張文君 戈偉 伍龍
[摘要] 目的 探討腫瘤標(biāo)志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA125、CA724、CA199在左右半大腸腺癌診斷中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值及意義。 方法 回顧分析2015年7月~2016年7月在武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院經(jīng)病理確診的162例大腸腺癌患者,其中左半大腸腺癌97例,右半大腸腺癌65例,收集患者的血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物及臨床病理參數(shù)資料,比較分析左、右半大腸腺癌的差異。 結(jié)果 97例左半大腸腺癌患者中CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199的陽(yáng)性率分別為38.1%、25.8%、62.9%、30.9%,4種標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性率為59.8%;65例右半大腸腺癌患者中CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199的陽(yáng)性率分別為53.8%、23.0%、46.2%、40.0%,4種標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性率為64.6%。左半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯患者CA125的陽(yáng)性率、右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯者CA199的陽(yáng)性率、左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯CA199的陽(yáng)性率與未發(fā)生神經(jīng)侵犯者比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 腫瘤標(biāo)記CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199在左右半大腸腺癌中存在差異,聯(lián)合檢測(cè)可以提高陽(yáng)性率。CA125與CA199對(duì)左右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯具有指導(dǎo)意義,CA199對(duì)左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 大腸腺癌;血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物;癌胚抗原;CA125;CA724;CA199
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R735 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)12(a)-0004-05
[Abstract] Objective To explore the value and significance of CEA, CA125, CA724 and CA199 in the diagnosis and judgment of left and right sided colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods A total of 162 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas were diagnosed by pathology from July 2015 to July 2016 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed, including 97 cases of left colorectal adenocarcinomas and 65 cases of right colorectal adenocarcinomas. The serum tumor markers and clinical and pathological parameters of the patients were collected and the differences between left and right colorectal adenocarcinomas were analyzed. Results The positive rate of CEA, CA125, CA724 and CA199 in the left colorectal cancer patients were 38.1%, 25.8%, 62.9% and 30.9%, and the positive rate of four serum markers was 59.8%. The positive rate of CEA, CA125, CA724 and CA199 in 53 patients with right colorectal cancer were 53.8%, 23.0%, 46.2% and 40.0%, respectively, and the positive rate of the combination of four markers was 64.6%. The positive rate of CA125 in the left half of the results of neural invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma, CA199 in the right half of the results of neural colorectal adenocarcinoma, the difference was statistically significant, CA199 in the left and right semi-colorectal adenocarcinoma vascular invasion was different with those without neural invasion (P < 0.05). Conclusion Tumor markers CEA, CA125, CA724, CA199 in the left and right colorectal adenocarcinoma in the presence of differences, combined detection can improve the positive rate. CA125 and CA199 on the left and right colorectal adenocarcinoma nerve involvement have a guiding significance, CA199 on the left and right colorectal adenocarcinoma vascular invasion has a guiding significance.
[Key words] Colorectal adenocarcinoma; Serum tumor markers; CEA; CA125; CA724; CA199endprint
大腸癌是全球常見(jiàn)的癌癥之一,我國(guó)發(fā)病率和死亡率有逐年增高的趨勢(shì),早期發(fā)現(xiàn)是降低腫瘤死亡率的關(guān)鍵[1-2]。根據(jù)解剖部位不同分為右半大腸癌和左半大腸癌,病灶的部位不同不僅臨床表現(xiàn)各異,其治療方式也有差異并且影響預(yù)后。大腸癌的病理類(lèi)型盡管很多,其仍以腺癌為主占90%以上[3]。本次研究分析病例資料均為經(jīng)病理確診的大腸腺癌患者。腫瘤標(biāo)志物是存在于腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)或細(xì)胞膜表面,提示腫瘤存在并反映其一定生物特性的生化物質(zhì),由腫瘤細(xì)胞分泌入血液、其他體液及人體組織內(nèi),或由機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)而產(chǎn)生并進(jìn)入體液或組織中,對(duì)腫瘤的輔助診斷、療效評(píng)價(jià)、監(jiān)測(cè)復(fù)發(fā)及預(yù)后具有重要作用的輔助指標(biāo)。目前,在大腸腺癌中常用的血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物主要有CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199,本研究通過(guò)回顧性分析,探討血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199在左右半大腸腺癌中差異及臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系,為指導(dǎo)臨床提供相應(yīng)依據(jù)[4]。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年7月~2016年7月在武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院經(jīng)病理確診的162例大腸腺癌患者作為研究對(duì)象,其中左半大腸腺癌97例,男58例,女39例,平均年齡(61.48±10.60)歲;右半大腸腺癌65例,男40例,女25例,平均年齡(61.20±13.7)歲。所有患者均為經(jīng)病檢確診的腺癌病理類(lèi)型。根據(jù)顯微鏡下HE染色后腫瘤細(xì)胞的差異進(jìn)行判斷分化程度,根據(jù)第7版的國(guó)際抗癌聯(lián)盟大腸癌TNM分期系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分期?;颊邿o(wú)合并心、肝、腎等重要器官功能衰竭,3個(gè)月內(nèi)無(wú)急性心腦血管疾患、嚴(yán)重感染及應(yīng)激性疾病,且無(wú)其他腫瘤性疾病。
1.2 檢測(cè)方法
取受檢者入院時(shí)空腹靜脈血3 mL,于4 h內(nèi)完成檢測(cè)。通過(guò)電化學(xué)發(fā)光法對(duì)CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199進(jìn)行測(cè)定。4種血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物的正常參考值分別是:CEA<5 ng/mL,CA125<30.2 U/mL,CA724<6.9 U/mL,CA199<37 U/mL。當(dāng)檢測(cè)值超出正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)視為陽(yáng)性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 腫瘤標(biāo)志物在左右半大腸腺癌中血清中的表達(dá)情況
4種腫瘤標(biāo)志物在左右半大腸腺癌中單項(xiàng)、兩項(xiàng)聯(lián)合、三項(xiàng)聯(lián)合及四項(xiàng)聯(lián)合檢測(cè)的陽(yáng)性率:?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)檢測(cè),左右半大腸腺癌都為CEA陽(yáng)性率最高,分別為38.1%和53.8%;兩項(xiàng)聯(lián)合,左半大腸腺癌以CEA與CA724組合最高,為55.7%,右半大腸腺癌以CA125與CA724組合最高,為64.6%;三項(xiàng)聯(lián)合檢測(cè),左半大腸腺癌以CEA、CA199、CA724聯(lián)合組最高,為58.8%;右半大腸腺癌以CEA、CA125、CA724聯(lián)合組與CEA、CA199、CA724聯(lián)合組同為63.1%;四項(xiàng)聯(lián)合檢測(cè),左、右半大腸腺癌最高分別為59.8%和64.6%。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 腫瘤標(biāo)志物與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系
2.2.1 性別、年齡因素分析 左右半大腸腺癌男女發(fā)病率及年齡差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),而左右半大腸腺癌TNM分期分析結(jié)果示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2.2 血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物陽(yáng)性率與左右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯的關(guān)系 CEA(+)、CA724(+)表達(dá)率與左右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯無(wú)關(guān),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。CA125(+)表達(dá)率與左半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯有關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);而與右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯無(wú)關(guān),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。CA199(+)表達(dá)率與右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯有關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);而CA199(+)表達(dá)率與左半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)侵犯無(wú)關(guān),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.2.3 血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物陽(yáng)性率與左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯的關(guān)系 CEA(+)、CA125(+)、CA724(+)表達(dá)率與左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯情況有關(guān),差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。CA199(+)與左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯情況有關(guān),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.2.4 血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物陽(yáng)性率與左右半大腸腺癌細(xì)胞分化程度的關(guān)系 4種腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199陽(yáng)性率與左右半大腸腺癌細(xì)胞分化程度有關(guān),差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
3 討論
大腸腺癌是常見(jiàn)的消化道惡性腫瘤之一,嚴(yán)重威脅著人類(lèi)的健康,2012年全球新發(fā)120萬(wàn)例,同期致死的人數(shù)約60萬(wàn)例[5]。近年來(lái)腫瘤標(biāo)志物扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色,檢測(cè)其含量往往可以提供有用的信息。CEA、CA125、CA724、CA199作為大腸腺癌常檢測(cè)的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,對(duì)于早期發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤、腫瘤的治療檢測(cè)、判斷預(yù)后等,具有重要的參考價(jià)值。
CEA是1965年發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種酸性糖蛋白,存在于大腸腺癌細(xì)胞膜及胚胎的黏膜細(xì)胞上,最常用的大腸腫瘤標(biāo)志物,由美國(guó)臨床腫瘤學(xué)會(huì)推薦用于預(yù)后,監(jiān)測(cè)治療反應(yīng)和檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)移性疾病和疾病復(fù)發(fā),血清CEA的水平對(duì)大腸腫瘤早期診斷、復(fù)發(fā)及預(yù)后評(píng)估具有重要作用[6-8]。本研究的結(jié)果顯示CEA雖然在4種標(biāo)志物中升高較明顯,卻與左右半大腸腺癌神經(jīng)、脈管侵犯及分化程度無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。但有研究建議檢測(cè)CEA的術(shù)前狀態(tài)可對(duì)術(shù)后評(píng)估提供初始參考依據(jù),CEA術(shù)前的升高狀態(tài)是可切除大腸腺癌預(yù)后不良因素且與腫瘤進(jìn)展有關(guān),對(duì)于腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的患者其升高要早于臨床影像學(xué)表現(xiàn),故具有重要意義[9-11],考慮到本研究可能是病例資料數(shù)較少,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析存在偏倚造成,需要大樣本臨床資料進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。CA125是一種糖蛋白抗原,根據(jù)研究結(jié)果顯示其陽(yáng)性率在左右半大腸腺癌中低于另3種標(biāo)志物,但CA125與左半大腸腺癌的神經(jīng)侵犯相關(guān)。CA199、CA724均為糖蛋白抗原,CA724在胃癌、大腸癌、乳腺癌表達(dá)水平較高[12-13],CA724與大腸腺癌之間的相關(guān)性一直在引起越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,最近研究主要集中在其診斷和早期檢測(cè)復(fù)發(fā)的敏感性和特異性價(jià)值,CA724與其他血清標(biāo)志物的組合也是令人滿意的,但對(duì)于不同階段的腫瘤其表現(xiàn)又具有差異,有研究顯示血清中CA724的水平與腫瘤的遷移有關(guān)[14],目前在左右半大腸腺癌中的研究對(duì)比還較少,分析結(jié)果在神經(jīng)、脈管侵犯及腫瘤分化程度未見(jiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。CA199與右半大腸腺癌的神經(jīng)及左右半大腸腺癌脈管侵犯具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,將其與腫瘤標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)陽(yáng)性率明顯提高。然而不同的研究結(jié)果不一,有研究顯示CA199與大腸腺癌患者的總生存期無(wú)相關(guān)性[15];另有研究報(bào)道血清CA199的水平與術(shù)前CEA未升高對(duì)患者預(yù)后判斷具有更重要參考意義,術(shù)前高水平的CA199預(yù)后較CEA升高患者的5年生存期短[16];有研究示術(shù)前聯(lián)合檢測(cè)血清CEA、CA199對(duì)大腸腺癌手術(shù)治療評(píng)估具有獨(dú)立的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[17]。雖然男女大腸腺癌患者的發(fā)病率不同,但性別、年齡與腫瘤標(biāo)志物未見(jiàn)明顯差異[13]。右半大腸腺癌被診斷時(shí)多處于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,而左半大腸腺癌被診斷時(shí)多處于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。另外大腸腺癌細(xì)胞分化程度與腫瘤標(biāo)志物分析結(jié)果示,左右半大腸腺癌都無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,可能因樣本資料收集中中分化腺癌數(shù)量明顯高于低分化及高分化腺癌,以及病例資料分布和病理切片鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)主觀因素等影響。endprint
綜上所述,腫瘤標(biāo)志物在左右半大腸腺癌中存在一定的差異,對(duì)于腫瘤的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)診斷及臨床評(píng)估患者的預(yù)后提供依據(jù),隨后的研究需進(jìn)一步對(duì)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及治療后隨訪進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)以便更好地指導(dǎo)臨床。亦可聯(lián)合KRAS、BRAF、EGFR、P53、HER2等檢測(cè)[18-21],從而提高患者的治療效果,改善預(yù)后。
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(收稿日期:2017-07-27 本文編輯:任 念)endprint
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2017年34期