鄧改改+楊秀偉+張友波+徐嵬+韋瑋+李振國
[摘要] 該文研究禹白芷Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi根脂溶性化學成分。采用硅膠和高效液相等柱色譜方法進行分離純化,通過化合物的譜學數(shù)據(jù)鑒定其結(jié)構(gòu)。共分離得到33個化合物,分別鑒定為異歐前胡素(1)、歐前胡素(2)、豆甾醇(3)、異氧化前胡內(nèi)酯(4)、栓翅芹烯醇(5)、補骨脂素(6)、香柑內(nèi)酯(7)、異去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素(8)、珊瑚菜內(nèi)酯(9)、歐芹酚(10)、別歐前胡素(11)、花椒毒素(12)、花椒毒酚(13)、異茴芹內(nèi)酯(14)、別異歐前胡素(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)、氧化別歐前胡素(17)、牧草栓翅芹酮(18)、5-羥基-8-甲氧基補骨脂素(19)、二氫歐山芹醇(20)、獨活醇(21)、異栓翅芹烯醇(22)、2"R-新白當歸腦(23)、白當歸素乙醚(24)、白當歸素(25)、水合氧化前胡內(nèi)酯(26)、尿嘧啶(27)、傘形花內(nèi)酯(28)、佛手酚(29)、去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素(30)、異白當歸腦(31)、氧化前胡內(nèi)酯乙醇醚(32)和獨活屬醇(33)。其中,化合物8,10,17,21和30為首次從該種植物中分離得到。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 禹白芷;香豆素;異去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素;歐芹酚;氧化別歐前胡素;獨活醇;去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素
[Abstract] The chemical constituents from lipophilic parts in the roots of Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi were studied in this paper. The compounds were separated and purified by repeated column chromatographic methods on silica gel and HPLC,and the chemical structures of compounds were determined by spectral data analyses. Thirty-three compounds were obtained and identified as isoimperatorin (1),imperatorin (2),stigmasterol (3),isooxypeucedanin (4),pabulenol (5),psoralen (6),bergapten (7),isodemethylfuropinarine (8),phellopterin (9),osthenol (10),alloimperatorin (11),xanthotoxin (12),xanthotoxol (13),isopimpinellin (14),alloisoimperatorin (15),β-sitosterol (16),oxyalloimperatorin (17),pabularinone (18),5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen (19),columbianetin (20),heracol (21),isogosferol (22),2″R-neobyakangelicol (23),byakangelicin ethoxide (24),byakangelicin (25),oxypeucedanin hydrate (26),uracil (27),umbelliferone (28),bergaptol (29),demethylfuropinarine (30),isobyakangelicol (31),oxypeucedanin ethanolate (32),heraclenol (33). Among them,compounds 8,10,17,21,and 30 were obtained from the roots of title plant for the first time.
[Key words] Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi;coumarins;isodemethylfuropinarine;osthenol;oxyalloimperatorin;heracol;demethylfuropinarine
禹白芷Angelica dahurica cv. Yubaizhi為河南禹州及周邊縣市所產(chǎn)白芷A. dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f.的栽培種,與祁白芷的基源植物相同,均為白芷[1],為川、杭、祁、禹四大商品白芷之一[2]。白芷,辛,溫。歸胃、大腸、肺經(jīng);作為常用傳統(tǒng)中藥,具有解表散寒,祛風止痛,宣通鼻竅,燥濕止帶,消腫排膿等功效;用于治療感冒頭痛,眉棱骨痛,鼻塞流涕,鼻鼽,鼻淵,牙痛,帶下,瘡瘍腫痛[3]。禹白芷栽培歷史悠久,據(jù)《河南省醫(yī)藥志》記載:“禹縣、長葛等縣主產(chǎn)。河南種植白芷始于16世紀20年代,全國主產(chǎn)地之一”,據(jù)《長葛縣志》記載:“長葛縣白芷種植歷史悠久,清乾隆年間,后溪鎮(zhèn)畫匠村有個姓喬的藥商,從外地帶回白芷試種……長葛縣白芷以會白芷馳名全國”[2]。禹白芷的栽培面積不大,主要供北方各省使用[1]。有關(guān)禹白芷化學成分的系統(tǒng)分離鑒定研究較少,主要為其一些化學成分的含量測定研究。蔡敏等[4]采用高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜(HPLC-MS-MS)分析方法,報道了禹白芷中6個主要的呋喃香豆素的分析。張翠英等[5]采用毛細管氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜對不同產(chǎn)地干燥方法禹白芷中揮發(fā)性成分進行了鑒定,用面積歸一化法測定其相對百分含量。王曉燕等[6]采用HPLC分析比較了不同采收地、不同采收期、不同藥用部位、不同采收地干燥方法制備的禹白芷藥材中歐前胡素、異歐前胡素的含量。作為白芷藥材質(zhì)量評價系統(tǒng)性研究的一部分,本文報道禹白芷根化學成分的系統(tǒng)研究,從其乙醇提取物的脂溶性部分分離鑒定了33個化合物(1~33)。
1 材料
Bruker AV III 400型核磁共振波譜儀(Bruker BioSpin AG Facilities,F(xiàn)llanden,Switzerland),TMS為內(nèi)標;Finnigan TRACE 2000 GC-MS質(zhì)譜儀(EI-MS,Thermo Finnigan,San Jose,CA,USA)和MDS SCIEX API QSTAR型質(zhì)譜儀(ESI-TOF-MS,Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex.,F(xiàn)oster City,CA,USA)。LC 3000制備型高效液相色譜儀(HPLC,北京創(chuàng)新通恒科技有限公司,北京),配置P3050型二元泵,UV3000型UV檢測器,CXTH-3000工作站。Phenomenex Prodigy ODS色譜柱(21.2 mm ×250 mm,10 μm;Phenomenex,Torrance,CA,USA);柱色譜用Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia,F(xiàn)ine Chemicals,Inc.,Piscataway,NJ,USA);柱色譜硅膠(200~300目)和GF254薄層色譜(TLC)硅膠(青島海洋化工廠,青島);色譜純甲醇和乙腈(Fisher Scientiac,F(xiàn)air lawn,NJ,USA);分析純乙醇、甲醇(MeOH)、石油醚、丙酮、環(huán)己烷、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、正丁醇和三氯甲烷(北京化工廠,北京)。
禹白芷藥材于2011年7月采自河南省禹州市郭連鄉(xiāng),經(jīng)河南省食品藥品檢驗所李振國主任藥師鑒定為傘形科當歸屬植物禹白芷A. dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. cv. Yubaizhi(A. dahurica cv. Yubaizhi)的干燥根,憑證標本(201107YBZ)存放于北京大學天然藥物及仿生藥物國家重點實驗室。
2 提取與分離
禹白芷藥材干燥根粉末7.0 kg,用4倍量的75%乙醇回流提取5次,第1次提取2 h,以后每次1 h,合并提取液,減壓濃縮,得濃縮液2 800 mL(取400 mL濃縮液干燥,得浸膏268.72 g,計算提取收率為26.87%)。剩余濃縮液2 400 mL加蒸餾水稀釋至3 200 mL,用2倍量的環(huán)己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇依次萃取9,10,10次,得環(huán)己烷萃取物104.2 g(按投料生藥計算收率為1.74%,下同)、乙酸乙酯萃取物51.7 g(收率0.86%)、正丁醇萃取物313.2 g(收率5.22%)和殘留水層。
取環(huán)己烷萃取物100 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,環(huán)己烷-乙酸乙酯(10∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,析出結(jié)晶流分經(jīng)反復重結(jié)晶得化合物1(3.0 g),2(10.0 g),3(570 mg),4(100 mg),5(110 mg)。其余流分經(jīng)TLC檢識,合并,得組分Fr.1~Fr.3。Fr.1(5.66 g)經(jīng)環(huán)己烷-乙酸乙酯(5∶1~2∶1)梯度洗脫得組分Fr.1-1和Fr.1-2。Fr.1-1經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 65∶35)分離、純化,得化合物6(tR =22 min,20 mg),7(tR =32 min,50 mg),8(tR =59 min,30 mg),9(tR =92 min,2.0 g)和Fr.1-1.1。Fr.1-1.1再經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 52∶48)純化,得化合物10(tR =134 min,10 mg)。Fr.1-2經(jīng)反復硅膠和Sephadex LH-20(三氯甲烷-甲醇 1∶1)柱色譜,得化合物11(30 mg),12(15 mg),13(20 mg),14(10 mg),15(10 mg),16(30 mg)。Fr.2(3.86 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,環(huán)己烷-乙酸乙酯(9∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,得Fr.2-1和Fr.2-2。Fr.2-1經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 65∶35)分離、純化,得化合物17(tR =30 min,10 mg)和18(tR =34 min,5 mg)。Fr.2-2經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 65∶35)分離、純化,得化合物19(tR =19 min,90 mg)和Fr.2-2.1。Fr.2-2.1再經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 55∶45)純化,得化合物20(tR =28 min,5 mg)和21(tR =105 min,5 mg)。Fr.3(0.61 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚–丙酮(6∶1~2∶1)梯度洗脫,再經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 60∶40)分離、純化,得化合物22(tR =22 min,10 mg),23(tR =39 min,20 mg),24(tR =84 min,25 mg)。
取乙酸乙酯萃取物47.7 g,經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,三氯甲烷-甲醇(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,析出結(jié)晶流分經(jīng)反復重結(jié)晶得化合物25(2.0 g),26(4.3 g),27(50 mg)。其余流分經(jīng)TLC檢識,合并,并經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,三氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,得Fr.1和Fr.2。Fr.1(2.62 g)經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 60∶40)分離、純化,得化合物28(tR =14 min,10 mg),29(tR =27 min,10 mg),30(tR =116 min,20 mg),F(xiàn)r.1-1和Fr.1-2。Fr.1-1經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 55∶45)分離、純化,得化合物31(tR =78 min,30 mg)。Fr.1-2經(jīng)制備HPLC(乙腈-水 40∶60)分離、純化,得化合物32(tR =115 min,10 mg)。Fr.2(0.81 g)經(jīng)制備HPLC(甲醇-水 52∶48)純化,得化合物33(tR=45 min,10 mg)。
3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物3,16,27經(jīng)IR,MS,NMR測試并與對照品共薄層色譜分析,分別鑒定為豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇和尿嘧啶。
化合物1 無色針晶(EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.23 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.11 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.09 (1H,s,H-8),7.57 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.93 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),4.89 (2H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-1″),5.51 (1H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-2″),1.78 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.68 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.2 (C-2),112.4 (C-3),139.5 (C-4),148.9 (C-5),114.0 (C-6),158.0 (C-7),94.0 (C-8),152.5 (C-9),107.3 (C-10),144.8 (C-2′),105.0 (C-3′),69.6 (C-1″),119.0 (C-2″),139.7 (C-3″),25.7 (3″-CH3),18.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的異歐前胡素(isoimperatorin)一致。
化合物2 無色針晶(EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.37 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),7.76 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),6.81 (1H,s,H-5),7.69 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2′),7.36 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-3′),5.00 (2H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1″),5.61 (1H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2″),1.74 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.72 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.5 (C-2),113.1 (C-3),144.3 (C-4),114.5 (C-5),125.8 (C-6),148.5 (C-7),131.5 (C-8),143.7 (C-9),116.4 (C-10),146.5 (C-2′),106.7 (C-3′),70.1 (C-1″),119.7 (C-2″),139.6 (C-3″),25.7 (3″-CH3),18.0 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的歐前胡素(imperatorin)一致。
化合物4 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 286 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.34 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.33 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.20 (1H,s,H-8),7.61 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.84 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),5.08 (2H,s,H-1″),2.87 (1H,q,J=7.2 Hz,H-3″),1.19 (6H,d,J=7.2 Hz,3″-CH3×2); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.9 (C-2),113.3(C-3),139.2 (C-4),147.8 (C-5),113.6 (C-6),158.0 (C-7),95.0 (C-8),152.6 (C-9),107.5 (C-10),145.5 (C-2′),104.1 (C-3′),75.0 (C-1″),208.8 (C-2″),37.4 (C-3″),17.9 (3″-CH3×2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的異氧化前胡內(nèi)酯(isooxypeucedanin)一致。
化合物5 無色針晶(CHCl3-MeOH);EI-MS m/z 286 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.27 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.18 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.15 (1H,s,H-8),7.60 (1H,J=2.4 Hz,H-2′),6.97 (1H,J=2.4 Hz,H-3′),4.46 (1H,dd,J=9.7,3.6 Hz,Ha-1″),4.39 (1H,dd,J=9.7,7.3 Hz,Hb-1″),4.55 (1H,dd,J=7.3,3.6 Hz,H-2″),5.20 (1H,s,Ha-4″),5.07 (1H,s,Hb-4″),1.83 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.1 (C-2),113.4 (C-3),139.2 (C-4),143.3 (C-5),114.1 (C-6),158.0 (C-7),94.7 (C-8),152.5 (C-9),107.3 (C-10),145.2 (C-2′),104.7 (C-3′),74.2 (C-1″),75.6 (C-2″),148.5 (C-3″),112.9 (C-4″),18.7 (C-5″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的栓翅芹烯醇(pabulenol)一致。
化合物6 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 186 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.37 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-3),7.79 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-4),7.68 (1H,s,H-5),7.46 (1H,s,H-8),7.69 (1H,br s,H-2′),6.83 (1H,br s,H-3′);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.0 (C-2),114.6 (C-3),144.0 (C-4),119.8 (C-5),124.9 (C-6),156.4 (C-7),99.8 (C-8),152.0 (C-9),115.4 (C-10),146.9 (C-2′),106.3 (C-3′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[9]報道的補骨脂素(psoralen)的一致。
化合物7 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 216 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.16 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.14 (1H,s,H-8),7.59 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′),7.02 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-3′),4.27 (3H,s,5-OCH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.2 (C-2),112.5 (C-3),139.2 (C-4),149.6 (C-5),112.7 (C-6),158.4 (C-7),93.8 (C-8),152.7 (C-9),106.4 (C-10),144.8 (C-2′),105.0 (C-3′),60.1 (5-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的香柑內(nèi)酯(bergapten)一致。
化合物8 淡黃色粉末(MeOH);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.24 (1H,d,J=10.1 Hz,H-3),8.49 (1H,d,J=10.1 Hz,H-4),7.65 (1H,br s,H-2′),7.22 (1H,br s,H-3′),6.28 (1H,dd,J=17.5,10.5 Hz,H-2″),5.10 (1H,d,J=10.5 Hz,Ha-3″),4.97(1H,d,J= 17.5 Hz,Hb-3″),1.71 (6H,s,1″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.0 (C-2),111.4 (C-3),145.0 (C-4),128.7 (C-5),124.4 (C-6),145.0 (C-7),129.4 (C-8),140.9 (C-9),113.9 (C-10),145.5 (C-2′),108.3 (C-3′),44.0 (C-1″),150.1 (C-2″),112.0 (C-3″),32.2 (1″-CH3×2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]報道的異去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素(isodemethylfuropinarine)一致。
化合物9 淡黃色粉末(MeOH);ESI-MS m/z 301 [M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.12 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.62 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.99 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),4.85 (2H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-1″),5.60 (1H,t,J=7.1 Hz,H-2″),1.74 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.70 (3H,s,3″-CH3),4.17 (3H,s,5-OCH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.5(C-2),112.8 (C-3),139.3 (C-4),144.4 (C-5),114.6 (C-6),150.8 (C-7),126.9 (C-8),144.4 (C-9),107.6 (C-10),145.1 (C-2′),105.0 (C-3′),60.8 (5-OCH3),70.4 (C-1″),119.9 (C-2″),139.6 (C-3″),25.8 (3″-CH3),18.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的珊瑚菜內(nèi)酯(phellopterin)一致。
化合物10 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 230 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.24 (1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-3),7.62 (1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-4),7.23 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5),6.79 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-6),3.63 (2H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-1″),5.28 (1H,t,J=7.1 Hz,H-2″),1.86 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.76 (3H,s,3″-CH3),6.09 (1H,s,7-OH);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 162.3 (C-2),111.9 (C-3),144.8 (C-4),126.4 (C-5),113.4 (C-6),158.5 (C-7),134.6 (C-8),153.3 (C-9),112.4 (C-10),22.0 (C-1′),120.7 (C-2′),134.5 (C-3′),25.7 (3′-CH3),17.9 (3′-CH3)。1H-NMR數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[11]報道的歐芹酚(osthenol)一致。
化合物11 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.37 (1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-3),8.00 (1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-4),7.69 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′),6.84 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-3′),5.99 (1H,s,8-OH),3.69 (2H,d,J=6.9 Hz,H-1″),5.13 (1H,t,J=6.9 Hz,H-2″),1.84 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.70 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.0 (C-2),113.5 (C-3),141.7 (C-4),122.3 (C-5),125.6 (C-6),144.0 (C-7),127.7 (C-8),139.7 (C-9),113.5 (C-10),146.4 (C-2′),105.7 (C-3′),27.9 (C-1″),123.1 (C-2″),132.7 (C-3″),25.6 (3″-CH3),18.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的別歐前胡素(alloimperatorin)一致。
化合物12 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 216 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.37 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),7.76 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),7.35 (1H,s,H-5),6.82 (1H,J=2.1 Hz,H-2′),7.69 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-3′),4.30 (3H,s,8-OCH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.4 (C-2),114.6 (C-3),144.3 (C-4),112.9 (C-5),126.1 (C-6),147.6 (C-7),132.7 (C-8),142.9 (C-9),116.4 (C-10),146.6 (C-2′),106.7 (C-3′),61.2 (8-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的花椒毒素(xanthotoxin)的一致。
化合物13 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 202 [M]+;1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 6.40 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),8.12 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),7.45 (1H,s,H-5),8.08 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′),7.04 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-3′),10.67 (1H,s,8-OH);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ: 160.1 (C-2),113.9 (C-3),145.6 (C-4),110.2 (C-5),125.3 (C-6),145.5 (C-7),130.2 (C-8),139.8 (C-9),116.3 (C-10),147.5 (C-2′),107.1 (C-3′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[12]報道的花椒毒酚(xanthotoxol)一致。
化合物14 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 246 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.11 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-4),7.62 (1H,br s,H-2′),6.99 (1H,br s,H-3′),4.16 (6H,s,OCH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.4 (C-2),112.9 (C-3),139.3 (C-4),144.3 (C-5),114.9 (C-6),150.0 (C-7),128.3 (C-8),143.7 (C-9),107.7 (C-10),145.1 (C-2′),105.1 (C-3′),61.7 (8-OCH3),60.8 (5-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的異茴芹內(nèi)酯(isopimpinellin)一致。
化合物15 淡黃色結(jié)晶(無水乙醇);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 6.40 (1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-3),8.19 (1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-4),8.05 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2′),7.09 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-3′),3.72 (2H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-1″),5.11 (1H,t,J=6.5 Hz,H-2″),1.80 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.63 (3H,s,3″-CH3),10.38 (1H,br s,8-OH);13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ: 160.0 (C-2),113.3 (C-3),140.7 (C-4),142.2 (C-5),128.7 (C-6),145.2 (C-7),124.9 (C-8),142.2 (C-9),113.7 (C-10),146.9 (C-2′),106.1 (C-3′),25.4 (C-1″),123.1 (C-2″),131.5 (C-3″),27.2 (3″-CH3),18.0 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]報道的別異歐前胡素(alloisoimperatorin)一致。
化合物17 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);ESI-MS m/z 323[M+Na]+,299[M–H]–;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.62 (1H,d,J=9.7 Hz,H-3),7.65 (1H,d,J=9.7 Hz,H-4),7.79 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.69 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-3′),2.77 (1H,dd,J=12.8,7.3 Hz,Ha-1″),2.71 (1H,dd,J=12.8,8.2 Hz,Hb-1″),4.61 (1H,dd,J=8.2,7.3 Hz,H-2″),2.98 (3H,s,5-OCH3),1.54 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.37 (3H,s,3″-CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 158.9 (C-2),120.9 (C-3),140.1 (C-4),76.6 (C-5),138.6 (C-6),147.3 (C-7),164.9 (C-8),151.0 (C-9),126.9 (C-10),149.3 (C-2′),109.9 (C-3′),52.8 (5-OCH3),39.9 (C-1″),115.1 (C-2″),137.7 (C-3″),25.8 (3″-CH3),18.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[13]報道的氧化別歐前胡素(oxyalloimperatorin)一致。
化合物18 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 286 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.37 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),7.76 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),7.36 (1H,s,H-5),7.66 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.81 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),5.19 (2H,s,H-1″),3.05 (1H,q,J=7.0 Hz,H-3″),1.20 (6H,d,J=7.0 Hz,3″-CH3×2);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.2 (C-2),114.6 (C-3),144.2 (C-4),113.2 (C-5),126.0 (C-6),147.0 (C-7),131.0 (C-8),142.4 (C-9),116.4 (C-10),146.5 (C-2′),106.6 (C-3′),75.1 (C-1"),209.6 (C-2"),37.0 (C-3"),17.7 (3"-CH3×2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的牧草栓翅芹酮(pabularinone)的一致。
化合物19 淡黃色針晶(EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 232 [M]+;1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 6.32 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.17 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),8.05 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-2′),7.30 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.09 (3H,s,8-OCH3),10.12 (1H,s,5-OH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ: 160.1 (C-2),112.4 (C-3),139.9 (C-4),141.2 (C-5),114.8 (C-6),147.2 (C-7),125.6 (C-8),139.7 (C-9),107.2 (C-10),146.2 (C-2′),105.4 (C-3′),61.1 (8-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]報道的5-羥基-8-甲氧基補骨脂素(5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen;5-hydroxyxanthotoxin)一致。
化合物20 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 246 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.21 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-3),7.63 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-4),7.27 (1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-5),6.75 (1H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-6),3.35 (1H,dd,J=15.2,9.3 Hz,Ha-1′),3.39 (1H,dd,J=15.2,8.4 Hz,Hb-1′),4.80 (1H,dd,J=9.3,8.4 Hz,H-2′),1.37 (3H,s,3′-CH3),1.24 (3H,s,3′-CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.0 (C-2),112.3 (C-3),143.9 (C-4),128.7 (C-5),106.7 (C-6),163.7 (C-7),114.0 (C-8),151.4 (C-9),113.1 (C-10),27.6 (C-1′),91.4 (C-2′),71.8 (C-3′),26.0 (3′-CH3),23.9 (3′-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的二氫歐山芹醇(columbianetin)一致。
化合物21 白色粉末(MeOH);EI-MS m/z 318[M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.12 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.63 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-2′),7.01 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.18 (3H,s,5-OCH3),4.60 (1H,dd,J=10.2,2.7 Hz,Ha-1″),4.26 (1H,dd,J=10.2,8.3 Hz,Hb-1″),3.83 (1H,dddd,J=8.3,5.9,2.7 Hz,H-2″),1.88 (1H,dddd,J=6.8,6.8,5.9 Hz,H-3″),1.23 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,3″-CH3),0.99 (3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,3″-CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.2 (C-2),112.8 (C-3),139.5 (C-4),144.8 (C-5),114.5 (C-6),150.1 (C-7),126.8 (C-8),143.9 (C-9),107.5 (C-10),145.2 (C-2′),105.3 (C-3′),60.7 (OCH3),76.0 (C-1″),76.1 (C-2″),71.5 (C-3″),26.6(3″-CH3),25.0 (3″-CH3)。根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)鑒定該化合物為獨活醇(heracol)[14-15]。
化合物22 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 286[M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.38 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),7.77 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),7.40 (1H,s,H-5),7.70 (1H,br s,H-2′),6.83 (1H,br s,H-3′),4.62 (1H,dd,J=9.8,2.4 Hz,Ha-1″),4.54 (1H,br d,J=9.8,8.8 Hz,Hb-1″),4.31 (1H,dd,J=8.8,2.4 Hz,H-2″),5.17 (1H,br s,Ha-4″),5.00 (1H,br s,Hb-4″),1.83 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.3 (C-2),114.8 (C-3),144.3 (C-4),113.8 (C-5),126.0 (C-6),148.1 (C-7),131.6 (C-8),142.7 (C-9),116.5 (C-10),146.8 (C-2′),106.9 (C-3′),77.4 (C-1″),73.9 (C-2″),143.5 (C-3″),112.8 (C-4″),19.0 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[16]報道的異栓翅芹烯醇(isogosferol)一致。
化合物23 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 316 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.25 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.09 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.61 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-2′),7.00 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.17 (3H,s,5-OCH3),4.49 (1H,dd,J=10.0,2.8 Hz,Ha-1″),4.44 (1H,dd,J=10.0,8.3 Hz,Hb-1″),4.14 (1H,dd,J=8.3,2.8 Hz,H-2″),5.13 (1H,d,J=0.6 Hz,Ha-4″),4.96 (1H,d,J=0.6 Hz,Hb-4″),1.79 (3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.1 (C-2),112.7 (C-3),139.4 (C-4),144.8 (C-5),114.3 (C-6),150.2 (C-7),126.6 (C-8),144.0 (C-9),107.3 (C-10),145.1 (C-2′),105.3 (C-3′),60.6 (5-OCH3),73.8 (C-1″),77.6 (C-2″),142.8 (C-3″),112.6 (C-4″),18.9 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的2″R-新白當歸腦(2″R-neobyakangelicol)一致。
化合物24 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 362 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400MHz) δ: 6.29 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.12 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.63 (1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-2′),7.00 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.18 (3H,s,5-OCH3),4.60 (1H,dd,J=10.2,3.0 Hz,Ha -1″),4.23 (1H,dd,J=10.2,8.3 Hz,Hb-1″),3.98 (1H,dd,J=8.3,3.0 Hz,H-2″),1.26 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.25 (3H,s,3″-CH3),3.47 (2H,septet,J=13.9,7.0 Hz,3″-OCH2CH3),1.14 (3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,3″-OCH2CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的白當歸素乙醚(byakangelicin ethoxide)一致。
化合物25 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 334[M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.12 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.63 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-2′),7.01 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.18 (3H,s,5-OCH3),4.60 (1H,dd,J=10.2,2.7 Hz,Ha -1″),4.26 (1H,dd,J=10.2,7.9 Hz,Hb-1″),3.83 (1H,dd,J=7.9,2.7 Hz,H-2″),1.32 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.28(3H,s,3″-CH3);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.2 (C-2),112.8 (C-3),139.5 (C-4),144.8 (C-5),114.5 (C-6),150.1 (C-7),126.8 (C-8),143.9 (C-9),107.5 (C-10),145.2 (C-2′),105.3 (C-3′),60.7 (5-OCH3),76.0 (C-1″),76.1 (C-2″),71.5 (C-3″),26.6 (3″-CH3),25.0 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的白當歸素(byakangelicin)一致。
化合物26 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 304 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.27 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.16 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.14 (1H,s,H-8),7.60 (1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-2′),6.99 (1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-3′),4.54 (1H,dd,J=9.8,3.0 Hz,Ha-1″),4.44 (1H,dd,J=9.8,7.7 Hz,Hb-1″),3.91 (1H,dd,J=7.7,3.0 Hz,H-2″),1.36 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.31 (3H,s,3″-CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.1 (C-2),113.0 (C-3),139.0 (C-4),148.5 (C-5),114.2 (C-6),158.1 (C-7),94.8 (C-8),152.5 (C-9),107.3 (C-10),145.2 (C-2′),104.7 (C-3′),74.5 (C-1″),76.5 (C-2″),71.6 (C-3″),26.7 (3″-CH3),25.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的水合氧化前胡內(nèi)酯(oxypeucedanin hydrate)一致。
化合物28 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 162 [M]+;1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 6.20 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-3),7.93 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-4),7.52 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5),6.78 (1H,dd,J=8.5,2.2 Hz,H-6),6.71 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),10.55 (1H,s,7-OH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ: 160.5 (C-2),111.5 (C-3),144.6 (C-4),129.8 (C-5),113.2 (C-6),161.4 (C-7),102.2 (C-8),155.6 (C-9),111.3 (C-10)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的傘形花內(nèi)酯(umbelliferone)一致。
化合物29 黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);ESI-MS m/z 201 [M–H]–;1H-NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz) δ: 6.25 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.25 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.91 (1H,br s,H-2′),7.19 (1H,br s,H-3′),7.15 (1H,s,H-8),11.31 (1H,d,J=3.1 Hz,5-OH); 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz) δ: 160.3 (C-2),110.8 (C-3),139.7 (C-4),147.5 (C-5),112.4 (C-6),157.0 (C-7),90.7 (C-8),152.4 (C-9),104.4 (C-10),144.7 (C-2′),110.7 (C-3′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[17]報道的佛手酚(bergaptol)一致。
化合物30 淡黃色粉末(MeOH);EI-MS m/z 270 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.17 (1H,d,J=9.7 Hz,H-3),8.28 (1H,d,J=9.7 Hz,H-4),7.84 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′),7.21 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-3′),6.30 (1H,dd,J=17.3,10.6 Hz,H-2″),4.92 (1H,d,J=17.3 Hz,Ha-3″),4.91 (1H,d,J=10.6 Hz,Hb-3″),1.71 (6H,s,1″-CH3×2);13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.3 (C-2),109.7 (C-3),140.6 (C-4),147.8 (C-5),113.5 (C-6),155.7 (C-7),109.8 (C-8),150.5 (C-9),104.7 (C-10),144.0 (C-2′),104.6 (C-3′),40.3 (C-1″),147.8 (C-2″),109.8 (C-3″),28.9 (1″-CH3),28.9 (1″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[10]報道的去甲基呋喃羽葉蕓香素(demethylfuropinarine)一致。
化合物31 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/s 316 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.24 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.08 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.59 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-2′),6.98 (1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-3′),4.15 (3H,s,5-OCH3),5.00 (2H,s,H-1″),3.07 (1H,nonet,J=6.8 Hz,H-3″),1.18 (6H,d,J=6.8 Hz,3″-CH3×2); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.0 (C-2),112.7 (C-3),139.4 (C-4),144.5 (C-5),114.6 (C-6),149.4 (C-7),126.3 (C-8),143.1 (C-9),107.4 (C-10),145.1 (C-2′),105.1 (C-3′),60.7 (5-OCH3),75.8 (C-1″),210.2 (C-2″),36.9 (C-3″),17.8 (3″-CH3×2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[8]報道的異白當歸腦(isobyakangelicol;anhydrobyakangelicin)一致。
化合物32 淡黃色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 332 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.28 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),8.23 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),7.15 (1H,s,H-8),7.59 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),7.02 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3′),4.59 (1H,dd,J=10.0,3.2 Hz,H-1″),4.39 (1H,dd,J=10.0,7.6,Hz,H-1″),3.93 (1H,dd,J=7.6,3.2 Hz,H-2″),1.27 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.24 (3H,s,3″-CH3),3.48 (2H,septet,J=13.9,7.0 Hz,3″-OCH2CH3),1.18 (3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,3″-OCH2CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 161.2 (C-2),112.8 (C-3),139.4 (C-4),148.8 (C-5),114.0 (C-6),158.1 (C-7),94.4 (C-8),152.6 (C-9),107.3 (C-10),145.0 (C-2′),104.9 (C-3′),74.2 (C-1″),75.7 (C-2″),76.2 (C-3″),21.3 (3″-CH3),16.0 (3″-CH3),56.7 (C-1),21.4 (C-2)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的氧化前胡素乙醇醚(oxypeucedanin ethanolate)一致。
化合物33 白色粉末(MeOH-EtOAc);EI-MS m/z 304 [M]+;1H-NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz) δ: 6.36 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-3),7.76 (1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-4),7.38 (1H,s,H-5),7.69 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-2′),6.82 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-3′),4.74 (1H,dd,J=10.2,2.6 Hz,Ha-1″),4.41 (1H,dd,J=10.2,7.9 Hz,Hb-1″),3.87 (1H,dd,J=7.9,2.6 Hz,H-2″),1.33 (3H,s,3″-CH3),1.29 (3H,s,3″-CH3); 13C-NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz) δ: 160.1 (C-2),114.8 (C-3),144.3 (C-4),113.8 (C-5),126.1 (C-6),148.0 (C-7),131.6 (C-8),143.4 (C-9),116.5 (C-10),146.8 (C-2′),106.9 (C-3′),75.7 (C-1″),76.1 (C-2″),71.5 (C-3″),26.7 (3″-CH3),25.1 (3″-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[7]報道的獨活屬醇(heraclenol)一致。
4 討論
本文報道的33個化合物中,8,10,17,21和30為首次從禹白芷中分離鑒定,除化合物3,16和27外,其余皆為香豆素類化合物。
前期,本課題組已完成了道地產(chǎn)區(qū)祁白芷[7]、川白芷[10]、杭白芷[18]等脂溶性化學成分的研究,通過與本文結(jié)果比較,不是在儀器分析上,而是從實體化合物分離鑒定上,科學地證明了四大藥用白芷脂溶性化學成分皆以線型吡喃香豆素為主要化合物類群。關(guān)于四大藥用白芷極性成分的比較,本課題組正在進行相關(guān)研究,將在后續(xù)詳細報道,為全面揭示白芷的藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、闡明“道地藥材”的成因提供科學依據(jù)。
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[責任編輯 丁廣治]