戚永曄
“特色小鎮(zhèn)非鎮(zhèn)非區(qū),不是行政區(qū)劃單元上的一個鎮(zhèn),也不是產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)的一個區(qū),而是按照創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開放、共享發(fā)展理念,聚焦打造的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展平臺?!?/p>
這是浙江一家媒體,對當下如火如荼發(fā)展的特色小鎮(zhèn)的解讀。要成為特色小鎮(zhèn),產(chǎn)業(yè)、經(jīng)濟是必修課、必選題。
然而,杭州市余杭區(qū)鸕鳥鎮(zhèn),一個沒有工業(yè)區(qū)塊的地方卻也忝列特色小鎮(zhèn)之中——森林休閑小鎮(zhèn)、智慧旅游小鎮(zhèn)。
日前,筆者走進這個綠色、生態(tài)的特色小鎮(zhèn),感受到她從山區(qū)小鎮(zhèn)走向“國際慢城”嬗變的步伐。
鸕鳥是位于杭州西部的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),過去經(jīng)濟比較落后。在江南的方言中,“山溝溝”這個詞多少含有貶義,差不多就是偏僻、落后、貧窮的代名詞。但鄉(xiāng)村旅游的開發(fā),給深藏于海拔1095米的窯頭山和海拔1025米的紅桃山之間的山溝溝村帶來了經(jīng)濟騰飛的勃勃生機。
鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)四周峰巒疊嶂,群山蒼翠,植被覆蓋率達95%,形成了與周邊環(huán)境不同的獨特的“康樂型”氣候環(huán)境。昔日默默無聞的偏遠山村,今日已成為“中國生物圈保護區(qū)”“浙江省森林公園”“浙江省農(nóng)家樂特色示范村”。鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)又是“余杭區(qū)大徑山鄉(xiāng)村國家公園”旅游板塊中的重要組成部分,已成為余杭新的旅游熱點和慢生活體驗地,正在打造處處是景的旅游小鎮(zhèn),創(chuàng)建人人向往的“國際慢城”。
“很慶幸來到這里,每一口空氣都蕩滌著塵封的心靈;很慶幸來到這里,每一處土地都讓我回到最初的自己……”這是小鎮(zhèn)宣傳片《遇見鸕鳥》里的幾句臺詞。男女主角在這相遇,一起看竹海、玩漂流、嘗蜜梨、觀鰲魚燈表演。宣傳片在官方微信公眾號上首發(fā)后,短短一周時間里,就已經(jīng)有2萬多閱讀量。
“鸕鳥的山水資源豐富,又有‘紅色底蘊,借助宣傳片和微信等傳播方式,既輕松好玩又有很高的傳播效率。”副鎮(zhèn)長馮月娟介紹。
但是,僅僅底蘊、旅游資源,并不能解讀鸕鳥近幾年發(fā)展的突飛猛進。在這部宣傳片里,幾個不起眼的關(guān)于民宿的鏡頭,才真正讓人窺斑見豹。
從杭州出發(fā),開車半小時就能到鸕鳥,路兩邊不時會出現(xiàn)各種各樣民宿招牌。民宿可謂是鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)旅游經(jīng)濟中的一張名片。依托山好、水好、空氣好、旅游資源多,離主城區(qū)近等眾多優(yōu)勢,鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)近些年通過閑置民宅盤活、公司運作、村集體入股、農(nóng)家樂就地轉(zhuǎn)型等方式,著力打造民宿小鎮(zhèn)。
2016年10月國慶長假前夕,鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)前莊村5套由二手海運集裝箱組裝而成的民宿悄然立起,名字叫“Green+House集裝箱綠屋”。
項目負責(zé)人肖斐,大學(xué)讀植物專業(yè),畢業(yè)后從事過多年的園林綠化工程。“集裝箱民宿其實就是一個‘野天堂,沒有都市生活里擁擠的交通和污染的空氣,可以成為解壓之地,來的人可以像野孩子一樣在這里釋放自己?!毙れ痴f,游客可在此喝茶、聊天,“有其獨特的風(fēng)格”。
Green+House在鸕鳥并不是個例,比如菩提谷民宿彩虹店,在設(shè)計上創(chuàng)新理念,圍繞引青山入房、砌土石麻繩為墻的生態(tài)建筑方式,讓游客體驗返璞歸真的山村生活,迎合城里人“關(guān)掉手機,親近自然”的消費需求,已經(jīng)成為鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)乃至全余杭區(qū)民宿業(yè)的樣板。
再比如,這里還有一家“發(fā)靨咖啡”店,就是由兩個集裝箱改造而來。店主鄭梁楷說起當初緣由:“集裝箱同后面的山景搭配得很奇妙,我覺得特別美?!?/p>
這些“潮玩具”,相比于傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)家樂,更具備國際范兒,也更能吸引年輕人的目光。因此,來鸕鳥山鄉(xiāng)度假的游客中,消費能力更強的年輕人、白領(lǐng)比例更高?!吧踔吝€有不少外國留學(xué)生選擇來這里度假?!币患颐袼薜闹魅烁嬖V筆者。
僅憑民宿、咖啡店,當然還不足以撐起鸕鳥的“國際范”。對致力于打造集“鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)鄉(xiāng)韻鄉(xiāng)愁、美景美食美夢”于一體的鸕鳥來說,需要主動創(chuàng)新“玩法”,才能構(gòu)建完整的生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。
事實上,房車宿營地才是當?shù)亓硪粋€非常值得一提的特色。
“你為什么住車上?”“這是一種生活方式,跟你說不明白。”葛優(yōu)在電影《不見不散》里開啟了國人對房車的第一印象。沙發(fā)、臥室、衛(wèi)生間、電視、冰箱、音響、燃氣灶等幾乎所有現(xiàn)代居家的生活所需,都能在“移動的家”——房車上實現(xiàn)。作為一種新型的“旅居”生活方式,鸕鳥的房車宿營地,是距離杭州最近距離的、能夠體驗房車魅力的地方。
當?shù)芈糜尾块T介紹,一天租金在700元左右的房車,可以滿足全家人的要求。自駕到達鸕鳥房車營地公園后,可以在營地參加騎馬、釣魚、森林浴、游學(xué)等活動,也可以到山溝溝、徑山、雙溪等鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)等周邊景點游玩。未來,營地增加木屋、民宿、帳篷酒店等功能區(qū)后,營地本身就是一個綜合性的旅游度假區(qū)。
來鸕鳥休閑的游客,不少是帶著孩子的,隨著“爸爸去哪兒”等親子真人秀的熱播,國內(nèi)親子游的熱潮不退。親子游怎么玩?鸕鳥的房車露營地就開啟了新玩法:帶著自己的寶貝,開著房車,一家人躺在一起看星星,去林間水邊尋找螢火蟲。
對于親子旅游業(yè)發(fā)展,鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)政府工作人員接受采訪時表示,未來的親子旅游業(yè)將不再是以純粹的觀光為主,而是強調(diào)“體驗式”旅游。父母和孩子在大自然里一起動手實踐、共同體驗,比如鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)的蜜梨采摘游、親子漂流、騎馬等項目都可以極大地增進親子感情,讓父母帶著孩子們重拾鄉(xiāng)野的快樂,寓教于樂。
一家人開房車旅行在歐洲十分普遍,然而在國內(nèi)還沒有成為主流。鸕鳥的房車露營地,將中國父母對于房車旅游的美好憧憬變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。
除此之外,還有不少帶著國際元素的項目正在鸕鳥上馬。新湖鸕鳥希爾頓酒店開始裝修,“山水雅宸”旅游地產(chǎn)即將結(jié)頂,菩提谷民宿成為全區(qū)樣板,地?zé)幔厝┿@探進入水量測試階段……
而這一切,齊齊指向鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)在2017年初提出的一個新概念“國際慢城”。
作為一個生活悠然、休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達的地方,鸕鳥打造“慢城”有著天賦異稟,然而如何讓“慢城”與“國際”掛鉤?鎮(zhèn)政府是這樣解讀的:“‘國際慢城是一個舶來品,源起于意大利,致力于營造高品質(zhì)的生活,關(guān)心小鎮(zhèn)居民與客人,維持純凈的自然環(huán)境,保護地方獨特文化,推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展技術(shù)及健康生活方式。這個國際理念和我們鸕鳥的發(fā)展理念是高度吻合的。同時,隨著杭州市大力實施城市國際化戰(zhàn)略,大步邁向世界名城,以及杭州全域旅游的不斷推進,對于在杭州半小時交通圈內(nèi)的鸕鳥也迎來了邁入國際的時機?!?/p>
馬爾克斯說:“越是民族的,就越是世界的。”鸕鳥鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村文化,盡力打造本土旅游特色,在國際元素的裝點下,成為“國際慢城”候選地,這樣的經(jīng)驗,本身就有特殊的意義。
(本文照片由作者提供)
Luniao Town (Cormorant Town) in Yuhang, a key district 50 kilometers northwest of the downtown Hangzhou, is morphing into a huge tourism attraction. The development is considered a perfect example of how the town responds to the provinces campaign to build special towns.
Without any manufacturing business, the town focuses upon its endowed natural resources and does everything possible to promote a rural tourism industry. The 7- km2 town boasts numerous mountains with a forest coverage rate of 95%. Shangougou, a village flanked by Yaotou Mountain at 1,095 meters above sea level and Hongtao Mountain at 1,025 meters above sea level, is an exemplary tourist attraction in the town of cormorants for urbanites. The village is now a member of China Biosphere Reserve and it is a Zhejiang Forest Park and Zhejiang Model Village for Rural Tourism.
With 13 administrative villages and a population of 12,000, Luniao is now a key component of the Greater Jingshan Mountain Rural National Park, which is a major tourism attraction of Yuhang District. It takes about half an hour to drive to the town from the downtown Hangzhou.
What the town offers is a slow-paced lifestyle in addition to its forests and mountains, countryside food, hands-on fun events, clean rivers, and fresh air.
Many village houses in Luniao have been turned into small hostels and restaurants operated by tourism companies. What is more, some second-hand containers are installed and adapted into spaces for accommodation near scenic spots. Before October 2016, a small hostel composed of 5 containers was quietly installed at Qianzhuang Village. The containers were set up and decorated in a smart way so as to merge harmoniously with the environment and offer tourists a unique, refreshing and enjoyable experience of living in the paradise-like wilderness. Some hostels are adapted from old village houses and present the rural elements, rarely seen in modernized cities. Rainbow Hostel in Linden Valley is a perfect model of village bed and food businesses. Tourists can stay there for a night or two to enjoy nature and unwind with their mobile phones turned off.
The town boasts a café set up in two second-hand containers. The operator Zheng Liangkai thought it amazing to find the two containers merge excellently with the scenic hillside in the background.
These unusual hostels and cafés and other trendy facilities appeal especially to the young white-collar professionals from neighboring cities. They account for a majority of the tourists visiting villages of Luniao. They spend more and stay longer. Many international students find Luniao attractive too.
Another big attraction in the town of cormorants is a recreational van camp where tourists can rent a recreational vehicle and stay there for a night or two. And this is one of the RV camps closet to the downtown Hangzhou. A vehicle is rented at 700 yuan a night, a price appropriate for a whole family. From the camp, tourists can easily reach out to tourist attractions in the mountains. From the camp, tourists can also easily reach places where they can ride horses, fish, and follow mountain trails and take a stroll in the forest. The camp plans to add spaces for wood cottages and tents and more amenity facilities so as to turn the camp into a full-function tourist attraction in its own right.
A few more tourist attractions and hospital facilities are under construction now in Luniao.
The town aims to create a slow-paced rural utopia where urbanites can hang out to unwind and recharge themselves. The town aims to grow into an international “slow-life” tourist attraction.