杜雪蓮+雷迅+何間秀
【摘要】 目的 探討陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)對(duì)產(chǎn)程、產(chǎn)后出血、新生兒窒息、剖宮產(chǎn)及會(huì)陰側(cè)切的影響。方法 600例產(chǎn)婦作為研究對(duì)象, 隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組, 每組300例。觀察組采用陰道氣囊助產(chǎn), 對(duì)照組未做陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)。對(duì)比兩組的產(chǎn)程、產(chǎn)后出血、新生兒窒息、剖宮產(chǎn)及會(huì)陰側(cè)切情況。結(jié)果 觀察組產(chǎn)婦第一產(chǎn)程和第二產(chǎn)程時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組產(chǎn)后2 h出血量和新生兒窒息情況比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組剖宮產(chǎn)率為22.67%, 低于對(duì)照組的42.33%, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組會(huì)陰側(cè)切率為32.67%, 低于對(duì)照組的70.00%, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)較常規(guī)分娩方式有明顯的優(yōu)越性, 是一種安全、簡(jiǎn)單、有效的助產(chǎn)技術(shù)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 陰道氣囊助產(chǎn);產(chǎn)程;剖宮產(chǎn);會(huì)陰側(cè)切
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.24.019
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of vaginal gasbag midwifery on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy. Methods A total of 600 puerpera as study subjects were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 300 cases in each group. The observation group received vaginal gasbag midwifery, and the control group received no vaginal gasbag midwifery. Comparison were made on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy situation in two groups. Results The observation group had obviously shorter duration of first and second stage of labor than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in 2 h postpartum bleeding volume and and neonatal asphyxia (P>0.05). The observation group had lower incidence of caesarean section as 22.67% than 42.33% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The observation group had lower episiotomy rate as 32.67% than 70.00% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Vaginal gasbag midwifery is superior to routine delivery mode, and it is a safe, simple and effective delivery midwifery technique.
【Key words】 Vaginal gasbag midwifery; Stages of labor; Caesarean section; Episiotomy
由于居高的剖宮產(chǎn)率并沒(méi)有降低圍生兒的死亡率和母嬰并發(fā)癥, 反而增加了母兒的相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。因此, 降低剖宮產(chǎn), 促進(jìn)陰道分娩已成為產(chǎn)科關(guān)注的重點(diǎn), 有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道, 氣囊助產(chǎn)能明顯縮短產(chǎn)程, 提高陰道分娩率, 大大減少會(huì)陰側(cè)切率、產(chǎn)后出血率和新生兒窒息率[1, 2]。另有文獻(xiàn)表明, 氣囊助產(chǎn)能明顯縮短產(chǎn)程, 但是對(duì)產(chǎn)后出血和新生兒窒息率沒(méi)有明顯的影響[3]。本文對(duì)本院開(kāi)展的陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)做一總結(jié)分析。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2012年1~2月收入本院產(chǎn)科的產(chǎn)婦600例作為研究對(duì)象, 均為初產(chǎn)婦、年齡18~32歲、單胎、頭位、孕周37~41+5周。600例產(chǎn)婦隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組, 每組300例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):無(wú)嚴(yán)重的陰道炎、頭盆不稱(chēng)及嚴(yán)重合并癥的初產(chǎn)婦;行陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)者經(jīng)簽署知情同意書(shū)要求行陰道氣囊單擴(kuò)助產(chǎn), 在宮口開(kāi)大5 cm, 先露在0~+1, 未破膜者先人工破膜, 實(shí)施陰道氣囊助產(chǎn), 全過(guò)程持續(xù)胎心音監(jiān)護(hù)。
1. 2 儀器與方法 觀察組采用陰道氣囊助產(chǎn), 對(duì)照組未做陰道氣囊助產(chǎn)。
1. 2. 1 儀器 使用淄博科創(chuàng)醫(yī)療儀器有限公司生產(chǎn)的KCB-1 型全自動(dòng)仿生助產(chǎn)儀。
1. 2. 2 方法 產(chǎn)婦取膀胱截石位, 碘伏消毒外陰、陰道, 助手打開(kāi)儀器電源, 選擇自動(dòng)菜單, 施術(shù)者檢查氣囊是否漏氣, 將無(wú)菌氣囊置入先露下1 cm處, 開(kāi)始充氣, 氣囊直徑在5~8 cm時(shí)分別停留1 min及3~5 min, 總計(jì)時(shí)間8~10 min/次, 做2次, 然后將氣囊置于陰道下段(氣囊下緣在陰道口內(nèi))再做一次。endprint