to get motivated and then share them with your partners.

譯文助讀

這一輩子，不管是我們的工作事務(wù)、家庭瑣事、學(xué)校任務(wù)或是其他，我們大都盡己所能,做到最好。但是一段時(shí)間前我意識(shí)到，我在最在乎的事情上并沒有進(jìn)步。即使我在這些事上花費(fèi)了大量時(shí)間，做了很多努力，我卻沒有太多進(jìn)步。所以我想與大家分享一些，關(guān)于它為何發(fā)生和如何應(yīng)對(duì)的見解。

他們生活在兩個(gè)區(qū)域之間：學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)和表現(xiàn)區(qū)。這兩個(gè)區(qū)域都應(yīng)該是我們生活的一部分，但是要清楚我們什么時(shí)候想要加入其中的一個(gè)區(qū)域時(shí)，我們的目標(biāo)是什么、精力放在哪、有什么樣的期望，這會(huì)幫助我們更好地提升和表現(xiàn)。表現(xiàn)區(qū)使我們的即時(shí)表現(xiàn)最大化，而學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)則使我們的成長和未來的表現(xiàn)最大化。

盡管我們努力工作，但我們當(dāng)中的許多人并沒有取得多大的進(jìn)步，原因是我們傾向于把幾乎所有的時(shí)間都花在表現(xiàn)區(qū)。這阻礙著我們的進(jìn)步，更諷刺的是，長久來看，這也影響著我們的表現(xiàn)。

那學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)是什么樣的呢？看看古希臘的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、最偉大的演說家、律師，狄摩西尼吧。為了成就偉大，他沒有把所有時(shí)間花費(fèi)在僅僅作為演說家或者律師上，也就是他表現(xiàn)區(qū)的一部分。反而，他花時(shí)間在為改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)而設(shè)計(jì)的活動(dòng)上。

當(dāng)然，他學(xué)習(xí)了很多。為了發(fā)音清晰，他在演說時(shí)嘴里含著石頭。他還建造了一個(gè)地下室，這樣他在練習(xí)的時(shí)候就不會(huì)被打擾，也不會(huì)打擾到別人。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候的法庭很嘈雜，對(duì)此他在海邊練習(xí)，保證聲音在海浪的咆哮中清晰可聽。他在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)所做的行為，和他在法庭上的行為，也就是他表現(xiàn)區(qū)的行為，非常不同。在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)，安德斯·埃里克森博士稱這種行為為“刻意練習(xí)”。是這種在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)的練習(xí)導(dǎo)致了實(shí)質(zhì)性的改進(jìn)，而不僅僅是單純花時(shí)間完成任務(wù)。我們把所有的時(shí)間都集中在做我們的工作和表演上，事實(shí)證明并不是一種很好的改進(jìn)方法。

通往高水平展現(xiàn)的路，就是在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)、表現(xiàn)區(qū)之間交替，我們有目的地在學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)積攢技能，然后將其應(yīng)用于表現(xiàn)區(qū)。

當(dāng)碧昂絲舉辦巡回演唱會(huì)時(shí)，演唱會(huì)，就是她的表現(xiàn)區(qū)，但是當(dāng)她每晚回到酒店房間時(shí)，她就徑直地回到了她的學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)。她會(huì)觀看剛剛結(jié)束的演出錄像。為她自己、舞者、攝像組工作人員尋求進(jìn)步的突破口。

第二天早上，每個(gè)人都會(huì)收到幾頁筆記，上面寫著他們需要在下次演出前需要調(diào)整的問題。提高能力是一個(gè)螺旋上升的過程，但是我們需要知道，我們想花時(shí)間做這兩件事，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)區(qū)花的時(shí)間越多，我們就會(huì)越進(jìn)步。

那么，我們?cè)鯓硬拍茉趯W(xué)習(xí)區(qū)內(nèi)花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間呢？首先，我們必須相信并明白我們可以改進(jìn)，我們稱之為“增長心態(tài)”。第二，我們必須提高這方面的技能。 第三，我們必須有一個(gè)如何改進(jìn)和我們可以做什么來改進(jìn)的想法。第四，我們必須處于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的境地，因?yàn)槿绻e(cuò)誤可以預(yù)料到，那么錯(cuò)誤的后果不一定會(huì)是災(zāi)難性的，甚至影響深遠(yuǎn)的。

真正的自信在于建立一個(gè)不斷學(xué)習(xí)的模型。我們應(yīng)該是更多地去探索、詢問、傾聽、實(shí)踐、思考和奮斗，而不是把時(shí)間耗費(fèi)在做事、表現(xiàn)上。做到這些，我們的努力會(huì)得到更多的回報(bào)，我們的進(jìn)步會(huì)一往直前，我們的工作會(huì)錦上添花。謝謝大家。