萬 頌,習 明,華 偉,曾昭昌,劉遠靈,周宇林,江福能,萬躍平
·臨床醫(yī)學·
·論著·
SOX9在膀胱癌中的表達和分析
萬 頌,習 明,華 偉,曾昭昌,劉遠靈,周宇林,江福能,萬躍平
目的 檢測在膀胱癌中SOX9的表達情況,探討其在膀胱癌中發(fā)生、發(fā)展可能起的作用。方法 選取近5年在廣州市花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科住院行膀胱癌手術(shù)的80例患者的病理標本,以60例膀胱癌組織作為研究組,20例膀胱癌旁組織作為對照組,采用免疫組織化學染色及Western blot方法測定各組研究對象中SOX9蛋白的表達水平。結(jié)果 SOX9在膀胱癌組織中陽性表達區(qū)域主要出現(xiàn)在細胞核,在膀胱癌旁組織中陽性表達區(qū)域主要在細胞質(zhì)和細胞核。SOX9在膀胱癌中的表達比在膀胱癌旁中的高,SOX9在膀胱癌中是癌與非癌的表達為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001),而與年齡、性別和臨床病理分期無關(guān)(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 SOX9在膀胱癌中表達升高,且在癌與非癌中表達有差異,可能成為膀胱癌新的診斷標志物。
SOX9;膀胱癌;免疫組化;癌與非癌;診斷標志物
膀胱癌是泌尿系統(tǒng)中最常見的惡性腫瘤,也是全身十大常見腫瘤之一,居我國泌尿生殖系腫瘤發(fā)病率第1位,而在西方其發(fā)病率僅次于前列腺癌,居第2位[1]。目前癌癥預測和治療大部分是根據(jù)醫(yī)生的經(jīng)驗來決定的,存在著判斷錯誤風險,且膀胱癌在臨床檢測中還沒有一個比較精準的標志物。SOX9屬于性別決定基因簇SOX[SRY(sex-determining region Y) box],其影響著男性的性別決定、軟骨形成、神經(jīng)發(fā)生和神經(jīng)嵴的發(fā)展[2-5]。先前的研究也曾報道,在前列腺癌(prosate cancer, PCa)患者中SOX9血清水平的增加可能提示PCa侵略性腫瘤進展和預后不良,建議將其潛在作為PCa的血清學腫瘤標記[6]。然而SOX9表達的臨床意義和功能特征還未見報道,因此本課題重點觀察SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌組織及癌旁組織中的表達差異,探討其在膀胱癌中發(fā)生、發(fā)展中可能起的作用。
1.1 材料 所有膀胱癌標本來自廣州市花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科近5年住院的膀胱癌手術(shù)患者。所有患者手術(shù)前未經(jīng)過放療 、化療等針對腫瘤的任何治療, 并有患者手術(shù)前后完整的病案資料。所選取的60例膀胱癌標本,均通過病理檢查證實為膀胱癌, 作為研究組。同時選取20例膀胱癌旁組織標本,作為對照組。所獲取標本均經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準并征得患者本人或家屬的同意,入選患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 試劑 兔抗人SOX9多克隆抗體購自abcam公司,兔抗人β-catenin多克隆抗體購自武漢博士德公司,組織總蛋白抽提試劑盒、West blot試劑盒購自上??党缮锕こ坦?。
1.3 方法 (1)免疫組化SP法。手術(shù)標本均經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋,4 μm厚連續(xù)切片,切片染色前常規(guī)脫蠟、水化,高溫修復抗原,全部操作按照SP試劑盒說明完成。用已知的陽性切片作為陽性對照,用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)代替一抗作為陰性對照,每次試驗均設(shè)置陰性對照。(2)Western blot方法。手術(shù)標本至-80℃冰箱保存,提取組織總蛋白,加入蛋白裂解液,用勻漿器裂解組織蛋白。每25μg等份變性蛋白經(jīng)SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳,然后將蛋白電轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF 膜, 5%的脫脂牛奶封閉,搖床搖動封閉2 h,將對應的蛋白一抗和內(nèi)參進行4℃孵育過夜。將一抗回收,用TBST洗脫液漂洗,將目的PVDF膜裝入配制好的二抗進行常溫孵育1 h,使用HRP-ECL發(fā)光法,最后進行曝光處理。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件處理,所有實驗數(shù)據(jù)均用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,計量資料分別采用重復測量數(shù)據(jù)的方差分析或兩獨立樣本t檢驗。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 免疫組化結(jié)果 SOX9在20例膀胱癌旁組織中陽性表達區(qū)域主要出現(xiàn)在細胞質(zhì)和細胞核,免疫組化評分為(5.15±4.17)分;SOX9在60例膀胱癌中陽性表達區(qū)域主要在細胞核,免疫組化評分為(8.10±2.64)分。2組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001)。見圖1。60例膀胱癌患者病理樣本年齡、性別、臨床病理分期差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
注:A、B:膀胱癌旁組織中SOX9的表達,C、D:膀胱癌組織中SOX9的表達圖1 SOX9在膀胱癌組織及癌旁組織中的表達
臨床特征例數(shù)SOX9表達P值年齡(歲) <60217.90±2.930.693 ≥60398.21±2.51性別 男468.93±2.270.182 女147.85±2.72臨床病理分期 ≤2398.21±2.730.784 >2198.00±2.63
2.2 Western blot結(jié)果 SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌及癌旁組織中的表達分別是9.34±2.68和6.66±1.90,2組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見圖2。
圖2 SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌及癌旁中的表達
在關(guān)于各種癌癥中SOX9的表達研究中,高表達SOX9往往與病人的不良預后相關(guān)。2013年Zhu H等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn)在骨肉瘤患者中SOX9過表達影響總體存活率和復發(fā)率,這表明SOX9可以成為骨肉瘤患者腫瘤進展和預后的標志物。2014年Qin等[8]進一步證實SOX9和前列腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān),這符合筆者先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)上調(diào)SOX9與PCa的進展和不良預后明顯相關(guān)。2015年Xia等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)在胰腺導管腺癌中SOX9的過表達同遠端轉(zhuǎn)移和不良預后相關(guān),表明SOX9在胰腺導管腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起了重要作用。
新的標志物對于癌癥的診斷與治療都是非常有意義的。SOX9蛋白表達在腫瘤組織中高于相鄰的良性組織,而SOX9染色差異存在于各種腫瘤組織中。在乳腺癌和肺癌細胞中,SOX9蛋白表達在細胞質(zhì)和細胞核。在PCa、胃癌和結(jié)直腸癌組織中,SOX9在細胞核染色是局部的,適度的細胞質(zhì)和細胞核染色可以發(fā)現(xiàn)前列腺癌相鄰的良性前列腺細胞。本研究顯示了類似的結(jié)果,觀察染色在膀胱癌組織中的細胞核,而在相鄰的良性組織,SOX9抗體染色在細胞質(zhì)和細胞核。
筆者通過對60例膀胱癌組織和20例膀胱癌旁組織的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)SOX9在膀胱癌組織中表達升高,與年齡、性別和臨床分期無關(guān)。因此SOX9可以作為膀胱癌的新的診斷標志物。
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(本文編輯:甘輝亮、邊冬冬)
Expression and analysis of SOX9 in urinary bladder carcinoma
WanSong,XiMing,HuaWei,ZengZhaochang,LiuYuanling,ZhouYulin,JiangFuneng,WanYiaoping
(UrinarySurgeryDepartment,HuadouPeople′sHospitalAffiliatedtotheSouthMedicalUniversity,Guangzhou510800,China)
Objective To detect the expression of SOX9 in urinary bladder carcinoma and explore its possible role in the occurrence and development of urinary bladder carcinoma.Methods Pathological samples of 80 patients who
surgery due to urinary bladder carcinoma in the Urinary Surgery Department of Huadou People's Hospital were collected for the study. Carcinoma tissues from 60 cases were used as the research group, and benign tissues from another 20 cases were used as the control group. The expressions level of SOX9 were detected in the research subjects of the 2 groups by using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blot(WB).Results Positive immunostainings of SOX9 were observed in the nucleus of carcinoma cells, while the SOX9 positive immunostainings in benign tissues could be noticed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the surrounding gland epithelial cells. The expression level of SOX9 in bladder carcinoma was higher as compared with that of the benign tissue surrounding carcinoma, and the expression level of SOX9 in bladder carcinoma was higher than that of the benign tissues surrounding carcinoma. Statistical significance could be seen in the expression level of SOX9, when comparisons were made between carcinoma tissue and non-carcinoma tissue(P< 0.001). However, clinical pathological grading seemed to have no association with age and gender(P>0.05).Conclusion The expression level of SOX9 elevated in bladder carcinoma, and significant differences could be seen in the expressed levels of carcinoma and benign tissues, which might be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
SOX9; Urinary bladder carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; Cancer and non-cancer; Diagnostic marker
廣東省科技計劃項目(2014A020212471);花都區(qū)科技計劃項目(HD15CXY005,15-HDWS-068)
510800 廣東 廣州,南方醫(yī)科大學附屬花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科(萬頌、習明、華偉、曾昭昌、劉遠靈、周宇林、萬躍平);廣東省臨床分子醫(yī)學及分子診斷重點實驗室(江福能)
萬躍平,電子信箱:songyouxiang@163.com
R373.14
A
10.3969/j.issn.1009-0754.2017.04.010
2017-03-22)