城市地下穿越工程的新理論與新技術(shù)

錢(qián)七虎

(陸軍工程大學(xué)爆炸沖擊防災(zāi)減災(zāi)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)室，中國(guó)工程院院士)

隨著現(xiàn)代地下空間利用的發(fā)展，城市地下工程建設(shè)正面臨越來(lái)越多的地下穿越工程，如: 下穿樓房、下穿鐵道等附加應(yīng)力較大且變形控制越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格的重要建筑物工程;也有諸如附加應(yīng)力小、變形控制不嚴(yán)，但江水壓力大容易造成螺旋輸送機(jī)發(fā)生土塞突涌或盾構(gòu)機(jī)上浮等險(xiǎn)情的下穿河流項(xiàng)目。無(wú)論哪種地下穿越工程，一旦發(fā)生事故，不僅影響工程自身的建設(shè)，還會(huì)對(duì)被穿越結(jié)構(gòu)或環(huán)境產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。所以，每項(xiàng)地下穿越工程的施工都會(huì)如履薄冰，必須格外謹(jǐn)慎。周順華教授新近出版的《地鐵盾構(gòu)法隧道下穿工程》，提出了“以控制開(kāi)挖應(yīng)力釋放(書(shū)中提法)來(lái)控制施工變形”的新理論，為地下開(kāi)挖工程的微變形設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)也為施工控制技術(shù)找到了一種新途徑。周順華教授將地下穿越施工變形分為絕對(duì)量控制和相控制，并給了具體的控制方法;同時(shí)指出，變形控制的難易程度取決于地層的工程和力學(xué)性質(zhì)，并給出了特定地層條件下盾構(gòu)機(jī)型和配置的選擇;在此基礎(chǔ)上，又提出了施工參數(shù)同盾構(gòu)機(jī)型、土層和隧道線型之間的相互影響關(guān)系。這些新穎的觀點(diǎn)，涉及個(gè)性化變形指標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)思想、變形協(xié)調(diào)控制方法，以及地下穿越工程的輔助措施設(shè)計(jì)等內(nèi)容。書(shū)中還提供了依據(jù)其新理論設(shè)計(jì)的下穿高速鐵路、下穿普速鐵路和鐵路樞紐的案例;同時(shí)，首次系統(tǒng)闡述了土壓平衡盾構(gòu)下穿大型江河湖泊時(shí)的抗上浮、螺旋輸送機(jī)防突涌和防高壓江水的技術(shù)要點(diǎn)。誠(chéng)如《地鐵盾構(gòu)法隧道下穿工程》所言:“盾構(gòu)法隧道下穿工程是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，影響因素眾多。工程人員只有熟知原理，及時(shí)掌握施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的動(dòng)態(tài)，才能因時(shí)、因勢(shì)采取針對(duì)措施，使施工按照預(yù)想的軌跡進(jìn)行?！毕嘈胖茼樔A教授提出的系統(tǒng)性理論和創(chuàng)新技術(shù)，必將對(duì)大幅提升我國(guó)地下穿越工程的技術(shù)水平發(fā)揮重要作用。

commentary

New Theory and Technology of Urban Underground Crossing Engineering

QIAN Qihu

(State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact，Army Engineering University of PLA，An academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering)

With the development of modern underground space utilization，urban underground engineering constructions are facing more and more underground crossing engineering． For example，some important building projects whose additional stress is larger and whose deformation control is getting more and more stringent，such as underground crossing buildings，underground crossing railways and etc． There are also such underground crossing river projects whose additional stress is small and whose deformation control is not strict，however，whose high river-water pressure is easy to cause the spiral conveyor to come about such dangerous cases as the earth plug's being abrupt gush or the shield machine's floating up． No matter what kind of underground crossing engineering，once an accident occurs，not only would project constructions themselves be affected，but also the structures or environment that are passed through underground would be made a huge impact． Therefore，every construction of underground crossing projects will be like walking on the thin ice，and extra caution must be paid to． "Metro Shield Method Tunneling Underground Crossing Engineering" that Professor Zhou Shunhua newly published puts forward a new theory of " controlling construction deformation by controlling excavation stress release" ( the formulation of this book) ，providing theoretical basis for micro-deformation design of underground excavation engineering，and at the same time，also finding a new way for construction control technology． Professor Zhou Shunhua divides the underground crossing construction deformation into absolute quantity control and relative quantity control，and introduces the concrete control methods． Meanwhile，he points out that the difficult or easy degrees of deformation control depend on stratum' s engineering and mechanical properties，and gives the choice and configuration of shield models under specific stratum conditions． Then，on this basis，he suggests again the interaction relations between construction parameters and shield models，soil layers andtunnel line-types．

These novel viewpoints involve the contents of the design idea of individualized deformation index, the method of deformation coordination control and the auxiliary measures design of underground crossing engineering, etc. In this book, the cases of underground crossing high-speed railways, underground crossing normal-speed railways and railway hubs that are designed according to his new theory are also provided. Meanwhile, the technique keynotes of anti-floating of earth-pressure balance shield′s underground crossing large rivers and lakes, preventing abrupt gush of the spiral conveyer and defending high-pressure river water are systematically elaborated for the first time.

Just as "Metro Shield Method Tunneling Underground Crossing Engineering" says: "Shield method tunneling underground crossing engineering is a systematic project, and there are many impact factors for them." Engineering personnel only well know the principles, timely grasp the dynamics of the construction site, and then they can take counter-measures according to time and situations, so as to make the construction carry on in accordance with the expected trajectory." It is believed that the systematic theory and innovation technique that Professor Zhou Shunhua puts forward in this book will play an important role in greatly improving the technical level of underground crossing engineering in our country.