李秀萍
定語(yǔ)位于所修飾詞語(yǔ)的前面叫前置定語(yǔ),放在所修飾詞語(yǔ)后面的定語(yǔ)叫后置定語(yǔ)。
一、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常作后置定語(yǔ)。如:
介詞短語(yǔ):
The pen on the desk is mine. 桌上的那支鋼筆是我的。
Three of them are from China. 他們當(dāng)中有三個(gè)人是來(lái)自中國(guó)。
There are birds singing in the tree. 樹(shù)上有小鳥(niǎo)在歌唱。
分詞短語(yǔ):
The girl wearing a pair of glasses is Susan. 戴眼鏡的女孩是蘇珊。
The house being built is Childrens House. 正在建造的房子是“兒童之家”。
The questions raised at the meeting must be paid attention to. 在會(huì)上被提出的問(wèn)題必須得引起注意。
不定式短語(yǔ):
Be brave! Theres nothing to fear. 勇敢點(diǎn)!沒(méi)有什么可恐懼的。
定語(yǔ)從句:
Jim began to talk to a girl who sat next to him. 吉姆開(kāi)始和坐在他身旁的姑娘講話。
二、單個(gè)的單詞作定語(yǔ)一般位于所修飾詞語(yǔ)的前面,即前置定語(yǔ)。如:
He is a clever boy. 他是位聰明的男孩。
但是,單個(gè)的單詞作定語(yǔ)在下列五種情況下則要后置:
1. 以a-開(kāi)頭的表語(yǔ)形容詞,或以-able/ible結(jié)尾,具有表語(yǔ)特征的形容詞。如alive, asleep, awake, reasonable, accessible, possible,以及present, ready等。
He is the greatest poet alive.他是活著的最偉大的詩(shī)人。
The person asleep is wounded badly. 睡著的這個(gè)人受傷很?chē)?yán)重。
They achieved their aims in every way possible. 他們盡一切可能的辦法達(dá)到了目標(biāo)。
Everybody present welcomed the decision. 出席的人都?xì)g迎那個(gè)決議。
2. 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的副詞。如today, yesterday, here, there, downstairs, upstairs, abroad, above等
The temperature today is seventy degrees Fahrenheit. 今天的氣溫是華氏70度。
The sport meeting yesterday was very successful. 昨天的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)非常成功。
The people here live a happy life. 這兒的人們過(guò)著幸福的生活。
The people there are friendly to us. 那里的人對(duì)我們很友好。
He turned the radio down so that he shouldnt disturb the old lady downstairs. 為了不打擾樓下的老太太,他把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低了。
I had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸運(yùn),被選中出國(guó)旅行。
Put the biscuits on the shelf above. 把餅干放到上面的架子上。
3. else修飾疑問(wèn)詞或不定代詞。
What else have you seen there?你在那兒還看到別的什么?
Where else would you like to travel?你還想到別的什么地方去旅游?
I have something else to do. 我還有別的事要辦。
Do you have anything else to ask me?還有別的事要問(wèn)我嗎?
4. 修飾不定代詞something, anything, nothing的形容詞。
Theres nothing difficult in the world. 世上無(wú)難事。
He told me something strange today. 他今天告訴了我件怪事。
5. 單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)通常作前置定語(yǔ),但有時(shí)也見(jiàn)后置的情況,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:
That man laughing(=who is laughing)is Li Leis father. 那個(gè)大笑的人是李雷的爸爸。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written). 這將是這類小說(shuō)中寫(xiě)得最好的。
Dont worry!Theres a little time left(=that is left). 不要擔(dān)心!還剩下一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
The problems concerned will be solved soon.(人們)所關(guān)心的問(wèn)題將很快得到解決。endprint