V—ing 的四種時間關(guān)系

肖鈺敏

【中圖分類號】G710

Ⅰ.表示先于謂語動詞的動作。

1. V—ing用作時間狀語、原因狀語方式狀語、讓步狀語時，常用一般體代替完成體，表示一個發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的動作。只有終止性動詞才有這種用法。

1）.Fleeing/having fled Germany， Einstein went first to France…

愛因斯坦逃出德國之后，先到了法國……

2）.The revolutionaries sentenced him to death ， discovering / having discovered that he was an enemy of the state.革命者發(fā)現(xiàn)了他是這個州的敵人之后，就給他判了死刑。

注：如果是延續(xù)性動詞，須用完成體。

The poor of the cities， having lived such a hard life for so long ， took up their guns and knives to kill the nobles.

城市貧民由于長期以來過著非常艱苦的生活拿起刀槍開始?xì)⑵鸶挥械馁F族們。

考題：

（1）._______what to do ， he asked his teacher for help. [A]

A. Not knowing B. Having not known C. Being not known D. not to know

（2）._____ here for three years ， he wasnt familiar with everyone [B]

A. working B. having worked C. worked D. being worked

（3）.______ the news ， she couldnt help crying. [B / C]

A. heard B. hearing C. having heard D. being heard

2.V—ing在remember ，forget ，regret 以及apologize for ， excuse…for ， thank…for ， sorry …for等之后作賓語時，可用一般體代替完成體，表示一個發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的動作。

1）.I remember posting /having posted the letter.我記得把那封信寄過了。

2）.Thank you for giving /having given us so much help

謝謝你給了我們這么多的幫助。

考題：

---I must apologize for ______ ahead of time. （MET94）

---It doesnt matter.

A. letting you not know B. not letting you know

C. not letting you to know D. letting you not to know. [B]

Do you remember ______ me at a party last year？ （84）

A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met [C]

Ⅱ.表示后于謂語動詞的動作。

V—ing作結(jié)果狀語時[只能是終止動詞，其前常加thus ， only ， thereby]，表示一個發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后的動作。

1.His parents died， leaving him an orphan.

他的父母去世了，結(jié)果使他成為孤兒。

2.The thief stole into the house ， only being caught by the people there.

那小偷溜進(jìn)房間，結(jié)果被那里人抓住了。

考題：

He opened fire， killing twenty enemies.[B]

A. to kill B. killing C. kill D. killed

Ⅲ.表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。

1.V—ing作伴隨狀語、方式狀語、時間狀語時常表示一個與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。并且常用延續(xù)性動詞的一般式。

1）.They stood there， waiting for a bus.[表示伴隨]

他們站在那兒等公共汽車。

2）.They sat facing each other.[表示方式] 他們面對面地坐著。

3）.[While]Burning ， oil gives heat and light.[表示時間]

油在燃燒時，發(fā)出光和熱。

考題：

（1）._____ here in time ， they came _____ all the way.[B]

A. getting ； running B. To get ； running

C. To get ； to run D. Getting ； to run

（2）.I walked as fast as I could ， _____ to catch the first bus.[C]endprint

A. hoped B. to hope C. hoping D. being hoped

（3）.The secretary worked late into the night， _______ a long speech for the president. （MET91）

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing [B]

2.V—ing在see ， notice ， find ， look at ， catch sight of ，listen to ， hear， feel ， smell等感官動詞之后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，表明與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。

1）.When I entered the room ， I found them reading.

當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們正在讀書。

2）.I felt the wind getting stronger.

我感覺到風(fēng)刮得更大了。

3.V—ing 在let ， have ， make ， leave， get ， keep后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時表示一個從過去到說話時一直進(jìn)行的動作。

Dont let him waiting outside. 不要讓他在外邊一直等著。

（1）.---There is something wrong with the chair.[B]

---Yes ， I can ______

A.feel it to move B. feel it moving

C.feel it that it is moving D. find it moved

（2）.It was so cold that they kept fire ______ all night.[C]

A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned

Ⅳ. 表示一個經(jīng)常性的動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。

V—ing用作定語可以表示一個表示經(jīng)常性的動作或當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)。

1.He lives in a house facing （=that faces） south.

他住在一個門朝南開的房子里。

2.Last year we had a holiday lasting （=that lasted） 50 days

去年我們度過了一個持續(xù)50天的假期。

3.People wishing （=who wished） to see the film had waited for twenty minutes.

想要看那部影片的人們在外面等已等了20分鐘。

注：V—ing 的完成體不能作定語，通常用一個從句來表達(dá)完成的動作。

The teacher scolded the student who had broken the window. [不用having broken]

老師責(zé)備了那個把窗戶打破的學(xué)生

The man who has graduated from Beijing University will teach us English.[不用having graduated]

從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)的那個人將教我們英語endprint