遺落的“工業(yè)標(biāo)本”

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重慶這座“西南地區(qū)最大的工商業(yè)城市”的記憶，總是若隱若現(xiàn)，直到走進(jìn)綦江區(qū)三江鎮(zhèn)的重慶四鋼廠，我們有幸一睹布滿年代烙印的“工業(yè)標(biāo)本”。

這里曾是一方熱火朝天的工業(yè)基地。歲月流逝，工廠里機(jī)器輪轉(zhuǎn)的轟鳴聲已消失殆盡。然而老廠房、車間、鐵軌、家屬院，甚至一草一木尚歷歷在目，給了我們尋回三線建設(shè)記憶的線索。

Our memory for Chongqing—the largest industrial and commercial city in Southwest China—did not become clear until we visited Chongqing Fourth Iron and Steel Factory(CFISF) which is located in Sanjiang County, Qijiang District.We were lucky to witness the historical“industrial specimen”.

The factory was a significant industrial base but it has been dilapidated as time went by. However, following the clues of the old plant, workshop, railway,residential building and even vegetation here, we got opportunities to find back the memory for the Third-Front Movement in Mid-west China in 1960s.

存留的輪廓Existing Outline

從距重慶主城巴南出口僅半小時車程的蘭海高速三江站下道，循著“四鋼記憶”指示牌，沿著長坡往下一公里處，就是四鋼廠。這里占地近600畝，建筑面積13萬平方米，是一個有著80年歷史的老工廠建筑群。

四鋼廠的前身始建于1937年。1965年，重慶鋼鐵公司第四鋼鐵廠正式成立，曾經(jīng)歷多次改制重組，2012年底，因經(jīng)營困難，全部停產(chǎn)。2014年4月，四鋼公司與重慶安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展集團(tuán)有限公司進(jìn)行資產(chǎn)重組，成立了重慶安源金屬制造有限公司。當(dāng)時，一部分老四鋼人選擇到長壽、大渡口等地的重鋼廠上班。另一部分，由于家在綦江，所以選擇留在了安源。

周新禹就是其中一個。他領(lǐng)著我們走進(jìn)了曾經(jīng)的廠房區(qū)。一間間空蕩蕩的破舊廠房，安靜佇立。外墻上掛著機(jī)器牙箱，有的地方紅磚脫落，有的地方爬滿了綠植。隨處可見漆有“四鋼生產(chǎn)車間桿路”的電桿，銹跡斑斑的綠漆青年文明崗?fù)ぁ矍暗木跋螅z毫沒有今時的人為添加，原汁原味保留了上世紀(jì)六十至八十年代的樣子，在國內(nèi)已不多見，許多劇組相中了這里。

我們走訪時，電影《十七歲的輕騎兵》正在四鋼廠里拍攝，講述的是上世紀(jì)九十年代，國營廠青年技工的故事。在此前，《鋼魂》《追蹤》《幸福照相館》《同路人》等影視劇，也相繼在四鋼廠完成了實景拍攝。

Driving off the Lanzhou-Haikou Expressway, you may find CFISF following the sign of “四鋼記憶(Memory for CFISF)”. Covering an area of nearly 600 mu (40 hectares), the old factory architectural complex boasts a building area of 130,000 m2.

CFISF was formally established in 1965 and underwent numerous restructuring. In April, 2014, the factory recapitalized with Chongqing Security Industry Development Co., Ltd. and founded Chongqing Anyuan Metal Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Some employers of the factory chose to work at the mills of Chongqing Iron and Steel Company (CISC)in Changshou District and Dadukou District, while the other stayed in Anyuan Company for their family.

As an old employer of CFISF, Zhou Xinyu guided us to the original plant area. Empty workshops, abandoned gearboxes, dilapidated red bricks and rusty watch boxes witnessed the development from 1960s to 1980s and were well reserved. A lot of film groups chose this old site as their shooting place.

During our visit, a movie telling a story about young technicians in the 1990s was being filmed on location in the factory. Additionally, several TV plays were shot here, such as Iron Soul, Tracing,Happy Photo Studio and Fellow Traveller.

曾經(jīng)的重點Old Priority

看著劇組在廠里搞創(chuàng)作，演繹往事，周新禹“恍如隔世”。

1996年，24歲的周新禹從部隊轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)，分配到了四鋼廠，成為一名熱軋機(jī)操作工，就再也沒有離開過。

在一幢廠房前，老周停了下來，透過綠漆的鐵門柵欄往里望去，地上長滿雜草，墻角邊堆放著廢棄鋼材。當(dāng)年，這是四鋼廠的薄板車間，也是四鋼廠最大的車間，里面橫向依次擺放著四臺熱軋機(jī)，專軋薄板。

“機(jī)器一天到晚都開著，忙的時候，食堂直接送飯到車間，工人們輪流吃飯，吃完接著干?！闭f著說著，他的音調(diào)不自主地高了起來。

上世紀(jì)八九十年代，四鋼廠曾是綦江數(shù)一數(shù)二的大廠，固定資產(chǎn)8400萬元，還有585臺生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。正式工加上機(jī)修廠、聯(lián)鍍車間等十多家輔助單位，有兩三萬職工。那時，四鋼廠的鋼鐵生產(chǎn)技術(shù)走在國家前列，其生產(chǎn)的冷軋鍍鉛板還獲得國家銀質(zhì)獎，并成功研制出具有當(dāng)時國內(nèi)先進(jìn)水平的新型硫酸霧凈化器。

“那時候效益好，我們的工資就有300元。”周新禹有些唏噓，他走到銹跡斑斑的鐵軌上，軌道兩旁長滿了蘆葦。這條從廠區(qū)內(nèi)穿過的鐵軌是上世紀(jì)五六十年代修建的，一直延伸到三江火車站，“從這里開始，火車將鋼材運到火車站，再南下，運往貴州、廣州等地?！彼犝f，鐵軌還運送過蒸汽機(jī)，后來又改成了綠皮火車。

從鐵軌上運出的鋼材，還肩負(fù)過特殊的時代使命。

上世紀(jì)六十年代初，錯綜復(fù)雜的國際環(huán)境，使得國家急需加強戰(zhàn)備，調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展布局。1964年9月21日，全國計劃工作會議上正式宣布三線建設(shè)的目標(biāo)和布局。重慶有著較強的工業(yè)實力和符合需求的地理優(yōu)勢，因而成為三線建設(shè)重點地區(qū)，當(dāng)時的目標(biāo)是以重鋼為原材料基地。順理成章，四鋼廠也就成了重要的鋼材輸出地。

Looking at the film making in the factory,Mr.zhou felt as if being cut off from the outside world for ages.

Zhou Xinyu was assigned to CFISF from troops in 1996 and worked here as a hot mill operator until retirement.

He stopped at an old workshop. The gate fence of green paint gave glimpse of abandoned steel products around weeds. Here is the place where CFISF made thin plates and four hot mills were displayed once.

“Machines operated the whole day,” Zhou remembered, “When it comes to the peak period in production, workers were so busy that they had to have their meals in turn and continued to work after that.”

With 585 manufacturing equipment and fixed assets amounting to 84 million Yuan, CFISF was one of the largest factories in Qijiang in the 1980s and 1990s. It boasted nearly 30 thousand employees and more than 10 support units. The steel manufacturing technology applied in the factory topped the nation and its cold-rolled lead plate won a national award.Besides, the working staff of the factory developed an advanced type of sulfuric acid mist purifier.

“We could earn 300 Yuan each month during that prosperous period,” Zhou said. He then came to the rusty railway which was built in the 1950s and stretched to Sanjiang Railway Station. “Steel was transported to provinces and cities such as Guizhou and Guangzhou,”Zhou said. He heard that steam engines and green trains were also carried through the railway.

Steel from CFISF shouldered special mission.

The complex international environment in the early 1960s forced China to strengthen its armaments and adjust the economic development layout.National Plan Working Conference, therefore,formally announced the aim and overall arrangement of the Third-Front Movement on September 21, 1964.As Chongqing enjoyed superior industrial power and geographical advantages, it became a priority in the Movement and aimed at taking Chongqing Iron and Steel Company (CISC) as a raw material base. Thus,CFISF emerged as a crucial steel production base.

是廠也是城Factory and Town as a Whole

四鋼廠依山傍林，靠著綦江河的河灣修建，因為遠(yuǎn)離城區(qū)，加上職工和家屬人口眾多。特殊的情形使得廠區(qū)內(nèi)生活設(shè)施一應(yīng)俱全，一座廠同時也是一個“小城鎮(zhèn)”。

我們走出廠房區(qū)，來到生活區(qū)。這里沒有都市的熱鬧嘈雜，時間的腳步靜而緩慢。上百戶不愿出走的老四鋼人仍在這里延續(xù)著日子，只是不用再去廠區(qū)了。居民樓下，人們搭根板凳，坐在一起，端著茶杯，閑聊打發(fā)時間。

曾經(jīng)，生活區(qū)外開滿了茶館、電影院、臺球室等工人的娛樂場所。如今這些地方都在，但早已不是那時的光景，更像是一張張書簽，標(biāo)記著過往在此停駐。

周新禹印象最深的是，每年春節(jié)期間，整整一個月，生活區(qū)的梯子、道路兩邊的樹上，都掛著各色各樣的彩燈，是三江鎮(zhèn)最漂亮的。晚上，附近的三江鋼水廠、103廠都有人專門到四鋼來看燈。

2000年后，這些彩燈就從周新禹的視野中消失了。屬于“大時代”的三線建設(shè)，不再適應(yīng)新的發(fā)展。四鋼廠和它眾多的“同期”一樣，逐漸消聲。不太一樣的，或許是這里保存的“標(biāo)本”更為完整，畫面更加清晰。

周新禹現(xiàn)在在安源公司，負(fù)責(zé)生產(chǎn)高速公路護(hù)欄板，辦公地點仍在四鋼廠里面。在周新禹和老工人眼中，工廠沒有了機(jī)器運轉(zhuǎn)，就不再有生氣。二十多年未曾走出去，他不太明白，為什么總有人愿意來參觀廢棄的鋼廠。他停頓了一下，突然說起：“當(dāng)初搬廠的時候，機(jī)器都當(dāng)廢鐵賣了。要是熱軋機(jī)留著，至少可以看看以前的工藝 ?！?/p>

Leaning against mountains and forests, CFISF erected beside Qijiang River, away from urban area.Due to armies of working staff and their families, the plant area boasted complete living facilities, making it a “small town”.

We wandered out of the plant area and came to the living area. Different from noisy metropolis,hundreds of households still continued their lives in this tranquil area, having no need to commute between the two places. Residents gathered beside the residential buildings, drank tea and chatted with each other to kill time.

The living area was studded with entertainment venues such as tea house, cinema and snooker room.Although they are still in operation, people tend to regard them as historical labels.

What impressed Zhou most was various colorful lanterns hanging on the trees along ladders and roads during Spring Festival, which would attract workers and residents from neighboring factories every evening.

These lanterns, however, has disappeared since 2000. The Third-Front Movement, which featured the “Big Era”, was not compatible with the development in new times. Thus, CFISF and its counterparts gradually walked out of the limelight.But the former presented a well-reserved and clear historical picture for the public.

Currently, Zhou is responsible for the manufacturing of highway guardrail board in Anyuan Company which is still located in the old site of CFISF.Zhou and other old workers believe that a factory will no longer be vibrant without machines in operation.He struggles to figure out the reason why people would like to visit the dilapidated factory. “Machines were sold out when we relocated the factory,” Zhou sighed, “At least you could witness the previous technology if hot mills were left here.”