劉峰,陳凱,王斌
(天津市北辰醫(yī)院,天津300400)
近年來研究顯示,長鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA)在劑量補(bǔ)償效應(yīng)、表觀遺傳調(diào)控、細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控、細(xì)胞分化、細(xì)胞凋亡及腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展調(diào)控等方面發(fā)揮重要作用[1]。隨著高通量轉(zhuǎn)錄組測序技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,越來越多的lncRNA被陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn),但目前大部分lncRNA的確切生物學(xué)功能及作用機(jī)制并不清楚[2]。lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA Gas5、lncRNA h19、lncRNA MALAT1、lncRNA MEG3是新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的與惡性腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的lncRNA[3~7],本研究探討其對乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)測價值。
1.1基本資料選擇2015年2月~2016年11月天津市北辰醫(yī)院收治的60例乳腺癌患者,均為女性,年齡36~7(52.2±12.6)歲,病程(1.2±0.3)個月;術(shù)前病理穿刺,病理學(xué)或細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查確診為乳腺癌。均行乳腺癌切除手術(shù),術(shù)前未進(jìn)行新輔助放化療、放療或免疫治療;術(shù)后病理檢查根據(jù)WHO制定乳腺癌分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn):Ⅰ期30例,Ⅱ期21例,Ⅲ期9例。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡<18歲;②合并其他惡性腫瘤;③孕產(chǎn)婦;④HIV陽性。術(shù)中留取手術(shù)切除的原發(fā)腫瘤組織和配對區(qū)域淋巴結(jié)組織各60例份,在液氮中速凍,將組織置于-80 ℃冰箱保存。淋巴結(jié)組織行病理檢查顯示淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移30例份,將其配對原發(fā)腫瘤組織作為轉(zhuǎn)移組;未發(fā)生淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移30例份,將其配對原發(fā)腫瘤組織作為非轉(zhuǎn)移組。本研究通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會審核,患者及家屬均簽署知情同意書。
表1 兩組lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA Gas5、lncRNA h19、lncRNA MALAT1、lncRNA MEG3相對表達(dá)量比較
注:與非轉(zhuǎn)移組比較,*P<0.01。
圖1 轉(zhuǎn)移組lncRNA HOTAIR與lncRNA MALAT1表達(dá)相關(guān)性散點圖
1.3lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1對乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷效能繪制lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,根據(jù)貝葉斯定量計算其診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值、截斷值、診斷優(yōu)勢比(DOR)及曲線下面積(AUC)。結(jié)果顯示lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的截斷值分別為2.88、2.06,此時lncRNA HOTAIR診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、DOR及AUC均高于lncRNA MALAT1。見表2。
表2 lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1對乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷效能
lncRNA具有類型多、數(shù)量多、作用機(jī)制多等特點[7,8]。近年來研究顯示,與未轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)組織比較,乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結(jié)組織中l(wèi)ncRNA HOTAIR表達(dá)明顯升高;進(jìn)一步的生物學(xué)研究采用siRNA技術(shù)下調(diào)乳腺癌細(xì)胞lncRNA HOTAIR表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示乳腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力明顯減低;該研究認(rèn)為lncRNA HOTAIR參與了乳腺癌的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移,可作為抑制乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移的分子靶點[9]。但目前大部分研究都集中在其分子機(jī)制上,且研究對象多為細(xì)胞系,應(yīng)用分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)探討lncRNA如何調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移,在臨床患者中的相關(guān)研究較少。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA Gas5、lncRNA h19、lncRNA MALAT1、lncRNA MEG3 在多種腫瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、腸癌、頭頸部鱗癌組織中表達(dá)升高,且在轉(zhuǎn)移病灶中的表達(dá)水平明顯高于未轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,提示上述lncRNA可能參與了上述腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移過程[10~16]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)移組lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1相對表達(dá)量均明顯高于對照組,且轉(zhuǎn)移組lncRNA HOTAIR與lncRNA MALAT1相對表達(dá)量呈正相關(guān),兩組lncRNA Gas5、lncRNA h19、lncRNA MEG3相對表達(dá)量比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;提示lncRNA HOTAIR與lncRNA MALT1可能共同參與了乳腺癌的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移過程。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移截斷值分別為2.88、2.06時,lncRNA HOTAIR診斷乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感性、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、DOR及AUC均高于lncRNA MALAT1;提示lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1可作為預(yù)測乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的腫瘤標(biāo)志物;但lncRNA HOTAIR的診斷效能高于lncRNA MALAT1。
綜上所述,乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者癌組織lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1表達(dá)均升高,癌組織lncRNA HOTAIR檢測對乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷價值高于lncRNA MALAT1。但本研究納入患者例數(shù)較少,且患者均來自同一個醫(yī)療單位,可能存在研究對象的選擇性偏倚。未來可擴(kuò)大樣本量并進(jìn)行多中心臨床研究,進(jìn)一步明確lncRNA HOTAIR、lncRNA MALAT1作為乳腺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)測標(biāo)志物的可行性。
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