蝠塔，東奧托，美國

建筑設計：大草原之蟻工作室

1 外景/Exterior view

“蝠塔”挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)成品蝙蝠巢的理念。它沒有悄然隱入背景，而是以一座引人矚目的雕塑的姿態(tài)屹立在戶外。這個裝置引用了垂直巢穴的概念，展現(xiàn)出一種沉重、突出的形象，與自制蝙蝠巢的輕盈和謙遜形成了反差。

這座塔的選址和設計意在引蝠來巢。它的場地緊鄰湖邊，有大量吸引蝙蝠的蚊蟲。此外，塔的底部還種有香蔥、牛至以及其他蝙蝠喜愛的草本植物。為了便于蝙蝠出入，靠近塔頂處的肋結構上設有若干“登陸臺”。而垂直面和水平面上的凹槽讓蝙蝠能更容易爬到塔里，并附著在“天花板”上。為了給蝙蝠的棲息提供溫暖適宜的內(nèi)部環(huán)境，棲居區(qū)還覆有暗色木板，以吸收陽光。

蝠塔是一個為展示蝙蝠生存狀態(tài)而設計的建筑裝置，我們希望能借此讓公眾更好地意識到它們是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分。蝙蝠是有效的天然蚊蟲殺手和傳粉媒介，但卻往往被誤認為是一種城市害蟲，遭到人類“除害行動”的滅殺。而且，它們的生存還飽受白鼻癥的威脅，目前美國東北部的蝙蝠數(shù)量已在這種病癥的摧殘下減少到令人難以置信的地步。□（尚晉 譯）

Bat Tower challenges notions of the typical offthe-shelf bat house. Rather than innocuously fading into the background, the tower stands as a prominently visible outdoor sculpture. Drawing from the idea of a vertical cave, the installation has a heavy and intense presence, contrasting the lightness and invisibility associated with do-it-yourself bat house constructions.

Bat Tower is sited and designed to attract and facilitate bat inhabitation. Located adjacent to a lake,the site boasts an abundance of mosquitoes and other bat-attracting insects. Chives, oregano and other batattracting herbs are planted within the base of the tower. To help facilitate entry, the project's ribbed construction includes a series of "landing pads" near the top of the tower. A pattern of grooves on both vertical and horizontal surfaces allows bats to more easily climb into the tower and cling to its "ceilings."To provide a suitably warm interior for bat roosting,dark wood panels cover the tower's inhabitation zone in order to absorb sunlight.

Bat Tower is a built installation designed to bring visibility to the presence of bats, and to increase public awareness of bats as a critical component of our ecosystem. Bats are effective as natural pesticides,pollinators, and mosquito abatement. Yet they are often considered as a kind of urban pest, and are frequently exterminated by human-run "pest control"services. Their very survival is also being challenged by White Nose Syndrome, a disease which has inexplicably been wiping out large bat populations in northeastern United States.□

2 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)草圖/Ecosystem sketch

3 外景/Exterior view

4 軸測爆炸圖/Exploded axonometric

5 外部散熱片/Exterior fi ns

6 外部布萊葉點字法切割面/Exterior Braille

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: 格里菲斯雕塑公園，東奧托，紐約州，美國/Griきs Sculpture Park, East Otto, NY, USA

資助/Grant Funding: 項目的設計和施工由紐約州藝術委員會的“獨立項目資金”和范阿倫協(xié)會的項目贊助支持；裝置由紐約州/大學職業(yè)聯(lián)合會的“努阿拉·麥根·德雷舍爾博項目”資助/Design and construction made possible with an Independent Projects Grant from the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) and the Van Alen Institute as the project's Fiscal Sponsor; Installation made possible with a grant from the New York State/United University Professions'Dr. Nuala McGann Drescher Program

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Joyce Hwang

設計合作/Design Collaborators: Thomas Giannino, Micahel Pudlewski, Laura Schmitz, Nicole Marple, Mark Nowaczyk

施工合作/Construction Collaborators: Michael Pudlewski,Laura Schmitz, Nicole Marple, Mark Nowaczyk, Dan Dimillo, Matt Salzer, Jacob West

安裝合作/Installation Collaborators: Matthieu Bain, Albert Chao, Joshua Gardner, Shawn Lewis, Sergio López-Pi?eiro,Nellie Niespodzinski, Mark Nowaczyk, Michael Pudlewski,Joseph Swerdlin, Angela Wu

顧問/Consultants: 生物學/biology: Katharina Dittmar;結構工程師/structural engineer: Mark Bajorek; 施工/construction: Richard Yencer（布法羅分校建筑與規(guī)劃學院材料與工藝工作室/UB School of Architecture and Planning Materials and Methods Shop）

攝影/Photos: Joyce Hwang, Albert Chao (Fig.3, 7)

7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

8.9 熱成像圖/Thermal images

10 平面透視/Plan perspective

11 剖面透視/Section perspective

評論

何可人：在看待蝙蝠和人的關系上，中西方很不相同。北美很多家庭自己會做蝙蝠屋，和鳥屋差不多，沒有圓洞但有窄窄的口，扁扁的一個掛在樹上。大抵是蝙蝠從窄口里爬進去，倒掛在里面睡覺，很少看到里面的照片。此處的“蝠塔”則更像是一個蝙蝠的圣殿，復雜的形式和非標準的構件，從功能上看似乎是沒有完全的必要，蝙蝠自己就需要一個安靜、黑暗的角落。但是人給動物做的房子僅僅是為了保護動物本身么？還是為了展示人和動物的關系? 更進一步，是表達了人與人的關系—— 一群人在向另一群人展示自己的決心和手段。

青鋒：很難對這個項目做出合理的回應，因為我們不知道從哪個立場出發(fā)。作為人類構筑物，我們當然可以討論材料、建構、形態(tài)與意義，但是這都是基于人類建筑的標準，與蝙蝠有什么關系？作為蝙蝠的棲居地，我們無法知曉蝙蝠的感受。如果以蝙蝠為基點，那么我們所有的建筑學理念與原則都不能適用，這個困境反而提醒我們，建筑在多大程度之上是以人類中心主義為基礎的。對于“蝠塔”，我們唯一可以合理判斷的是它成功地滿足了人類的目的，通過一種特殊的裝置提醒人們關注蝙蝠，這同樣來自于人類的建筑傳統(tǒng)：住宅應該與主人的個性有所對應。

12 蝠塔底部/Base of Bat Tower

13 蝠塔內(nèi)的蝙蝠糞便/Bat guano in Bat Tower

Comments

HE Keren: There are big differences between the West and East in terms of the relationship between human and the bats. Many North American families make bat houses themselves, which are very much like bird houses, with only a narrow slip instead of a round hole for bats to crawl in. The Bat Tower here resembles a"temple" for bats with its complex form and unusual structure members. Is it necessary while what the bats really need is a dark and quiet place to sleep? Or,is it more than protecting the bats, rather revealing the relationship between human and animals?Furthermore, it is a group of people showing their attitude and resolution to another group of people.

QING Feng: It is hard to respond to this project due to the absence of a reasonable basis for judgement.If we treat it as a human structure, we can talk about its material, tectonic, typology and meaning, but all these factors are based on human standards. Are they suitable for bats? If we treat it as a structure for bats, the problem is that it is impossible to know whether the bats like it or not. With bats as the arbiter,human architectural thought becomes irrelevant. This predicament reminds us, how much the discipline of architecture evolves around anthropocentrism. For the Bat Tower, the only fi rm judgement we can make is that it satisfies certain human purpose. As an installation,it calls people's attention to bats. This is achieved via a route de fi ned by human tradition as well: a house should correspond to the character of its owner.