犬井，馬洛卡，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：加特納富爾倫建筑事務(wù)所，瑪麗安娜·德德拉斯

馬洛卡的傳統(tǒng)一直在延續(xù)，使此島逐漸成為一個(gè)旅游服務(wù)區(qū)。這里不斷開放的酒店、餐廳、沙灘屋和俱樂部，為那些尋求便捷而輕松的日光浴的人提供一個(gè)天堂圣地。在這些繁華旅游區(qū)中仍然有一些地方，只有當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谀抢锷?，在那里時(shí)間仿佛停止了一樣，而外來的旅游者似乎離他們很遠(yuǎn)。當(dāng)?shù)厝艘庾R到土地的價(jià)值和其中的樂趣，于是設(shè)法保留傳統(tǒng)，方式之一即是在空閑時(shí)間帶著原產(chǎn)于巴利阿里群島的伊比薩獵犬進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)的兔子狩獵。

在狩獵季節(jié)的每個(gè)星期，獵人們都會(huì)使用一些慣用的技巧，包括在凌晨長途跋涉尋找兔子等，其中與獵犬形成好的關(guān)系是狩獵成功的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)上午結(jié)束時(shí)，獵人們會(huì)聚在一起準(zhǔn)備一頓午餐，他們用捕到的獵物進(jìn)行烹飪，并在宴會(huì)中與朋友和家人共同享用。兔子和鷓鴣在西班牙全國范圍內(nèi)被推廣和養(yǎng)殖，包括喂食、飲水和獸醫(yī)管控，并允許對其進(jìn)行可持續(xù)性的狩獵。

我們選擇介入的場地是一口古老水井的上方，位于一個(gè)郁郁蔥蔥的洞穴般的桔樹林中。這口井建于1920年代，曾是獵人的休息區(qū)，他們在這里補(bǔ)充補(bǔ)給、讓獵犬飲水以及灌溉果樹。圍繞著水井的石頭隨著歲月的流逝已經(jīng)消失了，而水井則成為一個(gè)僅被活板門保護(hù)的地面上的洞。

馬洛卡人對淡水非常重視。這里被咸水的海洋環(huán)繞，且?guī)缀鯖]有河流或湖泊。井，就是他們的“金礦”，理應(yīng)被珍惜。水井不但是飲水、休息和冥想的場所，也為社交聚會(huì)提供空間。

“犬井”在狩獵中起到休息站的作用，并試圖在這個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境中強(qiáng)調(diào)水的重要性。該建筑由一個(gè)3m×3m的再生木框架網(wǎng)格構(gòu)成。一段可伸縮的塔從結(jié)構(gòu)的中部伸出，它關(guān)閉時(shí)能保護(hù)水井，使用時(shí)又可方便人攀登而上。該塔被升高后能用作場地中的一座地標(biāo)。而木制塔框架由固定于內(nèi)芯的絞車通過結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向件來抬升。

當(dāng)門和塔被抬升到溫暖的陽光中時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生輕微的煙囪效應(yīng)，使陰涼的井口有微風(fēng)吹出。塔內(nèi)還為追求刺激的人配備了一架內(nèi)部梯子，通往一個(gè)能觀賞周邊景觀的視野良好的小瞭望臺(tái)?！酰愑隇t譯）

1.2 外景/Exterior views

3 軸測爆炸圖/Exploded axonometric

評論

朱捷：從“犬井”豐富又復(fù)合的使用功能，到有些象征意味的外形，再至傳統(tǒng)手工樣式的構(gòu)造節(jié)點(diǎn)，從宏觀到微觀，無不體現(xiàn)出建筑師對當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)文化以及傳統(tǒng)生活的尊重和細(xì)致研究。建筑師的精心設(shè)計(jì)使這座犬井變得獨(dú)特而出眾，并且成為從現(xiàn)代生活中喚醒當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駛鹘y(tǒng)記憶的一個(gè)重要組成部分。

佘依爽：名為“犬井”，但不是單獨(dú)為狗建造的井，而是一個(gè)廢舊水井的改造。這口井已近干涸，逐漸成為人們在狩獵兔子期間可有可無的休息站。人在自然中生存，從來都不是一個(gè)人，必需有伙伴，有伙伴就會(huì)產(chǎn)生因?yàn)殛P(guān)系需要的空間。它既可以是涼亭休息站、水源供給地，也可以成為醒目的地標(biāo)，成為所有生物發(fā)生故事的場所，變得更加有存在意義。

Traditions in Mallorca continue to drift into making the island a region serving tourism. Hotels,restaurants, beach houses and clubs keep opening providing a mirage of paradise to those in search for a quick and easy sun tan. Amidst these bustling tourist areas there are still areas where locals manage to live a life in where time has stopped, and alien tourist sun consumers seem far away. Being conscious of the value of the land and the pleasures it provides, one way they manage to under grow the traditions is by spending their free time carrying out classical rabbit hunting by means of Ibizan hounds,(native to the Balearic islands).

Every week during hunting seasons, these hunters perform popular techniques involving long madrugada strolls looking for rabbits in where a good connection with the hounds is fundamental for success. When the morning is over the hunters come together and prepare a lunch in where preys are cooked to share in a banquet with friends and family.

Rabbits and partridges are promoted and looked after throughout the country estate through sustainable hunt, which includes being fed, given water and controlled by vets.

The plot chosen to intervene is on an old well inside a lush cave-like orange tree grove made in the 1920s which was used by the hunters as a rest area to re fi ll canteens, give water to the dogs and irrigate the fruit-bearing trees. The stones that surrounded the well had disappeared throughout the years becoming only a hole in the ground protected by a trap door.

The Mallorquins value (fresh) water highly.Surrounded by the salty ocean, and with almost no rivers or lakes the well, or "pozo" is their "source of gold" and it should be treasured. The well provides hydration, rest and contemplation, but also functions as a place for social gathering,

The Pozo Podenco functions as an airy stop along the saunter, and is built to manifest the importance of water in this rural environment. The construction is composed by a grid of 3 × 3 metres with reused timber frames. A central retractile tower boosts from the middle of the structure, keeping the well protected when shut and accessible when in use. The tower also serves as a place marker on the fi elds when elevated. A winch fi xed to the inner core elevates the timber tower frames through the structural guides.

As the doors and tower are raised into the warm sun, a slight stack effect will occur creating a light breeze by the shaded well. For the thrill seeker the tower is equipped with an internal ladder leading to the small lookout with excellent views to the surrounding fi elds.□

4.5 井口/Around the well

6.7 木框架結(jié)構(gòu)/Timber frame structure

8 故事/Fable

Comments

ZHU Jie: The design of Pozo Podenco includes the multiple functions,the symbolic look and the localised construction details. From large scale to small scale, the architects show their respect and detailed research in the traditional culture and the local life. The architects' efforts make Pozo Podenco a unique and distinctive structure that brings back local residents' memory of traditions in this modern society. (Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

SHE Yishuang: Though known as "Pozo Podenco", namely the well for Podenco dog, instead of a design only for dogs, the project is a renovation of an abandoned well. The well, which almost runs dry, becomes a dispensable resting place during rabbit hunting seasons. In the nature,human beings are never alone and always need companionship. Spaces are created to meet the common needs generated by the relationship between people and their companions. The project is simultaneously a pavilion for resting, a place for water supply, and a landmark for visibility. The space becomes a location for all kinds of creatures, which allows different stories to happen. It is endowed with more meanings. (Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

建筑師/Architects: Astrid Wang, Olav Lunde Arneberg, Ole Larsen,Mariana de Delás

攝影/Photos: Gartnerfuglen Arkitekter + Mariana de Delás