薛瑩?馬黎?郭楠
一根手臂粗的麻繩,沿著舞臺(tái)圍出一方天地。舞臺(tái)中央,一根繩索,從天至地,粗略打了個(gè)結(jié)。
這就是黃梅戲《玉天仙》的舞臺(tái),簡(jiǎn)約,明了。
7月13日,由浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司以及安徽省安慶市黃梅戲藝術(shù)劇院共同出品,余青峰編劇、江瑤導(dǎo)演、夏圓圓和黃新德主演的小劇場(chǎng)黃梅戲《玉天仙·魂斷爛柯山》,作為第三屆韓國(guó)戲劇節(jié)唯一受邀的中國(guó)劇目,在首爾弘益大學(xué)大學(xué)路藝術(shù)中心進(jìn)行首演,榮獲“最佳國(guó)際劇目獎(jiǎng)”。
7月14日下午,應(yīng)中國(guó)駐韓國(guó)大使館的邀請(qǐng),《玉天仙·魂斷爛柯山》劇組到首爾中國(guó)文化中心為韓國(guó)戲劇界及文化界的朋友們進(jìn)行演出。
開(kāi)演前,筆者在朋友圈發(fā)了《玉天仙》的韓國(guó)版海報(bào)。有人點(diǎn)贊,也有朋友留言,好奇:這黃梅戲,韓國(guó)人聽(tīng)的懂嗎?
7月13日晚上,進(jìn)入弘益大學(xué)大學(xué)路藝術(shù)中心演出之前,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的300多名韓國(guó)觀眾,對(duì)黃梅戲的概念是零,“有接觸過(guò)京劇,但黃梅戲是人生第一次?!?/p>
晚上8點(diǎn),六位穿著中山裝的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員,懷抱著二胡、琵琶、笛子等上臺(tái)?!斑诉诉诉诉恕?,中國(guó)大鼓一響,伴隨著悠揚(yáng)的黃梅調(diào),一出兩千年前的夫妻家庭劇就此展開(kāi)。
《玉天仙》的靈感來(lái)源之一是昆曲《爛柯山》,講的是大家都很熟悉的朱買臣和崔氏的故事。
這是一個(gè)西漢的家庭倫理劇——老公朱買臣數(shù)次考試不中,老婆崔氏嫌棄他,覺(jué)得沒(méi)法和這個(gè)書(shū)呆子過(guò)下去了。兩人離婚,崔氏跟屠夫阿旺結(jié)婚了。結(jié)果,前夫高中狀元,榮歸故里,不僅原諒了前妻崔氏,還將她和現(xiàn)任老公安頓在府中。
連方孝孺都要寫(xiě)詩(shī)《買臣妻墓》,從道德的角度規(guī)訓(xùn)女性:“青青池邊一故丘,千年埋骨不埋羞。丁寧囑咐民間婦,自古糟糠合到頭?!?/p>
《玉天仙》的編劇余青峰在杭州的家里讀到這首詩(shī)時(shí)快氣死了,“憑什么這樣?他不是用刀來(lái)殺人。老百姓的唾沫把她淹死了,她根本不可能再活著?!?/p>
余青峰每次看完,都覺(jué)得這個(gè)連名字都不完整的崔氏太可憐了,歷史中的她真是這樣的嗎?
他給朱買臣之妻取名玉天仙,這個(gè)名字出現(xiàn)在元雜劇《朱太守風(fēng)雪漁樵記》中,“這部戲,我就寫(xiě)了兩個(gè)字——前半部寫(xiě)‘休妻的休,后半部寫(xiě)‘羞辱的羞。這個(gè)羞辱留了2000年,道德綁架了2000年,我想站在玉天仙的立場(chǎng)上,為這個(gè)女人說(shuō)幾句公道話,還原她正常的人性,在當(dāng)今社會(huì),也應(yīng)該會(huì)獲得一些共鳴?!?/p>
這個(gè)共鳴,很國(guó)際化。演出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的韓國(guó)觀眾,都看懂了他要說(shuō)的話——迂腐的朱買臣“直男式”哄老婆,老婆你胃痛我就替你把玉米吃了,他們哈哈大笑;玉天仙看著前夫高頭大馬而來(lái),嘲笑她“你為什么不肯多等一年”,他們也很是感嘆。
“這是我第一次看中國(guó)的地方戲,太棒了。雖然語(yǔ)言不通,黃梅戲也沒(méi)接觸過(guò),但里面的情感起伏,韓國(guó)人是能理解的?!毖莩鼋Y(jié)束,一位韓國(guó)姑娘拉著自己的俄羅斯老公,追上臺(tái),求合影。
還有一位打扮得體的中年婦人,興致勃勃地拉著筆者,用英文問(wèn):“中國(guó)話的《玉天仙》怎么說(shuō)?”
學(xué)了半天,終究學(xué)不會(huì),拿出手機(jī),拍了海報(bào),說(shuō)做個(gè)紀(jì)念,“有很多話想說(shuō),一下子又不知道從哪里說(shuō)起。”身為女性,這位觀眾更有感觸。
把《玉天仙》帶到韓國(guó)的,有兩個(gè)人——一個(gè)是韓國(guó)戲劇協(xié)會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)鄭大經(jīng),還有一個(gè)是原大邱音樂(lè)劇節(jié)委員長(zhǎng)、韓國(guó)文聯(lián)理事、韓國(guó)戲劇節(jié)國(guó)際交流委員長(zhǎng)樸淳顯。
而他們知道黃梅戲《玉天仙》這件事,得從老張說(shuō)起。
老張,張輝,浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司總經(jīng)理。黃梅戲《玉天仙》能進(jìn)入韓國(guó),他是幕后推手。
張輝是杭州演出界的“老江湖”,18年前的9月,他把羅大佑帶到了杭州,那是杭州的第一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。后來(lái),張國(guó)榮、劉若英、楊麗萍等明星的演出,都是出自他手。
他的公司“鴻藝”,是浙江演藝類文化出口重點(diǎn)企業(yè)。在帶《玉天仙》去韓國(guó)之前,他還帶“白娘子”和“許仙”去過(guò)——2012年,他帶著音樂(lè)劇《斷橋》參加了第六屆韓國(guó)大邱國(guó)際音樂(lè)劇節(jié),拿下了最佳劇目獎(jiǎng)、最佳表演獎(jiǎng)。
2008年,他也帶著韓國(guó)無(wú)臺(tái)詞音樂(lè)喜劇《亂打》來(lái)過(guò)杭州。
每年4月到12月,“鴻藝”還會(huì)邀請(qǐng)韓國(guó)的藝術(shù)家們分三批到杭州,分別常駐三個(gè)月的時(shí)間。這樣的中韓藝術(shù)家交流活動(dòng)進(jìn)行到今年,已經(jīng)是第五個(gè)年頭。
他們?nèi)ビ斡[西湖,也去杭州圖書(shū)館,去中國(guó)美院民俗博物館,來(lái)實(shí)地感受中國(guó),而不是只從書(shū)上“看到”。這些韓國(guó)藝術(shù)家親身感受中國(guó)人的情懷,理解中國(guó)人的情感。
不會(huì)說(shuō)韓語(yǔ)的張輝,用手機(jī)上的翻譯軟件,加上各種肢體語(yǔ)言,和韓國(guó)人聊天。說(shuō)一句,手機(jī)翻譯一句,聊得挺開(kāi)心。韓國(guó)人喜歡叫他老張,很親昵。
《玉天仙》排到一半,有一次,老張偶遇這兩位韓國(guó)戲劇家,說(shuō)起這出戲,“歡迎來(lái)看看”。
對(duì)黃梅戲毫無(wú)了解的兩位韓國(guó)戲劇家,一開(kāi)始是抱著懷疑的態(tài)度來(lái)的,但是看到第一次聯(lián)排就很驚訝,“很前衛(wèi)的故事。”鄭大經(jīng)說(shuō)。
韓國(guó)人很謹(jǐn)慎,沒(méi)過(guò)多久,這兩位韓國(guó)戲劇家又來(lái)了,還帶來(lái)了兩位同事。從南京轉(zhuǎn)車,坐了四小時(shí)跑到安慶??戳讼鄬?duì)完整的連排后,決定邀請(qǐng)《玉天仙》參加韓國(guó)戲劇節(jié)。
“我們?nèi)チ?個(gè)人,但是有3種觀點(diǎn)。每個(gè)人看到的都不一樣。有些人看重戲里對(duì)女性權(quán)益的關(guān)注,也有的人覺(jué)得你不能在另一半最難的時(shí)候離開(kāi),還有的人覺(jué)得男主角朱買臣是壞人。這個(gè)作品的好,就是能讓人去討論。20歲和40歲的觀眾,看到的不一樣,男性和女性觀眾看到的也不一樣?!睒愦撅@看了20多年中國(guó)戲劇,《玉天仙》是很打動(dòng)他的一部劇。
“《玉天仙》的服裝和舞臺(tái),都很簡(jiǎn)約,但是故事很華麗,編劇和導(dǎo)演在故事中用了現(xiàn)代的手段,賦予了現(xiàn)代的意義。從這一點(diǎn)說(shuō),《玉天仙》雖然講了2000年前的故事,表演形式也很傳統(tǒng),但是內(nèi)核是和國(guó)際接軌的?!睒愦撅@說(shuō)。
馬前潑水、覆水難收兩個(gè)成語(yǔ),就是來(lái)自這個(gè)故事。鄭大經(jīng)說(shuō),在韓國(guó)也有類似覆水難收的俗語(yǔ),“看了《玉天仙》,我才知道,原來(lái)是來(lái)自于這個(gè)故事。”
黃梅戲《玉天仙》的班底組成,很有些意思。
出品公司是一家民營(yíng)企業(yè)——浙江鴻藝影視文化有限公司,和一家國(guó)有院團(tuán)——安徽省安慶市黃梅戲藝術(shù)劇院,編劇是來(lái)自杭州的余青峰,導(dǎo)演是來(lái)自浙江小百花越劇團(tuán)的江遙,作曲家陳華慶、空間設(shè)計(jì)季喬、燈光設(shè)計(jì)周正平、服裝設(shè)計(jì)藍(lán)玲,幾位業(yè)界大咖,分別來(lái)自安徽、廣東和浙江,天南海北。
這個(gè)陣容,有點(diǎn)“混搭”。按編劇余青峰的說(shuō)法,他們是一群“有志之士”,從一開(kāi)始就目的明確。
“從劇目開(kāi)始醞釀到創(chuàng)排,我們的目標(biāo)就是面向國(guó)外市場(chǎng)推廣,與民營(yíng)文化企業(yè)合作,讓專業(yè)的人做專業(yè)的事,讓優(yōu)秀的黃梅戲藝術(shù)‘走出去。從《玉天仙》在韓國(guó)演出的情況來(lái)看,一期目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。”安慶市黃梅戲藝術(shù)劇院院長(zhǎng)余登云說(shuō)。
在首爾首演之后,韓國(guó)的光州和大田兩大城市,也正式向《玉天仙》劇組發(fā)出邀請(qǐng),希望今年10月到光州和大田巡演。另外,大邱等五個(gè)城市,也邀請(qǐng)?jiān)搫∮诿髂?月三度赴韓巡演。
“黃梅戲《玉天仙》給我留下了深刻的印象,把中國(guó)的歷史故事通過(guò)黃梅戲的藝術(shù)方式進(jìn)行表達(dá),表達(dá)得非常好,我想每個(gè)看過(guò)這部戲的人同時(shí)都在思考應(yīng)該怎樣做人。中韓兩國(guó)的文化背景是相通的,中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化黃梅戲在韓國(guó)是受歡迎的,雖然這次來(lái)韓國(guó)演出時(shí)間很短,但我相信你們完全可以成為中韓友好的使者。我要代表中國(guó)駐韓國(guó)大使館向你們表示敬意和感謝!”中國(guó)駐韓國(guó)大使邱國(guó)洪說(shuō)。
(本文圖片攝影:敖彬偉)
Chinese Opera Play Wins Best International Drama Award in ROK
By Xue Ying, Ma Li, Guo Nan
On July 13, , a Chinese Huangmei Opera play, made its debut at the performance center of Hongki University in South Korea. The play was a joint production by Zhejiang Hongyi Film & TV Culture Co. Ltd and Anqing Huangmei Opera Troupe. It was the only Chinese Opera play staged at the 3rd Republic of Korea Theater Festival. It won the Best International Drama Award of the festival.
The original story of the play is about a wife and husband more than 2,000 years old. In the old story, the husband is a scholar who fails many times in the imperial civil service examination. The wife sees no future in the marriage and divorces him. The woman marries a butcher. A year after the divorce, the scholar comes out number one in the examination and is appointed a high-ranking government official. He comes back and gets his former wife and the butcher to live in his residence. The ex-wife later commits suicide for the unbearable shame. Fang Xiaoru, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), even wrote a poem to highlight the moral of the story, that is, a woman should stay with her husband for better or for worse.
Yu Qingfeng, a scriptwriter, read the story and became incensed. How could the woman stand the humiliation? Living like this was the laughing butt of the public. Yu read the story again and again, thinking the womans life is too miserable. She doesnt even have a complete name in the story. Yu decided to write a play to do justice to the woman. He believed that international audiences would embrace such a character.
The audience at the debut at the performance center surely understood the play even though most of the audience members had never heard of the opera genre. Huangmei Opera, or Yellow Plum Opera, is a regional opera especially popular in Anhui Province in eastern China. The audience responded to the play enthusiastically.
Zhang Hui is the Chinese man behind the troupes success at the theater festival. A showbiz promoter, he has successfully staged many shows of entertainment stars in Hangzhou over years. His company Hongyi is the only one of its kind in Zhejiang engaged in bringing showbiz shows overseas. With his behind-the-scene arrangement, , a musical, appeared at an international musical festival in the Republic of Korea in 2012 and won the best drama award and the best performance award. In 2008, he brought a ROK comedy to Hangzhous theater and caused a sensation.
Nowadays, Hongyi invites three groups of ROK performing artists to study and perform in Hangzhou per year. Each group stays for three months, respectively from April to December. The year 2018 is the fifth year of this cultural exchange program.
Zhang finds time to chat with these Korean performing artists through an interpretation APP on the mobile phone. It was during one of these chats that Zhang mentioned , which was in rehearsal then. Zhang brought Mr. Park Hyunsoon and Mr. Jung Daekyung, two influential decision-makers in the theater circles of ROK, all the way from Hangzhou to Anqing, a riverside city in Anhui Province bisected by the Yangtze River. If the two were any dubious about the play before the dress rehearsal, their doubt was gone afterwards. Before long, the two revisited Anqing, bringing two more colleagues along. They watched another dress rehearsal and decided to invite the troupe to perform the play at the 3rd ROK Theater Festival in July 2018.
“The four of us watched the play and had three different opinions. What we saw were different. One valued the concern with the womans rights and interests. One felt that you shouldnt break the marriage when the other half was down and out. One believed the scholar was a bad guy. The value of the play is that it gives people food for thought. The 20-year-olds and the 40-year-olds see different things. Men and women concern themselves with different issues of the play,” commented Park. Park has watched Chinese opera plays for more than 20 years.
On July 14, the troupe from Anqing performed for professional artists from the theater circles and cultural circles at China Cultural Center in Seoul. It was an event sponsored by Chinese embassy in ROK.
After the successful debut at the theater festival, the troupe received two more invitations for performance in October 2018 from Gwangju and Daejeon, two important cities in ROK. The troupe has also received an invitation to perform in five other cities in ROK in March 2019.
“I found impressive. It presents an ancient story exquisitely. I believe everyone who watched the play will examine many issues in life. China and Republic of Korea share a common cultural background and thats why the Huangmei Opera play was well received. Though your stay here is brief, you are friendship ambassadors for China and Korea. Id like to say thank you to you on the behalf of the Chinese embassy in ROK,” said MR. Qiu Guohong, Chinese ambassador in ROK.