穿越萬里尋找手藝人

鴻文

張景賣掉房子用三年時間拍了紀(jì)錄片《尋找手藝》，開始被多家電視臺拒絕。他破釜沉舟上網(wǎng)免費(fèi)展播，一夜之間紅了起來，網(wǎng)友好評如潮。隨后迎來了鹿晗加盟、央視簽約、電影節(jié)評選入圍等一連串好事。這個過山車般的“起死回生”歷程，讓張景感慨不已。

目前，第二部已籌備完畢。尤其鹿晗的加盟合作，讓張景信心滿滿。張景表示仍將紀(jì)錄片的內(nèi)容價值、真實(shí)性和人性的溫暖放在第一位，相比專業(yè)性和藝術(shù)性更重要。

輾轉(zhuǎn)23個省市拍紀(jì)錄片，尋訪199位手藝人

張景是浙江一所高校96級攝影班的學(xué)生。在大二時，他騎行中國，發(fā)現(xiàn)原來中國其他地方也和自己家鄉(xiāng)一樣，有很多手藝，夢想畢業(yè)以后把這一切都記錄下來，做一個成功的紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演。

1999年畢業(yè)后離開學(xué)校，張景便來到了北京闖蕩。2001年，曾到中央電視臺《發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅》欄目任職。

此后在面臨夢想和創(chuàng)業(yè)選擇時，張景選擇了后者。他從央視辭職自己創(chuàng)辦了一家拍攝紀(jì)錄片的文化公司。但拍紀(jì)錄片方向在哪里？張景想起家鄉(xiāng)湖南西部的一個山村，村里唯一需要購買的物資是鹽，其他都能自給自足，村民就靠祖?zhèn)鞯氖炙噿赍X買鹽。但現(xiàn)在這些手藝很多行將消失，更不用說傳給子女這一代了。

對！拍一部尋找中國傳統(tǒng)手藝的紀(jì)錄片，讓下一代能看到，中國不止現(xiàn)代城市文明，在逐漸被遺忘的傳統(tǒng)文明里，還藏著另一個世界。

張景這個想法，對于一家國家媒體或者專業(yè)影視公司來說，要實(shí)現(xiàn)也不是那么容易，這需要一支熟練的專業(yè)團(tuán)隊、專業(yè)的攝影器材、周密的前期計劃、雄厚的專項(xiàng)資金，更重要的是拍出來之后，要有充分的宣傳渠道與播放平臺以及回報盈利模式。這些缺一不可，否則就無法成功。

張景賣掉一套在燕郊的小房子，又通過親戚朋友資助，再加上積蓄一共籌備了160多萬元。他找了三個喜歡拍片的伙伴：司機(jī)何思庚、錄音師喻攀、攝影師小蔣。就這樣，2014年5月，張景帶著這個草根團(tuán)隊出發(fā)了。從山西柳林孟門鎮(zhèn)的桑皮紙，到甘肅景泰的羊皮筏子;從云南勐海縣的純手工天然原料油紙傘，到四川雅安的滎經(jīng)砂;從安徽萬安的手作羅盤，到安徽涇縣的千年宣紙;從湖南荷香橋鎮(zhèn)的桿秤，到新疆的英吉沙刀;從新疆和田的“神一樣的樂器”巴拉曼，到西藏達(dá)孜的鍛銅佛像……張景一行輾轉(zhuǎn)23個省市，尋訪到199位手藝人，記錄了144項(xiàng)行將消失的傳統(tǒng)手藝制作全過程，以及手藝人的情懷和背后的故事。

126天后，張景帶著這些厚重且有溫度的素材回了北京，開始進(jìn)入后期制作。本來，張景以為3個月就可以完成，然而他沒想到，最后這個過程從三個月變成了26個月，光改稿子就改了40多遍，后期配音達(dá)10多遍。歷時近3年，終于完成了這部片長212分鐘的紀(jì)錄片。

與此同時，張景在豆瓣的個人主頁、知乎的問題主頁和話題專欄……都用帶有個人頭像的賬號“張景的景”，記錄了“三人行”的一些幕后故事，發(fā)布了長達(dá)18萬字的手記。

文字樸實(shí)無華，大多像日記一般，記錄了一路上的所見所聞，也偶有個人感慨。“現(xiàn)在心里很敞亮，在拍攝過程中，遇到了太多讓我感動的人。比如用一整張銅皮手工打造出一尊佛像的鍛銅人土旦，價值三四十萬元一尊，他每年都會捐贈給貧窮的寺院;比如一輩子專心做油紙傘的坎溫老人，他們告訴我賺錢并不是人生唯一的目標(biāo)。”

通過尋訪，張景的內(nèi)心得到了凈化。他情不自禁將自己的感受寫在文案里：看到這些手藝人即使陷于沒落的境地，也不會為了錢而放棄良心，他們始終堅守祖?zhèn)魇炙嚨囊?guī)矩;他們對現(xiàn)狀和這個國家沒有任何抱怨，只默默地做著自己的事。

尋找行將消失的中國傳統(tǒng)手藝，是紀(jì)錄片最重要的價值

成片出來后，張景曾通過全國各地的校友引薦，把片子送到了一些電視臺，但被拒絕了。前后花費(fèi)160多萬元拍的紀(jì)錄片難道就這樣全泡湯了，接下去的第二部怎么辦？

張景的眼前晃動著被尋訪手藝人的身影、他們的熱情和憂傷的眼神。他突然醒悟了：自己拍攝的這部紀(jì)錄片價值在哪里？不就是為了尋找、搶救行將消失的中國傳統(tǒng)手藝，展現(xiàn)其歷史文化價值，這才是這部紀(jì)錄片最重要的價值所在。他決定破釜沉舟，是騾子是馬，拉上網(wǎng)去遛遛。

張景以最真實(shí)最真誠的方式向網(wǎng)友展示拍攝的整個過程，包括背后的故事以及拍攝的個性化情緒等內(nèi)容。與此同時，把這些本來發(fā)生在影片背后的故事，全然事無巨細(xì)地像講故事一樣告知了觀眾，既顯得標(biāo)新立異，又讓人感覺毫無掩飾。所有這一切都與央視、BBC紀(jì)錄片的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)宏大的敘事背景和場面截然不同，與那些知名紀(jì)錄片《舌尖上的中國》《地球脈動》《第三極》更是無法相比，后者哪一部沒有龐大而專業(yè)的攝制團(tuán)隊？哪一部不是知名配音做解說？哪一部的解說文案不是辭藻華麗、立意高遠(yuǎn)？

但正是張景這種帶有一種“隨意性”的拍攝，拉近了與網(wǎng)友的距離，讓人備感親近真實(shí)。《尋找手藝》采用平民化視角，在手藝的尋找和制作過程中，可以看到意外、失落、驚喜等情緒，這種不期而遇的尋找，在細(xì)枝末節(jié)處向觀眾闡釋全片的一個事實(shí)：尋找的不僅是手藝，更重要的是尋找手藝人，展現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)文化的價值。張景把片子分成五集，放在視頻分享平臺嗶哩嗶哩（下稱 B 站）、豆瓣等人氣較高、90后聚集的網(wǎng)站上。

反響出乎意料，滿屏彈幕、瘋狂打 CALL。B站一天一萬多點(diǎn)擊量，一周內(nèi)點(diǎn)擊破7萬、彈幕達(dá)5萬條，而豆瓣評分8.8，負(fù)面評價不足1%，很多人看完后又重看，并迅速轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

《尋找手藝》迅速得到了眾多自媒體的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。張景發(fā)現(xiàn)了這么一個現(xiàn)象——喜歡這部片子的都是年輕人。有朋友將片子推薦給一個班主任老師，老師覺得很不錯，拿到班上放，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們都很喜歡。他們說，通過片子真的看到了傳統(tǒng)手藝的溫暖。

這部紀(jì)錄片迅速走紅網(wǎng)絡(luò)，成為一部點(diǎn)播量達(dá)到400多萬次的網(wǎng)紅紀(jì)錄片，當(dāng)下頗受年輕人歡迎的紀(jì)錄片。隨即，傳統(tǒng)媒體電視臺和北京青年報等主流媒體也開始追訪張景，對他的事跡進(jìn)行了報道。

上海電視臺紀(jì)實(shí)頻道找到張景，雙方簽約，11月1日《尋找手藝》正式開播。

2017年11月20日，鹿晗工作室通過微博找到張景，加盟《尋找手藝》進(jìn)行合作。很快，點(diǎn)播量立馬飆升到了3000多萬。12月1日，央視科教頻道與張景簽約，將開播《尋找手藝》。

好事一件接著一件，中國電視藝術(shù)協(xié)會給予《尋找手藝》一等獎。該紀(jì)錄片先后入圍2017嘉峪關(guān)國際短片電影展、2017廣州紀(jì)錄片節(jié)、2017深圳青年影像節(jié)最佳紀(jì)錄片等。北京市廣電局向國家廣電總局推薦，在廣州紀(jì)錄片節(jié)上，國家廣電總局推薦該作品入圍，導(dǎo)演張景作為指定嘉賓上臺發(fā)言，暢談拍攝紀(jì)錄片《尋找手藝》感想，現(xiàn)場引起強(qiáng)烈反響。

用接地氣的平民視角，籌拍《尋找手藝》下一部

《尋找手藝》火了之后，接連幾個月，張景的生活都被見投資方、見合作方和見媒體等填滿。這對張景來說是件好事，因?yàn)榻酉聛硭牡诙恳舱枰罅抠Y金并繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大影響。

張景說，《尋找手藝》第二部正在籌備，啟動資金已經(jīng)自籌到位。團(tuán)隊還是原來的團(tuán)隊。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^這個片子，本來搞 IT 的何思庚徹底轉(zhuǎn)行，進(jìn)了攝像圈，什么時候開拍，他馬上就位;本來在香格里拉做客棧的喻攀雖說繼續(xù)做客棧，也時刻準(zhǔn)備著下一次的尋找手藝之旅;還有小蔣已進(jìn)了央視，有了一個更好的開始。拍攝的手法和思路還是延續(xù)第一部。

張景說，與高大上的紀(jì)錄大片相比，自己就是要走另一條路，用接地氣的平民視角，用尊重手藝人的仰視眼光來拍攝紀(jì)錄，那是再真實(shí)不過了，尋找行將消失的手藝的歷史價值，給予人性的溫暖。正如他在11月24日的北京紀(jì)實(shí)影像周紀(jì)錄片論壇上所說的，“對手藝人發(fā)自內(nèi)心的自信和尊重，是《尋找手藝》成功的基石?！痹趧?chuàng)作過程中，用仰視的眼光看待每一位“偶像”一般的手藝人;在技法上，不說教、不唱高調(diào)、不做任何定義;在內(nèi)容整合上，將對手藝人的敬仰和手藝人對自己的自信融入其中。

尤其鹿晗的加盟合作，讓張景信心爆棚。2017年11月20日，鹿晗的“M 鹿 M”、“鹿晗工作室”等微博發(fā)動了名下4891萬多粉絲參與，“尋找更多身邊的手藝人，傳遞溫暖，記錄美好”“為《尋找手藝》第二部選題助力”成為“鹿晗愿望季”的主推活動。

張景很清楚，《尋找手藝》之所以能成為網(wǎng)紅，成為90后00后喜愛的紀(jì)錄片，主要原因在于這個片子有傳統(tǒng)的溫度，有對這個國家的情感。90后、00后身上前所未有的文化自信，與片子里拍出的這些流傳許久的民間手藝帶給手藝人心中的自信，產(chǎn)生了共鳴。

（本文照片由作者提供）

In 2017， Zhang Jings filmmaking career saw a booming takeoff after three years of hard work and numerous turndowns and dismissals from mainstream media. Right now he is a star documentary filmmaker in the national spotlight.

A graduate of Zhejiang Media Academy in 1999， Zhang went to Beijing for career development and opportunities upon graduation. He worked for a CCTV program for a few years before he resigned and set up his own filmmaking studio.

Zhang had long since wanted to make documentaries. In his college years， he once embarked upon a bike tour across the country. This experience planted a seed in his heart to document folk crafts. Part of the inspiration also came from his home village in the west of Hunan， a province in central China. In his childhood memory， the traditional life of the village was almost wholly self-sufficient. There were all kinds of craftsmen in the village. The only commodity the village needed from the outside world was salt. The villagers sold their handmade goods and bought salt. Such a life went on for centuries.

To raise funds for his first documentary project， he sold an apartment in Beijing. His friends and relatives also chipped in. He raised 1.6 million yuan. Three friends joined him： a driver， a sound recorder， and a cameraman. The driver was to move the team around and across the country. The three were to make the documentary.

In May 2014， the team set out to produce the documentary. In 126 days， they traveled through 23 provinces and municipalities， visited 199 craftsmen， and documented complete production procedures of 144 crafts that were vanishing.

About four months later， Zhang and his team came back to Beijing. Zhang had thought the postproduction period would take about three months. But it took much longer. In 26 months， he rewrote the screenplay over 40 times and did the voiceover and other voice tracks more than 10 times. The final documentary is over 212 minutes long.

While busying himself with the postproduction， Zhang did not forget to promote his first documentary on social media. He wrote and posted short essays and blogs about the three filmmakers efforts and interesting things that happened in their documentary filming journey across the country. Altogether， these texts added up to 180，000 words.

With the documentary ready， Zhang tried to find a mainstream media to present his work to the national audience. At first he tried his old-boy network. Many of his schoolmates were working in mainstream media including television studios. However， the documentary was turned down without exception.

He was not ready to accept the failure. He reorganized the documentary into five episodes and shared them at BiliBili， a website， extremely popular with the Millennials where videos are shared freely. He also shared the episodes at Douban， an online community whose film and television ranking system is looked up across the nation as an authoritative weather vane of the entertainment market.

The documentary went viral. It spread like wild fire. Many people shared it with their friends. Some recommended it to school teachers and teachers showed the documentary to their students. The phenomenal documentary at last caught the eye of some mainstream media. Interviews were published in newspapers and broadcast in television programs. Zhangs story was made known to the general public for the first time. The documentary channel of Shanghai Television gave him an offer. On November 1， was screened by Shanghai TV.

Zhangs career took an abrupt upward turn on November 20， 2017 when Lu Han， a star entertainer with a fanbase of 20 million， contacted Zhang Jing for further cooperation. If the documentary received over 4 million hits before the two studios signed a partnership， after the day， the hits skyrocketed to 30 million. On November 1， CCTV， the nations biggest television network， signed a contract with Zhang. His documentary was scheduled to be screened on Science and Education Channel.

The documentary was presented at various documentary festivals across the country toward the end of 2017. And investors have flooded in.

Zhang Jing is ready to start making a new documentary. The same team is ready. Zhang Jing knows why is so successful. The Millennials love watching documentaries. The first documentary he made highlights the tradition and the love for the nation， which the young born in the 1990s and in the 21st century embrace.