張海森++++++白玉明++++++劉暢++++++靳勝利++++++蘇珂++++++劉穎++++++呂志昌
[摘要] 目的 探討關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)治療膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(OA)并內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷患者術(shù)后血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中白介素-17(IL-17)的水平變化。 方法 以2014年1月~2015年6月因膝關(guān)節(jié)伴發(fā)內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷于滄州市中心醫(yī)院接受關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療的46例患者作為試驗(yàn)組,以30例膝關(guān)節(jié)正常自愿者作為對照組。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后采用Lysholm評分評價膝關(guān)節(jié)功能,視覺模擬(VAS)疼痛評分評價膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度。術(shù)前及術(shù)后3、6、12個月抽取患者肘部靜脈血液以及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液,采用ELISA檢測試劑盒測量血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量,對照組抽取肘部靜脈血進(jìn)行相應(yīng)檢測并比較。 結(jié)果 試驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后切口均Ⅰ期愈合;均獲隨訪,隨訪時間為12~18個月,平均15個月。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)VAS評分均較術(shù)前顯著降低,而Lysholm評分較術(shù)前顯著增加,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);而術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。與對照組相比,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)前血漿IL-17含量顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量在術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)均較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血漿IL-17含量均高于對照組水平(P < 0.05)。試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)可顯著改善膝骨關(guān)節(jié)OA伴內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷患者的疼痛癥狀和關(guān)節(jié)功能,并在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平,但尚未恢復(fù)至正常水平。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù);骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;膝;半月板損傷;白介素-17
[中圖分類號] R683 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)06(c)-0087-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in both synovial fluid and plasm of patients with primary knee medial osteoarthritis (OA) accompanied by medial meniscus injuries after arthroscopic surgery. Methods 46 patients with primary knee OA accompanied by medial meniscus injuries underwent arthroscopic surgery in Central Hospital of Cangzhou from January 2014 to June 2015 were selected as the experimental group, and 30 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Lysholm score were used to evaluate the pain level and function of the knees of patients with OA. The IL-17 concentrations in both plasma and synovial fluid of patients were measured at preoperative period and postoperative 3, 6, 12 months, and in plasma of controls were determined using auantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results Postoperative incisions were Ⅰ stage healing for patients. All patients were followed up for 12-18 months, average of 15 months. Postoperative VAS pain scores significantly decreased and Lysholm scores significantly increased compared with preoperative periods (P < 0.05). For VAS scores and Lysholm scores, there were no statistically significant differences between postoperative points (P > 0.05). Patients before arthroscopic surgery had higher plasma IL-17 concentrations compared to control group (P < 0.05). Average postoperative IL-17 levels in plasma at each time point of patients were significant lower than preoperative periods (P < 0.05), but higher than control group (P < 0.05). Postoperative plasm and synovial fluid IL-17 levels of patients after the surgery had no statistically significant differences among postoperative points (P > 0.05). Conclusion Arthroscopic surgery can significantly improve the pain symptoms and joint function and reduce IL-17 levels in both synovial fluid and plasm of the patients with knee OA accompanied by medial meniscus injuries, but IL-17 can not back to healthy level.
[Key words] Arthroscopic surgery; Osteoarthritis; Knee; Meniscus injury; Interleukin-17
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是一種復(fù)雜的關(guān)節(jié)滑膜及關(guān)節(jié)軟骨炎性疾病[1],由于炎性細(xì)胞因子破壞了軟骨細(xì)胞的合成與分解代謝平衡,進(jìn)而在OA發(fā)生與發(fā)展中起重要作用[2-3]。最近研究表明,白介素-17(IL-17)基因多態(tài)性與OA的易感性相關(guān)[4],膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者血漿及關(guān)節(jié)炎滑液中可表達(dá)高于健康人水平的IL-17[5-6]。膝關(guān)節(jié)OA早期,患者常表現(xiàn)為單純內(nèi)側(cè)間室關(guān)節(jié)炎,而這類患者常常同時伴發(fā)半月板損傷[7-10]。盡管半月板損傷的治療目前仍存有爭議[11-13],但對于臨床保守治療無效的病例,關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療由于其創(chuàng)傷小、并發(fā)癥少,選擇性應(yīng)用仍具有一定的治療價值。本研究以膝關(guān)節(jié)OA伴發(fā)內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷采用關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療患者為研究對象,觀察治療前后患者血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中IL-17變化情況,并與膝關(guān)節(jié)正常志愿者進(jìn)行比較,以期了解IL-17在關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療OA伴半月板損傷術(shù)后患者體內(nèi)變化情況。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本研究獲得滄州市中心醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),所有研究對象均為漢族國人,納入研究前均簽署知情同意書。以2014年1月~2015年6月因膝關(guān)節(jié)OA伴發(fā)內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷于我院采用關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療的46例患者作為試驗(yàn)組。另選擇30名健康志愿者作為對照組。
試驗(yàn)組:男19例,女27例;平均年齡為(50.8±4.9)歲;體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)為(26.9±3.5)kg/m2;左膝18例,右膝28例;半月板損傷病程為(6.8±4.6)周。主要臨床癥狀為膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)疼痛、輕度腫脹、關(guān)節(jié)絞索及行走功能障礙等;主要陽性體征為內(nèi)側(cè)股脛關(guān)節(jié)間隙壓痛。經(jīng)膝關(guān)節(jié)MRI檢查,結(jié)合臨床癥狀、體征確定診斷為膝內(nèi)側(cè)間室OA伴內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷[11]。經(jīng)膝關(guān)節(jié)X線片檢查,所有患者Kellgren-Lawrence(KL)法[14]分級為Ⅰ級或Ⅱ級。
對照組:男13例,女17例;平均年齡為(51.9±4.7)歲;BMI為(27.7±3.9)kg/m2。經(jīng)X線檢查排除膝關(guān)節(jié)病變,膝關(guān)節(jié)X線片評價均為KL 0級。排除存在關(guān)節(jié)痛、關(guān)節(jié)功能受限、糖尿病、糖皮質(zhì)激素類用藥史、其他類型關(guān)節(jié)炎罹患史及癌癥等志愿者。
兩組研究對象性別、年齡、BMI比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。所有研究對象均排除風(fēng)濕免疫性疾病、血液腫瘤性疾病、內(nèi)分泌疾病和嚴(yán)重的心、肝、腎等臟器功能障礙情況。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
采用1%利多卡因于局部浸潤麻醉下實(shí)施手術(shù)。常規(guī)采用髕下內(nèi)、外側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡入路。術(shù)中采用刨刀對增生炎性滑膜、漂浮的軟骨碎屑及龜裂嚴(yán)重的軟骨進(jìn)行清理;采用射頻刀止血,修整軟骨缺損邊緣,使之平整;采用藍(lán)鉗對損傷半月板行成形術(shù),射頻修整邊緣。術(shù)畢皮內(nèi)縫合手術(shù)切口。
1.3 術(shù)后處理及觀測指標(biāo)
試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后患膝冰敷6 h。術(shù)后第2天即開始功能鍛煉,適度負(fù)重活動。采用Lysholm評分[15]評價膝關(guān)節(jié)功能,采用視覺模擬(visual analogue scale,VAS)疼痛評分[16]評價膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛程度。術(shù)前及術(shù)后3、6、12個月抽取肘部靜脈血液10 mL以及患側(cè)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑液2 mL。采用ELISA檢測試劑盒測量血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量。對照組僅抽取肘部靜脈血進(jìn)行相應(yīng)檢測。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),同組間不同時間點(diǎn)的比較采用重復(fù)測量的方差分析;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 試驗(yàn)組手術(shù)前后VAS及Lysholm評分情況
試驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,無切口感染等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。術(shù)后均獲隨訪,隨訪時間為12~18個月,平均15個月。術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)VAS評分均較術(shù)前顯著降低,Lysholm評分較術(shù)前顯著增加,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組IL-17水平比較
對照組血漿IL-17含量為(2.4±1.7)pg/mL。與對照組比較,試驗(yàn)組術(shù)前血漿IL-17含量顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量在術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)均較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但血漿IL-17含量均高于對照組水平(P < 0.05)。術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
3 討論
相關(guān)研究表明,OA患者IL-17水平顯著高于健康人群[2,17-19]。在OA發(fā)生過程中IL-17可針對軟骨細(xì)胞和滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞膜表面的抗原發(fā)生直接細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答效應(yīng)[20-21],IL-17可上調(diào)軟骨細(xì)胞及滑膜成纖維細(xì)胞MMP的表達(dá),而后者是軟骨降解的潛在物質(zhì)[20]。IL-17還可增強(qiáng)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨細(xì)胞一氧化氮合酶表達(dá),誘導(dǎo)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的破壞[22]。
以往對于膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療半月板損傷的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)研究相對較少,報道多集中于對其臨床療效的評估[11-13,15],關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療術(shù)后患者機(jī)體內(nèi)相關(guān)炎性細(xì)胞因子的水平變化如何,尚未見相關(guān)報道。本研究對關(guān)節(jié)鏡治療膝關(guān)節(jié)OA伴發(fā)半月板損傷患者的血漿和關(guān)節(jié)滑液中細(xì)胞因子IL-17水平進(jìn)行了檢測,數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,內(nèi)側(cè)間室膝關(guān)節(jié)OA并內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷患者在接受關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)治療3個月后血漿及關(guān)節(jié)滑液IL-17含量較術(shù)前顯著降低(P < 0.05),但仍高于健康對照組水平。術(shù)后臨床隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn),患者術(shù)后3個月VAS疼痛評分及Lysholm評分較術(shù)前顯著改善,直至術(shù)后12個月未見疼痛加重及功能丟失情況,術(shù)后各時間點(diǎn)IL-17水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。本研究結(jié)果表明,關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)可顯著改善內(nèi)側(cè)間室膝關(guān)節(jié)OA伴內(nèi)側(cè)半月板損傷患者的疼痛癥狀和關(guān)節(jié)功能,并可在一定程度上降低患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平,但不能使這些細(xì)胞因子恢復(fù)至健康人水平。本研究提示膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)具有改善OA并半月板損傷患者機(jī)體生物學(xué)環(huán)境的效果,但不能逆轉(zhuǎn)OA的病理過程。因此,有望進(jìn)一步研究通過關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)聯(lián)合其他生物學(xué)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)更為有效治療OA及半月板損傷的目的。
在研究的局限性方面,首先,本研究為一項(xiàng)單中心實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,樣本量相對較小,因此尚需進(jìn)一步實(shí)施大樣本、多中心前瞻性隨機(jī)對照研究以證實(shí)研究結(jié)果的可靠性。另外,本研究只對研究對象血漿和滑液中的IL-17水平進(jìn)行了檢測,而與OA相關(guān)的炎癥因子很多,本研究選取的這一細(xì)胞因子可能不能完全代表其他因子的水平。最后,鑒于接受關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)治療的OA患者體內(nèi)IL-17水平可能會受到手術(shù)刺激、麻醉、術(shù)后藥物治療等因素影響,因此IL-17水平檢測時間設(shè)定在術(shù)后3個月以及之后,此時患膝腫脹消退,行走能力已基本恢復(fù)正常,患者無需OA相關(guān)的藥物治療,手術(shù)本身造成的機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境改變基本得以恢復(fù)。但是,對于患者的職業(yè)因素、環(huán)境因素、運(yùn)動活動水平不可能完全控制,因此,這些因素會否影響實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果尚需更趨設(shè)計嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)脑囼?yàn)研究證實(shí)。
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