烏得勒支中央火車站，烏得勒支，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：本特姆-克勞韋爾建筑師事務(wù)所

荷蘭最大、最繁忙的火車站正式啟用了。烏得勒支中央火車站原先是為每年約3500萬乘客建造的。目前火車站每年有8800萬人。這個數(shù)字還在不斷增長，預(yù)計(jì)到2030年乘客數(shù)將達(dá)到一億。2003年以來，本特姆-克勞韋爾建筑師事務(wù)所一直在參與這座火車站的發(fā)展建設(shè)。13年后，這座將火車、公共汽車和有軌電車站臺集于一個起伏屋頂之下的新公共交通樞紐終于啟用了。

一體化車站綜合體

20年后，烏得勒支中央火車站的乘客數(shù)將增長到每年約一億人。由于之前的建筑無法滿足不斷增長的乘客數(shù)，烏得勒支中央火車站的重建勢在必行。它的面積將擴(kuò)大到原來的三倍，成為新的一體化車站綜合體，統(tǒng)籌調(diào)度火車、有軌電車和公共汽車的運(yùn)行。這座車站已經(jīng)成為一座自治的建筑，并且在面向會議中心和面向市區(qū)的兩個入口處分別設(shè)有新的城市廣場。在2017年，面向市區(qū)的廣場將建成世界上最大的自行車庫，可以容納12,500輛自行車。

起伏的屋頂

在設(shè)計(jì)階段，揚(yáng)·本特姆和梅爾斯·克勞韋爾提出了設(shè)計(jì)思路，將烏得勒支中央火車站原來的平屋頂改為一道波浪，既展現(xiàn)富有韻律的動感，又是天然的指路標(biāo)。這道波浪沿著大廳的縱向橫跨鐵軌，并指明了出入口。這道波浪有三股“起伏”：火車站上方最高，有軌電車和公交車站的兩側(cè)較低。這些起伏也體現(xiàn)著車站功能的邏輯分布。為了給車站提供更多的自然光而設(shè)計(jì)了玻璃天窗，同時也是排煙口。天花板上連續(xù)的LED燈突出了起伏的動感。由于鋼屋頂有著生動的波浪造型，雖然建筑高度較低（18m），車站在周圍的建筑和辦公樓中也可以很醒目。

活力四射的車站

車站一側(cè)設(shè)有一條橫跨軌道的公共步行街，過路的人無需使用“乘車芯片卡”就可以從西走到東。餐廳、商店和將來可能出現(xiàn)的市場使步行街宛如城市中的街道。巨大的玻璃幕墻懸掛在車站235m長、85m寬的屋頂下，人們可以借此一覽火車、鐵軌和開闊的城市景觀。車站的室內(nèi)空間有一種內(nèi)斂、謙和的魅力：是人、標(biāo)識、運(yùn)載和其他新增設(shè)施讓這座車站活力四射、繽紛絢爛?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

1 夜景/Night view

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view

The largest and busiest train station in the Netherlands is officially open. Utrecht Central Station was once built for approximately 35 million passengers per year. Currently 88 million people use the station annually. This number is constantly increasing and is expected to reach one hundred million passengers in 2030. Benthem Crouwel Architects has been involved in the development of the train station since 2003. Thirteen years later, the new public transport terminal that will house train,bus and tram platforms under one undulating roof,has opened.

One integral station complex

Over the next two decades, the number of travelers to Utrecht Central Station will grow to about a hundred million per year. Since the previous building could not handle the increasing amounts of passengers, Utrecht Central Station has been rebuilt - three times its original size - to one new integrated station complex, which regulates the transport of train, tram and bus. The station has become an autonomous building with two new city squares on both entrances, the side of the Jaarbeurs (convention centre) and the city side. In 2017, under the square on the city side, the largest bicycle parking facility in the world will be finished,accommodating 12,500 bicycles.

Undulation

During the design phase Jan Benthem and Mels Crouwel had the idea to design the original flat roof of Utrecht Central Station as a wave that radiates a dynamic movement and also functions as a natural way finder. Transverse to the tracks, in the longitudinal direction of the hall, the wave refers to the entrances and exits.The wave has three 'undulations': the highest above the train station, the lower ones on each side contain the tram and bus stations. The waves also represent the logical distribution of functions in the station. To receive more natural daylight in the terminal, glass skylights were designed, which also function as smoke hatches.The undulating movement is emphasised by the continuous LED lights on the ceiling. Thanks to the significant wavy shape of the steel roof -and a relative low-rise building (18 metres high)- the station is clearly recognizable among the neighbouring buildings and offices.

Lively station

Located on one side of the station, there is a station promenade, a public street, which crosses the railroad tracks. Now a passer-by is able to move from west to east without having to use a "chip card". Restaurants, shops, and a possible market gives this promenade the atmosphere of a real city street. Through large glass walls, serving as curtains hanging from the roof of 235 by 85 metres, the stations offers all kinds of stunning lookouts, to trains, tracks and expansive views of the city. The interior has a reserved allure and modest charm:it is the people, signage, vehicles and other typical additions that make the station alive and vibrant,and give colour and ambiance.□

3-5 外景/Exterior views

7 大廳層平面/Hall fl oor plan

8 屋頂平面/Roof plan

11-13 剖面/Sections

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與環(huán)境部，荷蘭鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理公司，烏得勒支地區(qū)管理委員會，荷蘭鐵路客運(yùn)公司，烏得勒支市政府/Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Ministerie IenM), ProRail, Bestuur Regio Utrecht, NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen/Dutch Railways),Municipality of Utrecht

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Jan Benthem, Mels Crouwel項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team: Jan Benthem, Mels Crouwel,Anja Blechen, Amir Farokhian, Paul van Ginkel, Marcel de Goede, Bregje de Groot, Angelique Haver, Roderik van der Meulen, Rogier Putter, Pieter Rijpstra, Pieter van Rooij,Henk van Rossum, Job Schro?n, Florentijn Vleugels, Joep Windhausen

功能/Function: 火車、公共汽車、有軌電車、商業(yè)空間；8條鐵道（每天1500班列車），兩個公共汽車站臺（每天3000車次），一座有軌電車站臺（2018年啟用）/Train, bus, tram, commercial spaces; 8 train tracks (1500 trains per day), 2 bus platforms (3000 buses per day), 1 tram platform (from 2018)

設(shè)計(jì)開始時間/Start Design: 2003

施工開始時間/Start Construction: 2010

項(xiàng)目管理/Project Management: Movares consultants &engineers

承建商/Contractor: Besix Nederland Branch

建筑面積/Floor Area: 25,000m2（加建之前/before new construction: 8,000m2）

2016年日乘客流量/Passengers per day in 2016: 200,000

2030年預(yù)計(jì)日乘客流量/Passenger per day in 2030: 360,000攝影/Photos: Jannes Linders, Irvin van Hemert

圖紙/Drawings: Benthem Crouwel Architects

評論

王睦：烏德勒支中央車站的改造，致力于在車站地區(qū)于1960年代已建成的一個包含商業(yè)、辦公、居住、文化和體育設(shè)施等功能在內(nèi)的車站綜合體的基礎(chǔ)上，更好地解決車站和城市之間的關(guān)系。主要任務(wù)是：（1）彌合該地區(qū)與城市間在城市肌理上的明顯裂痕；（2）重新進(jìn)行功能布局，提升公共空間的品質(zhì)，激發(fā)車站地區(qū)和城市的活力；（3）降低居民出行對小汽車的依賴。本次改造，目標(biāo)已經(jīng)達(dá)到，并使得車站規(guī)模是原來的3倍，集火車、汽車和有軌電車等交通系統(tǒng)于一體。車站的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)是：候車室、餐廳、商店及其他設(shè)施，均被置于由玻璃幕墻和一整塊銀白色鋼制屋頂所組成的空間內(nèi)。屋頂呈起伏波浪狀，屋頂下沿著“波動”的方向，密布了連續(xù)的LED燈；屋頂表面撐開了數(shù)扇玻璃天窗。同內(nèi)部功能邏輯一致的屋頂起伏給城市增添了柔和活躍的氣息。

夏海山：交通建筑對于城市空間可以有很強(qiáng)的催化作用，像傳統(tǒng)教堂廣場那樣，激發(fā)城市活力。交通樞紐如何成為鮮活的城市空間？荷蘭建筑師用他們的理解給出了一個解答。軌道對城市空間造成的物理割裂通過車站平臺長廊得到縫補(bǔ)，并將多種城市功能、運(yùn)輸樞紐與老城中心連接起來，組織多種交通的換乘空間邏輯清晰，火車、有軌電車及公交做到同廳換乘。采用智能化管理的自行車集中換乘值得提倡。從波浪屋頂與透明玻璃墻到輕松的大廳空間，交通建筑本身也表達(dá)了荷蘭人精巧與浪漫的生活態(tài)度。

Comments

WANG Mu: The renovation of Utrecht Central Station aimed at a better connection the station with the city on the basis of the original station complex consisting of commercial, working, residential, cultural, and sports facilities and other functions built in the 1960s in the station area. The main tasks are: (1) to bridge the obvious crack in urban texture between this area and the city; (2) to rearrange the functional layout, enhance the quality of public space, and stimulate the vitality of the station area and the city; (3) to reduce the dependence of citizen transport on vehicles. The goals had been achieved through this renovation, and the size of the station became 3 times as the one before,with different transportation systems integrated together including trains, cars and trams. The main design feature of the station is that the waiting rooms,restaurants, shops and other facilities are all placed in the space made up of glass curtain walls and a whole silver white steel roof. The corrugated roof is set along the "fluctuating" direction, and continuous LED lights are densely arranged under the roof; several glass skylights are opened on the roof surface. The waves of the roof, in line with the internal functional logic,add a kind of soft and active atmosphere to the city.(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

XIA Haishan: Transportation terminal buildings can serve a strong catalytic function for urban space. Like traditional church squares, they have a stimulating effect on the energy of a city. How can a transportation centre become a vibrant urban space? In the case of Utrecht Central Station, Dutch architects are presenting their solution. The physical separation of the urban space caused by the rail tracks is cancelled out by the platform promenade, which links up the separated parts. The station building connects a variety of urban functions, transit hubs and the centre of the old city,and integrates different kinds of public transportation with clear logic – passengers can easily change between trains, trams and buses in the same terminal. The smart parking and transit system for cyclists is worthy of special praise. The undulating roof, the transparent glass walls, as well as the relaxing lobby space all express the excellent craftsmanship and romantic character of the Dutch people.(Translated by ZHANG Xin)

14-16 內(nèi)景/Interior views