陳顯強(qiáng)+李紹平+趙靜
[摘要] 采用硅膠、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、HPLC等色譜技術(shù)手段,從赤芝水提物中分離得到1個新的靈芝三萜酸和18個已知類似物。利用理化性質(zhì)和波譜數(shù)據(jù),鑒定新化合物為2β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid (1)。通過與文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)比較,已知化合物分別鑒定為ganoderic acid H (2),12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3), ganoderenic acid D (4),ganoderic acid C1 (5),ganoderic acid G (6),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7),ganoderic acid B (8),ganoderic acid C6 (9),3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (10),ganoderic acid A (11),ganolucidic acid A (12),lucidenic acid E2 (13),lucidenic acid N (14),lucidenic acid P (15), lucidenic acid B (16),lucidenic acid A (17),lucidenic acid C (18),lucidenic acid L (19)。雖然化合物2~19在赤芝中已經(jīng)報道,但是化合物1是新化合物。因此,該研究進(jìn)一步豐富了赤芝的化學(xué)成分,尤其是填補(bǔ)了赤芝傳統(tǒng)水煎劑化學(xué)成分研究的空白。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 赤芝; 三萜酸; 靈芝屬; 化學(xué)成分
[Abstract] A new triterpenoid and 18 analogues were isolated from the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum by column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC. The new compound was elucidated as 2β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid on the basis of analyses of extensive spectroscopic data and its physicochemical properties. Comparison of NMR data with those reported in literature, the known analogues were determined as ganoderic acid H (2), 12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3), ganoderenic acid D (4),ganoderic acid C1 (5),ganoderic acid G (6),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7),ganoderic acid B (8),ganoderic acid C6 (9),3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (10),ganoderic acid A (11),ganolucidic acid A (12),lucidenic acid E2 (13),lucidenic acid N (14),lucidenic acid P (15), lucidenic acid B (16),lucidenic acid A (17),lucidenic acid C (18),and lucidenic acid L (19), respectively. Compound 1 is new compound and compounds 2-19 have been reported from G. lucidum. The present study enriches the knowledge of the chemical constituent of G. lucidum and completes chemical investigation of water decoction that is traditional use of G. lucidum.
[Key words] Ganoderma lucidum; triterpenoid acids; Ganoderma; chemical constituents
赤芝Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. exFr) Karst.系擔(dān)子菌綱多孔菌科靈芝屬大型真菌。赤芝是名貴滋補(bǔ)類中藥材,在我國有悠久的藥用歷史?!渡褶r(nóng)本草經(jīng)》記載其具有補(bǔ)中益氣、扶正固本、滋補(bǔ)強(qiáng)壯之功效?!侗静菥V目》亦將其列為上品。自從20世紀(jì)80年代靈芝酸A(ganoderic acid A)和靈芝酸B(ganoderic acid B)被報道以來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對靈芝的化學(xué)成分和生物活性進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究。三萜是靈芝的主要次生代謝成分也是靈芝重要生物活性物質(zhì)[1]。靈芝因為顯示廣泛的生物活性,如抗腫瘤[2]、保肝[3]、抗高血壓[4]、抑制高血糖[5],抗HIV-1蛋白酶[6]、抑制血小板聚集[7]、抑制NO釋放[8]、抗氧化[9]等活性,因此其相關(guān)的藥效物質(zhì)研究也倍受關(guān)注,三萜就是其中重要的一類。為了進(jìn)一步豐富靈芝三萜類成分研究及尋找活性分子,本課題組對赤芝水提物中的三萜成分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分研究,經(jīng)多種色譜技術(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定手段,從中分離和鑒定1個新的靈芝三萜(1)和18個已知類似物(2~19)。
1 材料
HACH DR6000型紫外-可見光譜儀;PerkinElmer 341型旋光儀;PerkinElmer 100 Series紅外光譜儀;Bruker AV-400型超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀;Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XLTM Hybrid Ion Trap-Orbitrap 質(zhì)譜儀;薄層色譜硅膠GF254及柱色譜硅膠(200~300或500~800目)為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn); 反相柱色譜硅膠 (35~70 μm)為Grace公司生產(chǎn);Sephadex LH-20葡萄糖凝膠為GE Healthcare Bio-Science AB公司生產(chǎn);所用試劑均為分析純或色譜純。
藥材在2013年12月購買于廣州清平藥材市場,由澳門大學(xué)李紹平教授鑒定為赤芝G. lucidum。藥材標(biāo)本(ICMS-QC-20120804)保存于澳門大學(xué)中華醫(yī)藥研究院。
2 提取分離
赤芝5.0 kg粉碎后用水回流提取3次,減壓濃縮得浸膏320 g。用飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液800 mL溶解浸膏,用氯仿萃取3次;取NaHCO3水溶液層,用HCl調(diào)節(jié)pH至3.0,氯仿萃取3次,回收溶劑,得到靈芝總?cè)扑峒s20 g。
靈芝總?cè)扑峤?jīng)反相硅膠柱色譜分離,以甲醇-水(30∶70~80∶20)梯度洗脫得到3個部分(Fr. A~Fr. C)。Fr. B部位經(jīng)過硅膠柱色譜分離,氯仿-甲醇(40∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫得到3個部份(Fr. B-1~Fr.B-3)。Fr. B-1部位經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶2~0∶1)梯度洗脫得到3個部份(Fr. B-1-1~Fr. B-1-3)。Fr. B-1-1經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠(甲醇)純化得到4個組分(Fr. B-1-1A~Fr. B-1-1D)。Fr. B-1-1A經(jīng)制備液相分離,乙腈-水(60∶40)作為流動相洗脫得到化合物2(215 mg)和3(55 mg)。Fr. B-1-1B經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠(丙酮)純化得到Fr. B-1-1B-1和Fr. B-1-1B-2 2個組分。Fr. B-1-1B-1經(jīng)制備液相(乙腈-水38∶62)純化得到化合物4(15.4 mg),5(90 mg),13(57 mg)。Fr. B-1-1B-2經(jīng)制備液相(乙腈-水40∶60)純化得到化合物1(53 mg),6(23 mg),7(32 mg),14(22.5 mg),15(20 mg)。Fr. B-1-1C經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠(丙酮)純化得到Fr. B-1-1C-1和Fr. B-1-1C-2 2個組分。Fr. B-1-1C-1經(jīng)制備液相(乙腈-水42∶58)分離得到化合物16(27 mg)和17(5.4 mg)。Fr. B-1-1C-2經(jīng)制備液相分離,乙腈-水34∶66等度洗脫得到化合物18(23.7 mg)。Fr. B-1-2經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠(甲醇)以及制備液相(乙腈-水35∶65)純化得到化合物8(150 mg),9(13 mg),19(6.4 mg)。Fr.B-2部位經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠(丙酮)純化得到4個組分(Fr.B-2-1~Fr.B-2-4)。Fr.B-2-1經(jīng)制備液相(乙腈-水32∶68)分離得到化合物10(7 mg)。Fr.B-2-2經(jīng)制備液相分離,乙腈-水35∶65等度洗脫得到化合物11(20 mg)。Fr.B-2-4經(jīng)制備液相(乙腈-水30∶70)純化得到化合物12(7 mg),結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。
3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1 為白色粉末,[α] +63.9°(c 0.147,MeOH)。由HR-ESI-MS m/z 573.307 1[M-H]-,計算值為573.306 9,給出分子式為C32H46O9,不飽和度為10。IR光譜顯示化合物1含有羥基(3 450 cm-1)、羰基(1 748 cm-1)和α,β-不飽和酮(1 695 cm-1)。UV280 nm紫外吸收也說明了α,β-不飽和酮的存在。1H-NMR譜顯示7個單峰甲基[δH 0.83(s),0.89 (s),1.03 (s),1.26 (s),1.33(s),1.73 (s),2.21 (s)]和1個雙峰甲基[δH 1.01 (d)]信號。13C-NMR譜結(jié)合HSQC譜顯示化合物1含有32個碳,包括8個甲基信號,7個亞甲基信號,5個次甲基信號(含有2個氧化次甲基信號δC 77.4(C-25)和79.3(C-12)),12個季碳,其中有3個酮羰基信號δC 194.0(C-11),198.9(C-7)和206.1(C-15),2個羧基信號δC 178.3(C-26)和170.1(C-OCO-),1個氧化sp3季碳信號δC 77.2(C-3)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)提示1是為1個乙?;难蛎尥樾腿扑?。與文獻(xiàn)[10]中20-hydroxylucidenic acid E2數(shù)據(jù)比較,多了1個雙峰甲基和2個亞甲基信號,由此推測1是1個側(cè)鏈沒有被降解的羊毛甾烷型三萜酸。通過HMBC和1H-1H COSY,見圖2,相關(guān)信號可以確定側(cè)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)。HMBC譜可以觀察到δH 1.01(H-21)與δC 45.4(C-17)、33.0(C-20)和29.8(C-22)有相關(guān)信號,δH 1.26 (H-27)與δC 77.2(C-25)、31.5(C-24)和178.3(C-26)的相關(guān)信號,δH 2.45(H-24a)和δH 2.31(H-24b)與178.3(C-26)有相關(guān)信號。結(jié)合1H-1H COSY譜圖所確定的H-21/H-20/H-22/H-23/H-24的結(jié)構(gòu),化合物1母核的4個環(huán)以及C-12乙?;ㄟ^HMBC和1H-1H COSY譜的相關(guān)信號確認(rèn),最終確定1的平面結(jié)構(gòu)。ROESY中δH 3.26(H-3)與δH 1.03(H-28)的相關(guān)信號,以及δH 5.63(H-12)與δH 1.73(H-30)的相關(guān)信號提示3-OH和12-OAc均為β構(gòu)型[11]?;衔?的結(jié)構(gòu)為12β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid。
化合物2 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.63(1H,s,H-12),3.27(1H,dd,J=10.6,5.5 Hz,H-3),2.24(3H,s,H-OAc),1.72(3H,s,H-30),1.33(3H,s,H-19),1.21(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.98(3H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-21),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.82(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:33.1(C-1),27.0(C-2),77.3(C-3),39.0(C-4),51.2(C-5),36.5(C-6),198.9(C-7),151.6(C-8),145.6(C-9),40.3(C-10),193.8(C-11),79.1(C-12),47.8(C-13),58.4(C-14),205.9(C-15),37.7(C-16),44.5(C-17),12.0(C-18),17.8(C-19),29.2(C-20),21.5(C-21),48.2(C-22),207.5(C-23),46.2(C-24),34.4(C-25),180.6(C-26),16.8(C-27),21.1(C-28),27.7(C-29),15.4(C-30),170.2(12-CO-OAc),20.7(12-Me-OAc)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物2為ganoderic acid H。
化合物3 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.61(1H,s,H-12),4.82(1H,dd,J=12.4,8.8 Hz,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.0 Hz,H-3),2.26(3H,s,H-OAc),1.49(3H,s,H-30),1.26(3H,s,H-19),1.21(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.97(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-21),0.96(3H,s,H-18),0.83(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),27.4(C-2),78.7(C-3),38.5(C-4),49.1(C-5),26.7(C-6),66.2(C-7),155.7(C-8),143.0(C-9),38.5(C-10),192.0(C-11),79.5(C-12),49.9(C-13),60.6(C-14),216.2(C-15),37.9(C-16),45.3(C-17),13.3(C-18),18.6(C-19),28.2(C-20),22.0(C-21),47.8(C-22),207.2(C-23),46.3(C-24),34.5(C-25),180.1(C-26),16.9(C-27),28.1(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.0(C-30),170.5(12-CO-OAc),20.9(12-Me-OAc)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物3為12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost -8,16-dien-26-oic acid (ganoderic acid K)。
化合物4 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:6.24(1H,s,H-22),4.92(1H,dd,J=9.2,8.0 Hz,H-7),2.14(3H,s,H-21),1.42(3H,s,H-30),1.21(3H,s,H-19),1.17(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.13(3H,s,H-29),1.09(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:36.7(C-1),30.7(C-2),219.5(C-3),47.8(C-4),49.6(C-5),29.1(C-6),67.1(C-7),159.8(C-8),142.3(C-9),39.3(C-10),199.5(C-11),50.2(C-12),59.5(C-13),47.1(C-14),217.0(C-15),39.0(C-16),50.8(C-17),19.6(C-18),18.6(C-19),155.4(C-20),21.1(C-21),126.0(C-22),200.9(C-23),48.4(C-24),35.1(C-25),179.9(C-26),17.6(C-27),21.1(C-28),27.5(C-29),25.5(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物4為ganoderenic acid D。
化合物5 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.85(1H,t,J=4.4 Hz,H-7),1.35(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-28),1.10(3H,s,H-29),1.03(3H,s,H-18),0.99(3H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.5(C-1),34.1(C-2),216.7(C-3),46.6(C-4),48.7(C-5),27.5(C-6),66.2(C-7),157.7(C-8),141.1(C-9),38.1(C-10),197.6(C-11),50.0(C-12),44.9(C-13),59.2(C-14),217.5(C-15),40.8(C-16),45.6(C-17),17.5(C-18),18.0(C-19),31.8(C-20),19.5(C-21),48.9(C-22),207.7(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.5(C-25),180.5(C-26),16.8(C-27),26.9(C-28),20.6(C-29),24.6(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物5為ganoderic acid C1。
化合物6 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.82(1H,dd,overlapped,H-7)4.43(1H,s,H-12),3.15(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.43(3H,s,H-30),1.28(3H,s,H-19),1.16(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),1.10(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),1.02(3H,s,H-28),0.84(3H,s,H-29),0.81(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.9(C-1),28.2(C-2),79.0(C-3),39.6(C-4),50.5(C-5),28.1(C-6),67.5(C-7),158.1(C-8),143.7(C-9),39.5(C-10),201.2(C-11),79.6(C-12),52.8(C-13),61.3(C-14),218.4(C-15),38.6(C-16),47.3(C-17),13.8(C-18),19.2(C-19),29.6(C-20),22.1(C-21),49.6(C-22),211.1(C-23),46.9(C-24),36.2(C-25),179.6(C-26),17.5(C-27),16.4(C-28),28.6(C-29),23.6(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物6為ganoderic acid G。
化合物7 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.73(1H,s,H-16),4.79(1H,dd,J=10.0,7.6 Hz,H-7),3.25(1H,t,J=6.4 Hz,H-3),1.47(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,overlapped,H-27),1.21(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),1.20(3H,s,H-18),1.05(3H,s,H-28),0.86(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.7(C-1),27.7(C-2),78.3(C-3),38.7(C-4),49.7(C-5),26.1(C-6),67.2(C-7),158.2(C-8),142.0(C-9),39.2(C-10),198.2(C-11),44.4(C-12),51.7(C-13),58.7(C-14),210.7(C-15),123.5(C-16),188.8(C-17),29.7(C-18),18.6(C-19),28.3(C-20),20.9(C-21),49.4(C-22),206.1(C-23),45.5(C-24),34.4(C-25),179.5(C-26),17.0(C-27),28.2(C-28),15.6(C-29),33.2(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物7為3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid。
化合物8 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.80(1H,t,J=9.2 Hz,H-7),3.21(1H,dd,J=10.8,5.6 Hz,H-3),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.23(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.22(3H,s,H-28),1.03(3H,s,H-29),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.99(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-21),0.85(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.8(C-1),26.6(C-2),78.4(C-3),26.6(C-4),49.2(C-5),27.7(C-6),66.9(C-7),156.9(C-8),142.8(C-9),38.6(C-10),197.9(C-11),50.3(C-12),45.3(C-13),59.4(C-14),218.5(C-15),40.9(C-16),45.6(C-17),17.4(C-18),18.5(C-19),32.0(C-20),19.6(C-21),49.0(C-22),207.6(C-23),46.6(C-24),34.4(C-25),179.9(C-26),16.9(C-27),28.2(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.4(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物8為ganoderic acid B。
化合物9 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.58(1H,s,H-12),3.21(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.4 Hz,H-3),1.66(3H,s,H-30),1.36(3H,s,H-29),1.15(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.09(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-27),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.88(3H,s,H-28),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),28.3(C-2),78.2(C-3),38.7(C-4),52.7(C-5),36.1(C-6),201.4(C-7),153.1(C-8),147.4(C-9),40.2(C-10),202.9(C-11),79.0(C-12),47.4(C-13),59.2(C-14),211.2(C-15),38.7(C-16),41.6(C-17),11.5(C-18),18.3(C-19),30.4(C-20),21.9(C-21),50.9(C-22),209.6(C-23),46.6(C-24),37.6(C-25),179.0(C-26),17.5(C-27),20.8(C-28),16.1(C-29),28.0(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物9為ganoderic acid C6。
化合物10 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.33(1H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-15),3.29(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.29(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.14(3H,s,H-30),1.03(3H,s,H-28),0.89(6H,s,H-18 and H-29),0.86(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.2(C-1),27.6(C-2),77.5(C-3),40.1(C-4),49.8(C-5),29.7(C-6),205.4(C-7),154.6(C-8),149.8(C-9),38.8(C-10),201.3(C-11),52.3(C-12),48.0(C-13),52.8(C-14),72.1(C-15),36.2(C-16),49.4(C-17),17.4(C-18),17.5(C-19),32.4(C-20),19.4(C-21),36.4(C-22),208.4(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.3(C-25),179.2(C-26),16.9(C-27),27.7(C-28),20.2(C-29),15.4(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物10為3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (ganoderic acid K)。
化合物11 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.78(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-15),4.62(1H,t,J=8.0 Hz,H-7),1.28(3H,s,H-30),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.12(3H,s,H-29),1.10(3H,s,H-28),0.97(3H,s,H-18),0.89(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.7(C-1),34.3(C-2),217.0(C-3),46.5(C-4),48.9(C-5),28.9(C-6),68.9(C-7),159.2(C-8),140.4(C-9),38.0(C-10),199.7(C-11),51.7(C-12),46.8(C-13),53.9(C-14),72.4(C-15),36.2(C-16),47.9(C-17),17.3(C-18),19.3(C-19),32.0(C-20),19.5(C-21),49.6(C-22),208.9(C-23),46.7(C-24),35.6(C-25),180.3(C-26),17.0(C-27),27.2(C-28),20.7(C-29),19.7(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物11為ganoderic acid A。
化合物12 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.40(1H,dd,J=8.6,5.6 Hz,H-15),1.22(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-27),1.18(3H,s,H-30),1.12(6H,s,H-19,28),1.08(3H,s,H-29),0.91(3H,s,H-18),0.86(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.0(C-1),34.2(C-2),218.3(C-3),46.9(C-4),51.5(C-5),16.6(C-6),29.6(C-7),163.7(C-8),138.5(C-9),37.1(C-10),198.4(C-11),51.7(C-12),46.7(C-13),53.5(C-14),72.8(C-15),38.4(C-16),48.5(C-17),17.2(C-18),19.0(C-19),32.5(C-20),19.3(C-21),49.4(C-22),208.5(C-23),46.5(C-24),34.6(C-25),180.8(C-26),16.9(C-27),27.7(C-28),20.5(C-29),18.8(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物12為ganolucidic acid A。
化合物13 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:5.68(1H,s,H-12),3.20(1H,dd,J=18.0,5.0 Hz,H-3),2.18(3H,s,H-OAc),1.73(3H,s,H-30),1.34(3H,s,H-19),1.01(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.82(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 34.4(C-1),28.0(C-2),78.1(C-3),41.8(C-4),52.7(C-5),37.6(C-6),195.6(C-7),153.2(C-8),147.2(C-9),40.2(C-10),201.2(C-11),80.8(C-12),48.6(C-13),59.8(C-14),208.9(C-15),38.2(C-16),46.5(C-17),12.6(C-18),18.3(C-19),33.9(C-20),20.6(C-21),31.2(C-22),32.7(C-23),178.4(C-24),28.3(C-28),16.1(C-29),21.6(C-30),171.7(12-CO-OAc),20.9(12-Me-OAc)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物13為lucidenic acid E2。
化合物14 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.80(1H,dd,overlapped,H-7),3.14(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.6 Hz,H-3),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.21(3H,s,H-19),1.02(3H,s,H-29),0.98(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-21),0.96(3H,s,H-28),0.83(3H,s,H-18); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:36.0(C-1),28.3(C-2),79.0(C-3),39.7(C-4),50.3(C-5),28.0(C-6),68.0(C-7),158.8(C-8),144.1(C-9),39.9(C-10),200.5(C-11),51.5(C-12),47.1(C-13),60.5(C-14),218.8(C-15),41.9(C-16),49.6(C-17),17.8(C-18),18.9(C-19),36.4(C-20),18.5(C-21),30.8(C-22),32.1(C-23),179.2(C-24),32.1(C-28),28.7(C-29),16.2(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[19]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物14為lucidenic acid N。
化合物15 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.61(1H,s,H-12),4.81(1H,t,J=4.4 Hz,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.0 Hz,H-3),2.21(3H,s,H-OAc),1.49(3H,s,H-30),1.26(3H,s,H-19),1.03(3H,s,H-28),0.99(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-21),0.98(3H,s,H-18),0.85(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:34.4(C-1),27.4(C-2),78.2(C-3),38.5(C-4),49.2(C-5),26.7(C-6),66.2(C-7),155.9(C-8),142.9(C-9),38.5(C-10),192.0(C-11),79.8(C-12),49.9(C-13),60.6(C-14),216.5(C-15),37.6(C-16),46.1(C-17),13.2(C-18),18.6(C-19),32.0(C-20),20.4(C-21),29.5(C-22),29.7(C-23),178.0(C-24),28.1(C-28),15.4(C-29),24.2(C-30),170.2(C-CO-OAc),20.9(C-Me-OAc)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[20]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物15為lucidenic acid P。
化合物16 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.83(1H,t,J=8.4 Hz,H-7),4.37(1H,s,H-12),1.45(3H,s,H-30),1.44(3H,s,H-19),1.15(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.13(3H,s,H-28),1.13(3H,s,H-29),0.83(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:35.2(C-1),34.2(C-2),215.7(C-3),47.0(C-4),49.5(C-5),27.8(C-6),65.8(C-7),158.3(C-8),140.5(C-9),37.9(C-10),199.7(C-11),78.3(C-12),51.7(C-13),60.2(C-14),217.1(C-15),37.7(C-16),46.6(C-17),12.1(C-18),18.3(C-19),31.6(C-20),21.5(C-21),29.3(C-22),31.7(C-23),178.2(C-24),26.3(C-28),21.2(C-29),23.3(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物16為lucidenic acid B。
化合物17 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.89(1H,dd,J=9.2,7.6 Hz,H-7),1.37(3H,s,H-30),1.22(3H,s,H-19),1.12(3H,s,H-28),1.09(3H,s,H-29),0.99(3H,s,H-18),0.99(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:32.0(C-1),35.2(C-2),219.6(C-3),47.8(C-4),48.6(C-5),29.0(C-6),67.3(C-7),160.0(C-8),142.4(C-9),39.3(C-10),200.2(C-11),51.4(C-12),46.3(C-13),60.4(C-14),218.8(C-15),42.0(C-16),47.2(C-17),18.2(C-18),18.7(C-19),36.4(C-20),18.4(C-21),32.0(C-22),36.7(C-23),178.1(C-24),21.1(C-28),27.5(C-29),25.2(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物17為lucidenic acid A。
化合物18 白色粉末;1H-NMR(acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:4.82(1H,t,J=8.8 Hz,H-7),4.51(1H,s,H-12),3.16(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.53(3H,s,H-30),1.29(3H,s,H-19),1.16(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.03(3H,s,H-18),0.86(3H,s,H-28),0.80(3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR(acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:35.1(C-1),23.2(C-2),78.0(C-3),38.6(C-4),49.7(C-5),27.8(C-6),66.8(C-7),158.8(C-8),142.4(C-9),39.3(C-10),200.9(C-11),78.9(C-12),52.6(C-13),61.0(C-14),218.1(C-15),39.0(C-16),47.2(C-17),12.3(C-18),19.2(C-19),32.5(C-20),20.7(C-21),30.7(C-22),32.1(C-23),174.8(C-24),28.5(C-28),16.0(C-29),12.3(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[21]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物18為lucidenic acid C。
化合物19 白色粉末;1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:4.83(1H,s,H-7),3.20(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.8 Hz,H-3),1.67(3H,s,H-30),1.36(3H,s,H-19),1.12(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-29),0.66(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:33.8(C-1),28.3(C-2),78.1(C-3),41.6(C-4),47.1(C-5),34.4(C-6),203.0(C-7),153.0(C-8),147.4(C-9),40.2(C-10),20.4(C-11),79.1(C-12),52.8(C-13),59.2(C-14),210.0(C-15),38.5(C-16),50.9(C-17),16.1(C-18),18.3(C-19),37.6(C-20),20.6(C-21),31.5(C-22),33.0(C-23),178.6(C-24),28.0(C-28),11.5(C-29),20.9(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[22]數(shù)據(jù)對比,鑒定化合物19為lucidenic acid L。
4 結(jié)論與討論
三萜是靈芝重要的活性成份,尤其是20世紀(jì)80年代靈芝酸A和B被報道后,其受到廣泛的關(guān)注。靈芝多種生物功能與靈芝三萜有關(guān),靈芝三萜的含量甚至作為判斷靈芝真?zhèn)魏挽`芝質(zhì)量的依據(jù)[23]。靈芝作為傳統(tǒng)藥物發(fā)揮臨床療效是以水煎劑的形式服用,但是靈芝水提物中的三萜成分很少被報道。為了解靈芝水提物中的三萜成分組成,建全含有靈芝藥物制劑的質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)奠定基礎(chǔ),課題組對靈芝三萜化學(xué)成分全面系統(tǒng)的研究。本研究系統(tǒng)的探索了靈芝三萜酸的化學(xué)成分組成,得到1個新的化合物和18個已知化合物。與其他常見靈芝三萜酸相比較,化合物在C-23位沒有酮基,但在C-25位含有羥基,這種基團(tuán)取代的三萜化合物在靈芝中很少報道,類似的片段僅見于少量的靈芝醇化合物中。此外,本研究為進(jìn)一步生物活性研究以及含有靈芝的藥物制劑制定質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Baby S,Johnson A J,Govindan B. Secondary metabolites from Ganoderma[J]. Phytochemistry,2015,114: 66.
[2] Wu G S,Guo J J,Bao J L,et al. Anti-cancer properties of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum——a review[J]. Expert Opin Invest Drugs,2013,22 (8): 981.
[3] Liu L Y,Chen H,Liu C,et al. Triterpenoids of Ganoderma theaecolum and their hepatoprotective activities[J]. Fitoterapia,2014,98: 254.
[4] Hai-Bang T,Shimizu K. Structure-activity relationship and inhibition pattern of reishi-derived (Ganoderma lingzhi) triterpenoids against angiotensin-converting enzyme[J]. Phytochem Lett,2015,12: 243.
[5] Fatmawati S,Kondo R,Shimizu K. Structure-activity relationships of lanostane-type triterpenoids from Ganoderma lingzhi as α-glucosidase inhibitors[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2013,23 (21): 5900.
[6] El M S,Meselhy M R,Nakamura N,et al. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Phytochemistry,1998,49 (6): 1651.
[7] Su C,Shiao M,Wang C. Potentiation of ganodermic acid S on prostaglandin E(1)-induced cyclic AMP elevation in human platelets[J]. Thromb Res,2000,99 (2): 135.
[8] Jiao Y,Xie T,Zou L H,et al. Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma curtisii and their NO production inhibitory activities of LPS-induced microglia[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2016,52 (4): 3556.
[9] Qiu J,Wang X,Song C. Neuroprotective and antioxidant lanostanoid triterpenes from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma atrum[J]. Fitoterapia,2016,109: 75.
[10] Akihisa T,Tagata M,Ukiya M,et al. Oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum[J]. J Nat Prod,2005,68 (4): 559.
[11] Lee I,Ahn B,Choi J,et al. Selective cholinesterase inhibition by lanostane triterpenes from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2011,21 (21): 6603.
[12] Kikuchi T,Kanomi S,Murai Y,et al. Constituents of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (FR) KARST .2. Stuctures of ganoderic acids F, G, and H, Lucidenic acid D2 and E2, and related compounds[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1986,34 (10): 4018.
[13] Morigiwa A,Kitabatake K,F(xiàn)ujimoto Y,et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1986,34 (6): 3025.
[14] Komoda Y,Nakamura H,Ishihara S,et al. Structures of new terpenoid constituents of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Polyporaceae)[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1985,33 (11): 4829.
[15] Guan S H,Yang M,Wang X M,et al. Spectral assignments and reference data structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of three new lanostanoid triterpenes with unprecedented Δ16,17 double bond from Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Magn Reson Chem,2007,45 (9): 789.
[16] Kubota T,Asaka Y,Miura I,et al. Structures of ganoderic acid A and B, two new lanostane type bitter triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst[J]. Helv Chim Acta,1982,65 (2): 611.
[17] Kikuchi T,Kanomi S,Kadota S,et al. Constituents of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. I.Structures of ganoderic acids C2, E, I, and K, lucidenic acid F and related compounds[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1986,34 (9): 3695.
[18] Kikuchi T,Kanomi S,Murai Y,et al. Constituents of the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Ⅲ. Structures of ganolucidic acids A and B, new lanostane-type triterpenoids[J]. Chem Pharm Bull,1986,34 (10): 4030.
[19] Wu T S,Shi L S,Kuo S C. Cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes[J]. J Nat Prod,2001,64 (8): 1121.
[20] Iwatsuki K,Akihisa T,Tokuda H,et al. Lucidenic acids P and Q, methyl lucidenate P, and other triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation[J]. J Nat Prod,2003,66 (12): 1582.
[21] Nishitoba T,Sato H,Kasai T,et al. New bitter C27 and C30 terpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi)[J]. Agric Biol Chem,1985,49 (6): 1793.
[22] Nishitoba T,Sato H,Sakamura S. Triterpenoids from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Phytochemistry,1987,26 (6): 1777.
[23] 中國藥典.一部[S].2015.
[責(zé)任編輯 丁廣治]