it的句型用法全接觸

山東 劉洪賢

在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中，it句型的運(yùn)用具有復(fù)雜性、規(guī)律性、固定性等特點(diǎn)。在適宜的語(yǔ)境中套用it句型具有事半功倍的效果。掌握it句型用法對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的積累、高階學(xué)習(xí)均具有重要意義。

一、主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)（常用的動(dòng)詞有：think，find，feel，make，take，believe，consider，imagine，guess 等）+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（通常是形容詞或名詞詞組）+ 不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。在該句型中，it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，其后的不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等是真正的賓語(yǔ)

He made it a good habit to get up early and do morning sports.他把早起和晨練當(dāng)作一種好習(xí)慣。

She thinks it no use speaking to a person like him about that.她認(rèn)為和像他那樣的人談那件事毫無用處。

No one believes it a good hobby that one plays computer games all the time. 沒有人認(rèn)為總是玩電腦游戲是個(gè)好的業(yè)余愛好。

二、It is(has been) + 一段時(shí)間+ since 從句。該句型意為“自??以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”或“不/ 沒有??以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”

1. It has been 3 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

2. It was ten years since the Whites ____ (live) in China.

【答案】1. since 2. had lived

若主句的be 動(dòng)詞用is 或has been, since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)；若主句動(dòng)詞用was, since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用過去完成時(shí)。此外，若從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“非延續(xù)性”動(dòng)詞，則表示該動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了；若從句的動(dòng)詞是“延續(xù)性”動(dòng)詞或表示“狀態(tài)”的動(dòng)詞，則表示該動(dòng)作已“結(jié)束”多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

It is five years since I smoked. 我不吸煙（戒煙）已有五年的時(shí)間了。

It is just a week since we arrived in Beijing. 我們到達(dá)北京剛好一周。

三、It +be + 一段時(shí)間+before 從句。若主句中的be動(dòng)詞用了was 或 wasn’t , 意為“過/ 沒過多久某人做了某事”；若主句中的be 動(dòng)詞用了will/won’t be , 則意為“過/沒過多久以后就會(huì)發(fā)生某事”，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

1. Scientists said it was five or six years ____ it was possible to test this medicine on human patients.

2. It ____ (be) quite some time before she is back again, so you don’t be too cross with her.

【答案】1.before 2. will be

四、It is up to sb. to do sth. 該句型意為“該由某人負(fù)責(zé)做某事”?？珊?jiǎn)化為 It is up to sb.

1. — What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game is over.

— _____ is up to you. Whatever you want to do is fine with us.

2. Who is it up to____ (take) charge of the company that is run by the state?

【答案】1. It 2. to take

五、It is no wonder + that從句 / No wonder+ that從句。該句型意為“難怪某人??”

1. It is ____ (hard) any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.

2. They are all classmates. It is no wonder ____ they should help each other with their studies.

【答案】1. hardly 2. that

六、This/ That/ It is / It was/ It will be the first（second /third...time）+that 從句。該句型意為“這是/ 那是/ 這將是某人第??次做某事了”。若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用過去完成時(shí)；若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用will be，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（表示將來）

1. The couple told us it was the fourth time that they ____(visit) the West Lake.

2. It will be the sixth time that they____ (work) in Tibet.

【答案】1. had visited 2. work

七、It is (high) time + that 從句。該句型意為“是/ 到某人該做某事的時(shí)候了”, 這是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型，that 從句常用一般過去時(shí)或should do

He said that it was high time that they ____ (help) him out of it.

【答案】helped/should help

八、it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句句型

1. It +be +形容詞+主語(yǔ)從句。用于該句型的形容詞有：necessary，essential，useless，important, good，right，natural，strange，proper，fortunate，better，probable, impossible,proper, funny，surprising，oblivious，unnecessary，wonderful等。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”，表示與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

It is necessary that a college student ____ (master) at least a foreign language now.

【答案】master

又如：

It is important that he (should) go abroad for further study.他應(yīng)該出國(guó)深造，這是很重要的。

2. It+be+過去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句。用于該句型的過去分 詞 有：said，thought，believed，supposed，known，reported，considered，imagined，guessed，decided，pointed，discussed，announced，estimated等。該句型譯為“據(jù)說/認(rèn)為/相信/報(bào)道……”。該句型可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：

(1) People say /think/believe/reported ... +that從句；

(2) sb./sth. is said/thought /believed /reported ... to do sth.

Jack is said ____ (study) abroad, but I don’t know what Asian country he studied in.

【答案】to have studied

又如：

No one believes it a good hobby that one plays computer games all the time. 沒有人認(rèn)為總是玩電腦游戲是個(gè)好的業(yè)余愛好。

3. It + be+過去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句。常用動(dòng)詞（表示主張、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令之類的詞）的過去分詞有：advised,suggested（ 建 議 ）, desired, requested, proposed, ordered,command, demanded, recommended, insisted（堅(jiān)決主張）等，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

(1) It is desired that the teaching building ______ (repair)completely.

(2) It is suggested that the driver_____ (take) charge of the car accident.

【答案】(1) be repaired (2) take

4. It + be +少數(shù)抽象名詞+主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的抽象名詞有: a pity, a shame, a fact, a question, a hope, an honor, good news等。

(1)The foreign Minister said, “____ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

(2)____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language now.

【答案】(1) It (2)It

5. It + happens, follows, seems, appears, matters, worries,turns out, finds out等+that從句。

It matters a lot whether he attends the meeting or not.他是否參加此次會(huì)議至關(guān)重要。

It seemed that he had nothing to do with it.好像他與此事無關(guān)。

6. It is certain + that從句。該句型意為“必定某事將……”。certain不可換用sure。

It is certain that it is going to be a heavy rain tomorrow. 明天必定有一場(chǎng)大雨。

7. It’s widely acknowledged+ that從句。該句型意為“這是公認(rèn)的……”。

It’s widely acknowledged that the establishment of the New Special Administrative Region of Xiong’an can effectively improve the population problem in Beijing city. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，雄安新區(qū)的建立能有效改善北京市的人口問題。

8. It can be said with certainty + that從句。該句型意為“很肯定地說/可以確定地講……”。

It can be said with certainty that our school team will win the match at last. 可以肯定地講，我們的校隊(duì)最后必定能打贏這場(chǎng)比賽。

It can be said with certainty that it is“an open secret”that most hospitals and doctors accept sales commissions.毫無疑問，多數(shù)醫(yī)院和醫(yī)生都在收取回扣，這是一個(gè)公開的秘密。

9. It goes without saying + that從句。該句型意為“不用說/不言而喻……”。

It goes without saying that exercising is the key to keep one’s health. 不用說，鍛煉是一個(gè)人保持身體健康的關(guān)鍵。

It goes without saying that if someone has lung problems they should not smoke. 不言而喻，有肺病的人不應(yīng)該吸煙。

九、It/This/That is/That was the best (worst /most...) +that 從句。該句型意為“這是/ 那是??過的??中最??的了”。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is , 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was, 從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用過去完成時(shí)

1. It was the most interesting film that I ____ (see) for years.

2. It is the worst book that he ____ (read) in the past ten years.

【答案】1. had seen 2. has read

十、It is/was the same with sb. (sth.) / So it is/was with sb. (sth.)該句型意為“某情況也適合于另外的人或物”。若上文描述的是綜合情形，且該情形也適合于另外的人或物時(shí)，常用此句型來表達(dá)。若上文情況用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，描述時(shí)用is；其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)須用was

1. The Smiths came to China and lived in China for many years. It _____ (be) the same with the Whites.

2. Qingdao is famous for its places of interest and its famous brands. So it _____ (be) with Shenzhen.

【答案】1. was 2. is

十一、It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+ 其他。該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、完成時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，be 動(dòng)詞用is；當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情用過去時(shí)，be 動(dòng)詞須用was。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“人”時(shí)，用that/ who。強(qiáng)調(diào)其他成分一律用that。有時(shí)根據(jù)需要可以加用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。該句型不可用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)及比較狀語(yǔ)

1. Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1994, which was led by Captain Johnson ____Peter lost his life?

2. I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ it is I’m talking to.

【答案】1. that 2.who

又如：

It was at the party that they met each other, wasn’t it? 他們就是在這次聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)的，是不是？

It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school last week. 就是由于生病，他上星期沒來上課。

It might be during the outing that he lost his watch. 可能就是在那次遠(yuǎn)足中他丟失了手表。

It must have been my cousin who/that you saw in the post office. 你在郵局看見的那位肯定是我表弟。

十二、It+ be + adj.+for/of +sb.+to do sth.。該句型意為“某人做某事是??的”。其中，for 與of 的選用是難點(diǎn)。當(dāng)該形容詞是表示事物、事情的特點(diǎn)或特征（如：necessary, important, strange, difficult, hard, probable,easy, impossible, useless, normal, obvious, possible,likely 等）時(shí)，用介詞for。當(dāng)該形容詞是表示人的特點(diǎn)或特征（如: kind, good, nice, wise, weak, clever, silly, poor,strong, foolish, rude, careless, cruel, bad, brave, careful,grateful, unwise, wrong, stupid, polite, right, honest,impolite 等）時(shí)，用介詞of

1. It is not hard ____ one to do a good deed. 一個(gè)人做件好事并不難。

2. It was unwise _____him to make such a decision at last.最后他做出那樣的決定并非明智之舉。

【答案】1. for 2. of

【注意】用of還是用for可用下列方法判斷：若該句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，用of，否則用for。

It is brave of him to do so. →He is brave. He does so.

As for the students, it is necessary for them to learn English well.該句不可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：The students are necessary. They learn English well. 因?yàn)閚ecessary不可用來修飾人。

十三、It takes/will take/took+sb.+ some time+ to do sth.。該句型意為“某人花費(fèi)??時(shí)間做某事”

It took us two hours to finish the task.我們花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間才完成任務(wù)。

十四、It is no use/no good/no fun/not a great pleasuredoing sth.。該句型意為“（某人）做某事是沒有用處/ 好處/樂趣的”

It is useless crying over spilled milk. 覆水難收。

十五、It only remains sb. to do sth.。該句型意為“某人所要做的只是??”

It only remains for me to finish the work they haven’t finished. 對(duì)我來說要做的事就是完成他們沒干完的活。

It only remained for me to wait here. 當(dāng)時(shí)我能做的只有在此地等候。

十六、It is better to do sth.。該句型相當(dāng)于You’dbetter do sth.

It is better to go there on foot. = You’d better go there on foot. 你最好步行去那里。

十七、It’s likely +that 從句。該句型意為“很可能??”，有時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為sb. be likely to do sth.

It’s likely that there is going to be a snowstorm in this area.該地區(qū)很可能有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪。

It is likely that he will come back today. = He is likely to come back today. 他今天很可能回來。

十八、It is a waste of time/money/energy/strength doingsth.。該句型意為“做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/ 金錢/ 精力/ 力氣的”

It is a waste of time doing it like that. 那樣做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。

十九、It is (just) like sb. to do sth.。該句型意為：“某人恰恰就是這個(gè)樣子”。肯定句用來表示贊揚(yáng)，否定句用來表示不滿或疑惑

It’s just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.她就是這個(gè)樣子，總先想別人后想自己。（表示贊揚(yáng)）

It’s not like him to leave the work to others. 他不是這個(gè)樣子呀，總是把工作給別人做。（表示懷疑）