安立哲 黃曉波 許清泉 楊慶亞 朱振杰 洪 揚(yáng) 徐 濤
(北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科 北京大學(xué)應(yīng)用碎石技術(shù)研究所,北京 100034)
·臨床論著·
經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石取石術(shù)后發(fā)生全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征的多因素分析
安立哲 黃曉波 許清泉 楊慶亞 朱振杰 洪 揚(yáng) 徐 濤
(北京大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科 北京大學(xué)應(yīng)用碎石技術(shù)研究所,北京 100034)
目的探討外周血炎性指標(biāo)與經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石取石(percutaneous nephrolithotomy, PCNL)術(shù)后發(fā)生全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(systemic inflammation response syndrome, SIRS)的關(guān)系。方法回顧性分析2015年1月~2016年6月我科175例PCNL的臨床資料,其中術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS 52例(SIRS+組),未發(fā)生SIRS 123例(SIRS-組)。采用logistic回歸分析PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的預(yù)后因素。外周血炎性指標(biāo)包括中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, NLR)、中性粒細(xì)胞/單核細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil to monocyte ratio, NMR)、術(shù)后NLR/術(shù)前NLR(NLR比值)和術(shù)后NMR/術(shù)前NMR(NMR比值)。其他研究指標(biāo)包括年齡、性別、ASA分級(jí)、是否有同側(cè)結(jié)石手術(shù)史、是否術(shù)前留置雙J管或腎造瘺管、術(shù)前血肌酐、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)是否陽性、手術(shù)時(shí)間、是否多通道、是否同期行輸尿管鏡操作、術(shù)中是否出現(xiàn)心動(dòng)過速和術(shù)后是否輸血等。結(jié)果單因素分析顯示術(shù)后即刻外周血炎性指標(biāo)升高、女性、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)陽性、多通道手術(shù)、手術(shù)時(shí)間長和術(shù)后輸血與術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生相關(guān)(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回歸分析顯示NMR比值是PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素,將NMR比值根據(jù)四分位數(shù)分為4組,Q50~Q75組和>Q75組發(fā)生SIRS的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是 經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石取石術(shù); 全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征; 中性粒細(xì)胞; 淋巴細(xì)胞; 單核細(xì)胞 經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石取石術(shù)(percutaneous nephrolithotomy, PCNL)已經(jīng)成為>2 cm腎結(jié)石的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方式。術(shù)后發(fā)熱是PCNL術(shù)后最多見的并發(fā)癥之一,有報(bào)道高達(dá)30%[1]。不同中心PCNL術(shù)后全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(systemic inflammation response syndrome, SIRS)的發(fā)生率不盡相同,但普遍較高,為23.4%~29%,術(shù)后膿毒血癥的發(fā)生率為0~3%[2~4]。膿毒血癥的病死率為25%~50%[5]。SIRS會(huì)延長住院時(shí)間和增加醫(yī)療費(fèi)用,同時(shí)也是導(dǎo)致PCNL圍手術(shù)期死亡的常見因素。外周血細(xì)胞分類(血常規(guī))檢查是臨床最為常用的檢驗(yàn)手段之一。近年來,有不少學(xué)者研究不同白細(xì)胞分類的比值作為反映機(jī)體炎癥的指標(biāo),如中性粒細(xì)胞/淋巴細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR),已有研究表明其在腫瘤[6]和心血管疾病[7]方面是不良預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,也有報(bào)道其可以用于判預(yù)測(cè)膿毒血癥和重癥患者的預(yù)后[8,9]。本文回顧性分析我院泌尿外科2015年1月~2016年6月175例因上尿路結(jié)石行PCNL的臨床資料,分析患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后即刻外周血炎性指標(biāo)與術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,報(bào)道如下。 175例納入研究,男93例,女82例。年齡19~80歲,平均49歲。根據(jù)術(shù)后是否發(fā)生SIRS分為SIRS+組(n=52)和SIRS-組(n=123)。 病例選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①行一期PCNL;②年齡≥18歲;③住院病史資料齊全。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患有惡性腫瘤、血液病、糖尿病等疾病,應(yīng)用免疫抑制劑或激素;②術(shù)前體溫>37.3 ℃;③術(shù)前心率>90次/min;④微通道PCNL;⑤腎造瘺管脫出或者無管化。 SIRS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①體溫>38.0 ℃或<36.0 ℃;②心率>90次/min;③呼吸>20次/min或PaCO2<32.25 mm Hg;④術(shù)后白細(xì)胞>12×109/L或<4×109/L[10]。上述4項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合≥2項(xiàng)者診斷成立。 硬膜外麻醉,俯臥位,建立F24通道。采用瑞士EMS第3代氣壓彈道聯(lián)合超聲碎石系統(tǒng)清石。術(shù)畢放置雙J管,留置F14~F20腎造瘺管。 患者是否發(fā)生SIRS均根據(jù)患者術(shù)后情況判斷,觀察點(diǎn)在術(shù)后即刻抽取血常規(guī)之后,收集2組患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后即刻的外周血數(shù)據(jù),將NLR、中性粒細(xì)胞/單核細(xì)胞比值(neutrophil to monocyte ratio,NMR)、術(shù)后NLR/術(shù)前NLR(NLR比值)和術(shù)后NMR/術(shù)前NMR(NMR比值)作為觀察指標(biāo)。同時(shí)將PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的常見預(yù)后因素如患者ASA分級(jí)、是否有同側(cè)腎臟結(jié)石手術(shù)史、術(shù)前是否留置雙J管或腎造瘺管、術(shù)前血肌酐、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)是否陽性、手術(shù)時(shí)間、是否多通道手術(shù)、是否同期行輸尿管鏡操作、術(shù)中是否出現(xiàn)心動(dòng)過速、術(shù)后是否出血等10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)納入研究。 ASA分級(jí)以麻醉記錄單為準(zhǔn);同側(cè)腎臟接受過切開取石、PCNL、輸尿管軟鏡碎石取石、輸尿管鏡碎石取石等視為有同側(cè)腎臟結(jié)石手術(shù)史;手術(shù)時(shí)間從穿刺開始,到放置腎造瘺管為止;不管患者結(jié)石為單側(cè)或雙側(cè),單次手術(shù)只建立1個(gè)通道為單通道手術(shù),建立≥2個(gè)通道為多通道手術(shù);PCNL同期行輸尿管鏡探查、輸尿管鏡碎石取石或輸尿管軟鏡碎石取石視為同期行輸尿管鏡操作;麻醉單顯示手術(shù)過程中心率出現(xiàn)超過100次/min視為術(shù)中心動(dòng)過速;術(shù)后輸注壓積紅細(xì)胞視為術(shù)后輸血。 制定統(tǒng)一的Excel表格,由2人獨(dú)立查詢病案進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,錄入完畢后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)比對(duì),并統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)。 應(yīng)用SPSS19.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(正態(tài)分布)或中位數(shù)(最大值~最小值)(非正態(tài)分布)表示,正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料采用Mann-WhitneyU檢驗(yàn),分類變量采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用多因素logistic 回歸分析PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的預(yù)后因素,計(jì)算OR值和95%CI。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 外周血炎性指標(biāo)當(dāng)中,2組術(shù)前NLR和NMR無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);SIRS+組術(shù)后即刻N(yùn)LR、NMR和NLR比值、NMR比值明顯高于SIRS-組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。2組性別、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)是否陽性、手術(shù)時(shí)間、是否多通道手術(shù)和術(shù)后是否輸血有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),年齡、ASA分級(jí)、是否有同側(cè)結(jié)石手術(shù)史、術(shù)前是否留置雙J管或腎造瘺管、術(shù)前血肌酐、是否同期行輸尿管鏡操作和術(shù)中是否出現(xiàn)心動(dòng)過速無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),見表1。 表1 PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的單因素分析 *46例術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)結(jié)果缺失 選取單因素分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的指標(biāo)(性別、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)是否陽性、手術(shù)時(shí)間、是否多通道手術(shù)、術(shù)后是否輸血、NLR比值和NMR比值)進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic多因素分析。手術(shù)時(shí)間以60 min為間隔賦值0~2(≤60 min、61~120 min、≥121 min),外周血炎性指標(biāo)根據(jù)四分位數(shù)間距賦值0~3。多因素分析顯示NMR比值是PCNL術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素,第3組和第4組相對(duì)于第1組,發(fā)生SIRS的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高6.5倍和8.5倍,見表2。 發(fā)熱是PCNL術(shù)后的常見癥狀,臨床上這和膿毒血癥以及感染中毒性休克密切相關(guān)[11,12]。大部分的SIRS患者會(huì)完全恢復(fù),也使一部分醫(yī)生忽視SIRS的危險(xiǎn)性。O′Keeffe等[11]報(bào)道700例上尿路結(jié)石接受PCNL等內(nèi)鏡治療中,9例(1.3%)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的膿毒血癥,其中死亡6例(66%)。因此,盡管PCNL是微創(chuàng)手術(shù),但由于術(shù)后SIRS的高發(fā)生率和膿毒血癥的高病死率,應(yīng)對(duì)PCNL術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生引起重視。 表2 PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的多因素分析 *尿培養(yǎng)結(jié)果分為三類(尿培養(yǎng)陰性、尿培養(yǎng)陽性、尿培養(yǎng)結(jié)果缺失) PCNL術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生率為23.4%~29%,術(shù)后膿毒血癥發(fā)生率為0~3%[2~4]。不同中心的數(shù)據(jù)也不盡相同。本研究PCNL術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生率為29.7%,和其他文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的相符。PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的危險(xiǎn)因素有性別、腎積水、結(jié)石負(fù)荷、結(jié)石成分、多通道手術(shù)、術(shù)中腎盂尿和結(jié)石培養(yǎng)陽性、術(shù)中心動(dòng)過速、術(shù)后輸血等[1,2,13],因此,控制這些可能的危險(xiǎn)因素可以降低術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生率,但是沒有一個(gè)確切的指標(biāo)來評(píng)估PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 血常規(guī)檢查快速、簡便、經(jīng)濟(jì),是臨床診斷多種疾病常用的檢查。但長期以來,醫(yī)生大多依賴于白細(xì)胞總數(shù)和中性粒細(xì)胞百分比來評(píng)估全身炎癥狀態(tài)或是否合并感染,對(duì)其他指標(biāo)關(guān)注較少。目前,所應(yīng)用的大多數(shù)疾病預(yù)后評(píng)分系統(tǒng)中,將白細(xì)胞總數(shù)>12×109/L或<4×109/L作為反映病情嚴(yán)重的一項(xiàng)指標(biāo),但沒有考慮不同白細(xì)胞分類的變化情況[14~16]。 近來的研究表明,在應(yīng)激條件下,不同白細(xì)胞分類會(huì)發(fā)生變化[9]。Galus等[17]報(bào)道在急性感染如感染中毒性休克時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)外周血淋巴細(xì)胞的急劇減少。Jilma等[18]報(bào)道炎癥后外周血中性粒細(xì)胞增加,淋巴細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞減少?;谶@些研究,Zahorec[19]提出一個(gè)新的指標(biāo)來評(píng)估全身應(yīng)激狀態(tài),即NLR,可以提示全身的炎癥反應(yīng)情況。目前,NLR已經(jīng)主要應(yīng)用于惡性腫瘤和心肺疾病方面,也有研究其在重癥患者和急性炎癥中的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[20]。根據(jù)Jilma等[18]的研究,炎癥后中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)增加,單核細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)減少,因此,我們將NMR納入研究。由于術(shù)前和術(shù)后患者的應(yīng)激和炎癥狀態(tài)會(huì)發(fā)生變化,我們研究了不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的外周血炎性指標(biāo)尤其是術(shù)前和術(shù)后炎性指標(biāo)的對(duì)比與術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的相關(guān)性。 本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)前外周血炎性指標(biāo)在SIRS+組和SIRS-組無差異,表明術(shù)前的外周血炎性指標(biāo)與PCNL術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生無相關(guān)性,可能的原因?yàn)椋孩傥覀兊呐懦龢?biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格,將惡性腫瘤、糖尿病、應(yīng)用免疫抑制劑等患者排除,這些患者可能術(shù)前即存在全身炎癥,術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的可能性很大,因此,這些患者術(shù)前外周血炎性指標(biāo)可能會(huì)有異常;②引起PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的原因主要在于術(shù)中情況,如通道數(shù)、出血、手術(shù)時(shí)間,這些情況可以引起全身應(yīng)激,從而引起外周血炎性指標(biāo)的變化等。術(shù)后即刻外周血炎性指標(biāo)(NLR、NMR),以及術(shù)后術(shù)前外周血炎性指標(biāo)比值(NLR比值、NMR比值)與術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生有關(guān),說明應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)外周血炎性指標(biāo),及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)炎性指標(biāo)的升高。其他研究因素中,女性、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)陽性、多通道手術(shù)、手術(shù)時(shí)間長和術(shù)后輸血的患者容易發(fā)生SIRS,與其他研究結(jié)果相似。但術(shù)中心動(dòng)過速、同期行輸尿管鏡等不是術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的預(yù)后因素,與其他研究結(jié)果不符。說明不同中心有關(guān)PCNL術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生預(yù)后因素的研究結(jié)果不盡相同,因此,亟需統(tǒng)一明確的指標(biāo)來評(píng)估PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。多因素分析顯示僅NMR比值是PCNL術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素,隨著NMR比值的升高,SIRS發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)性高6~8倍,說明單核細(xì)胞的變化與SIRS發(fā)生有較強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性,但具體的機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步研究。 其他研究[21-24]顯示人鈣衛(wèi)蛋白、白細(xì)胞介素6、降鈣素原、α-2巨球蛋白、C反應(yīng)蛋白和中性粒細(xì)胞CD64指數(shù)等也與SIRS的發(fā)生有關(guān)。但這些檢查價(jià)格較高,對(duì)設(shè)備要求也高,有些醫(yī)院還無法開展,有條件的話可以結(jié)合應(yīng)用增加預(yù)測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性。另外,還需要進(jìn)一步研究來對(duì)比這些指標(biāo)與外周血炎性指標(biāo)對(duì)PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的預(yù)測(cè)能力。 我們的研究也有一些局限性。首先,這是一項(xiàng)單中心回顧性觀察性研究,存在一些混雜因素,研究結(jié)果還需要后續(xù)的研究驗(yàn)證;第二,只是將外周血中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞等納入研究,未研究不同分類中性粒細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞的作用,需要檢驗(yàn)科的協(xié)助;第三,未與目前研究較多的其他炎性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行對(duì)比;第四,樣本量較小。因此,還需要后續(xù)的研究來驗(yàn)證目前的研究結(jié)果。 總之,術(shù)后即刻外周血炎性指標(biāo)、性別、術(shù)前尿培養(yǎng)結(jié)果、是否多通道手術(shù)、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后是否輸血與PCNL術(shù)后SIRS的發(fā)生相關(guān),其中NMR比值是PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)生SIRS的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因素。由于血常規(guī)檢查具有快速、簡便、經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn),可動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)外周血炎性指標(biāo)協(xié)助評(píng)估PCNL術(shù)后SIRS發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 1 Singh P, Yadav S, Singh A, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: assessment of risk factors and their impact on patient outcomes. Urologia Internationalis,2016,96(2):207-211. 2 Chen L, Xu QQ, Li JX, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an assessment of risk factors. Int J Urol,2008,15(12):1025-1028. 4 Taylor E, Miller J, Chi T, et al. Complications associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Transl Androl Urol,2012,1(4):223-228. 5 Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med,2001,29(7):1303-1310. 6 Kang MH, Go SI, Song HN, et al. The prognostic impact of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer,2014,111(3):452-460. 7 Ayca B, Akin F, Celik O, et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is related to stent thrombosis and high mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Angiology,2015,66(6):545-552. 8 Liu X, Shen Y, Wang H, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with sepsis: a prospective observational study. Mediators Inflamm,2016,2016:1-8. 9 Akilli NB, Yortanli M, Mutlu H, et al. Prognostic importance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in critically ill patients:short- and long-term outcomes. Am J Emerg Med,2014,32(12):1476-1480. 10 Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest,1992,101(6):1644-1655. 11 O′Keeffe NK, Mortimer AJ, Sambrook PA, et al. Severe sepsis following percutaneous or endoscopic procedures for urinary tract stones. Br J Urol,1993,72(3):277-283. 12 Rao PN, Dube DA, Weightman NC, et al. Prediction of septicemia following endourological manipulation for stones in the upper urinary tract. J Urol,1991,146(4):955-960. 13 Korets R, Graversen JA, Kates M, et al. Post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy systemic inflammatory response: a prospective analysis of preoperative urine, renal pelvic urine and stone cultures. J Urol,2011,186(5):1899-1903. 14 Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med,1996,22(7):707-710. 15 Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et al. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med,1995,23(10):1638-1652. 16 Vincent JL, Moreno R. Clinical review: scoring systems in the critically ill. Crit Care,2010,14(2):207. 17 Galus MA, Stern J. Extreme lymphocytopenia associated with toxic shock syndrome. J Intern Med,1998,244(4):351-354. 18 Jilma B, Blann A, Pernerstorfer T, et al. Regulation of adhesion molecules during human endotoxemia. No acute effects of aspirin. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1999,159(3):857-863. 19 Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts-rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy,2001,102(1):5-14. 20 Salciccioli JD, Marshall DC, Pimentel MA, et al. The association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mortality in critical illness: an observational cohort study. Crit Care,2015,19:13. 21 Simm M, Soderberg E, Larsson A, et al. Performance of plasma calprotectin as a biomarker of early sepsis: a pilot study. Biomark Med,2016,10(8):811-818. 22 Stubljar D, Skvarc M. Effective strategies for diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) due to bacterial infection in surgical patients. Infect Disord Drug Targets,2015,15(1):53-56. 23 Kelly BJ, Lautenbach E, Nachamkin I, et al. Combined biomarkers discriminate a low likelihood of bacterial infection among surgical intensive care unit patients with suspected sepsis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,2016,85(1):109-115. 24 Fink-Neuboeck N, Lindenmann J, Bajric S, et al. Clinical impact of interleukin 6 as a predictive biomarker in the early diagnosis of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome after major thoracic surgery: A prospective clinical trial. Surgery,2016,160(2):443-453. CorrelationBetweenPeripheralBloodInflammatoryIndexesandSystemicInflammatoryResponseSyndromeinPatientsReceivingPercutaneousNephrolithotomy AnLizhe,HuangXiaobo,XuQingquan,etal. DepartmentofUrology,PekingUniversityPeople’sHospital,InstituteofApplicatoryLithotripsyTechnologyPekingUniversity,Beijing100034,China HuangXiaobo,E-mail:huang6299@sina.com ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients receiving percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 175 patients who PCNL in our department from January 2015 to June 2016. Of these 175 patients, 52 patients who suffered SIRS after surgery were classified as group SIRS+, and the other 123 patients without occurrence of SIRS were classified as group SIRS-. We analyzed correlation between preoperative and immediately postoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and occurrence of SIRS after PCNL by logistic regression. Peripheral blood inflammatory indexes included neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR), immediately postoperative NLR/preoperative NLR (postNLR/preNLR) and postNMR/preNMR. Other common risk factors associated with SIRS such as gender, age, ASA class, history of ipsilateral kidney surgery, preoperative placement of stent or percutaneous nephrostomy, preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative urine culture, operation time, number of access, simultaneous ureteroscopy, intraoperative tachycardia, and blood transfusion were also investigated in this study.ResultsIncrease of immediately postoperative peripheral blood inflammatory indexes, female gender, positive preoperative urine culture, long operation time, multiple accesses, and blood transfusion were correlated with occurrence of SIRS after PCNL. Multivariate logistic regression showed postNMR/preNMR was the only independent prognostic factor for the occurrence of SIRS after PCNL. The PostNMR/preNMR was divided into four groups by quartile. The occurrence risks of SIRS after PCNL in group Q50-Q75and group >Q75were 6.5 and 8.5 times beyond group Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; Neutrophil; Lymphocyte; Monocyte ,E-mail:huang6299@sina.com A 1009-6604(2017)11-0965-05 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6604.2017.11.002 2016-07-22) 2017-04-11) 李賀瓊)1 臨床資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
1.2 方法
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2 結(jié)果
2.1 單因素分析
2.2 多因素分析
3 討論