陳帥奇,朱峰,吳春磊,張新君,劉沛,余沁楠,張會(huì)清
(新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 1.泌尿外一科;2.泌尿外二科,河南 衛(wèi)輝 453100)
直出綠激光汽化切除術(shù)與選擇性綠激光汽化術(shù)治療良性前列腺增生的療效分析*
陳帥奇1,朱峰1,吳春磊2,張新君1,劉沛2,余沁楠1,張會(huì)清1
(新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 1.泌尿外一科;2.泌尿外二科,河南 衛(wèi)輝 453100)
目的 總結(jié)分析直出綠激光前列腺汽化切除術(shù)(PVRP)與選擇性綠激光前列腺汽化術(shù)(PVP)在治療良性前列腺增生癥(BPH)方面的安全性和臨床療效。方法 將113例BPH患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,PVRP組62例,PVP組51例。比較兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后持續(xù)膀胱沖洗時(shí)間、導(dǎo)尿管留置時(shí)間;觀察兩組手術(shù)前、后生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(QOL)、國際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、殘余尿量(PVR)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 所有患者手術(shù)均成功,無嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。PVRP手術(shù)時(shí)間(49.4±18.9)min明顯少于PVP組(75.1±20.7)min(P <0.05);兩組間術(shù)中出血量、膀胱沖洗時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。兩組術(shù)后6個(gè)月Qmax、PVR、IPSS、QOL均明顯改善,與術(shù)前比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。兩組間比較,上述指標(biāo)間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。結(jié)論 直出光PVRP及PVP治療BPH安全、有效,PVRP在手術(shù)時(shí)間上較PVP更有優(yōu)勢。
前列腺增生;綠激光前列腺汽化切除術(shù);綠激光前列腺選擇汽化術(shù)
良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是老年男性常見泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病,其發(fā)病率隨年齡增長而不斷增加,嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量[1]。對于藥物治療無效且反復(fù)發(fā)生尿潴留、血尿、下尿路感染甚至上尿路積水的BPH患者,手術(shù)治療是最有效的治療手段。前列腺電切術(shù)是治療BPH的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但其存在出血多、包膜穿孔和電切綜合征發(fā)生率高等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2-3]。近年來隨著綠激光手術(shù)系統(tǒng)的臨床應(yīng)用,為BPH患者提供了更為理想的手術(shù)方式。傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)尿道綠激光前列腺汽化術(shù)采用側(cè)出光對組織進(jìn)行“刷漆式”汽化,汽化效率較低,手術(shù)時(shí)間長,無法獲取病理標(biāo)本[4]。本院2014年6月-2016年7月采用直出光綠激光汽化切除術(shù)(photoselective vaporesection of the prostate,PVRP)治療BPH患者,隨訪療效滿意,將該手術(shù)方式與選擇性綠激光前列腺汽化術(shù)(photoselective vaporization of the prostate,PVP)進(jìn)行了臨床對照研究。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2014年6月-2016年7月在本院接受前列腺綠激光手術(shù)患者,根據(jù)其手術(shù)方式將其分為PVRP組(62例)及PVP組(51例),兩組一般情況見表1,組間年齡、前列腺體積、生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分(quality of life,QOL)、國際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)、 殘余尿量(postvoidresidual urine,PVR)和最大尿流率(maximum urinary flow rate,Qmax)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05),具有可比性。術(shù)前均常規(guī)行泌尿系彩超檢查,行直腸指診、經(jīng)直腸前列腺彩超、前列腺特異抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)檢查排除前列腺癌,行尿流動(dòng)力學(xué)檢查除外神經(jīng)源性膀胱。同時(shí)治療內(nèi)科合并癥,以達(dá)到圍手術(shù)期的要求。前列腺體積按公式0.52×(上下徑×前后徑×左右徑)ml計(jì)算。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較 (±s)Table 1 Comparison of the general data in two patients (±s)
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較 (±s)Table 1 Comparison of the general data in two patients (±s)
組別 年齡/歲 前列腺體積/ml IPSS評(píng)分/分 QOL評(píng)分/分 Qmax/(ml/s) PVR/ml PVRP組(n =62) 74.1±5.8 77.2±13.4 24.7±3.1 5.3±0.6 7.3±2.6 117.9±50.1 PVP組(n =51) 73.6±5.1 78.9±12.6 25.3±2.7 5.1±0.5 7.4±2.2 113.8±48.7 t值 0.49 0.69 1.11 1.90 0.22 0.44 P值 0.613 0.524 0.187 0.061 0.815 0.653
1.2 手術(shù)器械
綠激光設(shè)備應(yīng)用北京瑞爾通激光科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的非接觸式綠激光治療系統(tǒng),額定輸出汽化功率140 W,電凝功率40 W,采用配套使用德國WOLF公司生產(chǎn)的循環(huán)式前列腺電切鏡及綠激光專用操作手件;光纖使用北京瑞爾通激光科技有限公司直徑為0.6 mm激光光纖;PVRP組改良側(cè)出光為直出光。
1.3 手術(shù)方法
在硬膜外麻醉或全麻下,在生理鹽水連續(xù)沖洗下,經(jīng)尿道直視入鏡,檢查尿道外括約肌、前列腺形狀、精阜、膀胱頸以及雙側(cè)輸尿管口、膀胱內(nèi)情況。
1.3.1 PVRP組 采用三溝逆切法PVRP,操作過程如下:①以前列腺頸部及精阜為標(biāo)志,先從膀胱頸5、7點(diǎn)位置至精阜兩側(cè)各縱行切一條溝槽,深達(dá)包膜,將5、7點(diǎn)兩側(cè)溝在精阜近端切一橫形溝槽將兩縱形溝槽連接。先自精阜近端逆行汽化切除前列腺中葉,深度達(dá)前列腺外科包膜,將中葉汽化、分割成小塊組織并推入膀胱;②從膀胱頸12點(diǎn)位置至精阜縱行切一條溝槽,深達(dá)被膜;沿精阜右側(cè)逆行汽化切割、剝離右側(cè)葉,沿順時(shí)針方向逆行由12點(diǎn)處由遠(yuǎn)及近汽化切割右側(cè)葉。在汽化切割時(shí)不斷尋找外科包膜平面,同時(shí)不斷汽化、分割被剝脫的前列腺右側(cè)葉組織并推入膀胱。如上法處理前列腺左側(cè)葉;③沿前列腺包膜汽化修整創(chuàng)面并止血。用ELLIK沖洗器吸出病理組織并送病檢。留置20 F三腔導(dǎo)尿管,持續(xù)膀胱沖洗,術(shù)畢。
1.3.2 PVP 組 采用傳統(tǒng)側(cè)出光PVP術(shù),操作過程如下:術(shù)中持續(xù)低壓沖洗,經(jīng)操作通道置入光纖,伸出鏡鞘約1.5 cm,根據(jù)光纖頭部的紅色瞄準(zhǔn)光點(diǎn)定位操作,以膀胱頸及精阜為標(biāo)志,緩慢旋轉(zhuǎn)光纖汽化前列腺組織,先由中葉汽化至精阜,深至前列腺外科包膜,然后均勻汽化兩側(cè)葉及頂葉,直至看到環(huán)形肌纖維,留置20 F三腔導(dǎo)尿管,持續(xù)膀胱沖洗,術(shù)畢。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
出血量測定采用血紅蛋白比值法,根據(jù)公式計(jì)算術(shù)中出血量:出血量V(ml)=1000×ρ1×v1/ρ(ρ1=沖洗中血紅蛋白濃度;v1=沖洗液量;ρ=術(shù)前血紅蛋白濃度)。記錄患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后膀胱沖洗時(shí)間、留置導(dǎo)尿管時(shí)間。術(shù)后6個(gè)月復(fù)診,評(píng)估QOL、IPSS、PVR和Qmax的變化情況,記錄術(shù)后出血、尿道狹窄和尿失禁等術(shù)后并發(fā)癥。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P <0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組手術(shù)過程均順利,術(shù)中無明顯并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,兩組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后膀胱持續(xù)沖洗時(shí)間和導(dǎo)尿管留置時(shí)間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。PVRP手術(shù)時(shí)間(49.4±18.9)min明顯少于PVP組(75.1± 20.7)min,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05),見表2。術(shù)后PVRP組出現(xiàn)繼發(fā)性出血1例,經(jīng)保守治療后出血停止;兩組均無輸血、電切綜合征、穿孔、尿道狹窄和尿失禁等并發(fā)癥。術(shù)后6個(gè)月所有患者門診隨訪,兩組QOL、IPSS、PVR和Qmax均較術(shù)前有明顯改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05),組間上述指標(biāo)比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。見表3。
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of the surgical indicators between the two groups (±s)
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)指標(biāo)比較 (±s)Table 2 Comparison of the surgical indicators between the two groups (±s)
組別 手術(shù)時(shí)間/min 術(shù)中出血量/ml 膀胱持續(xù)沖洗時(shí)間/h 留置尿管時(shí)間/d PVRP組(n =62) 49.4±18.9 53.7±16.3 17.3±16.3 5.1±1.4 PVP組(n =51) 75.1±20.7 48.1±15.1 17.1±15.8 4.9±1.7 t值 6.91 1.89 0.07 0.71 P值 0.001 0.073 0.981 0.487
表3 兩組患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月隨訪結(jié)果比較 (±s)Table 3 Comparison of the followed-up results in postoperation 6 months between the two groups (±s)
表3 兩組患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月隨訪結(jié)果比較 (±s)Table 3 Comparison of the followed-up results in postoperation 6 months between the two groups (±s)
組別 IPSS評(píng)分/分 QOL評(píng)分/分 Qmax/(ml/s) PVR/ml PVRP組(n =62) 5.7±0.4 1.3±0.5 24.6±5.1 20.1±5.3 PVP組(n =51) 5.3±0.6 1.4±0.3 23.7±4.6 20.9±5.7 t值 1.72 1.68 1.73 1.67 P值 0.054 0.065 0.071 0.053
綠激光是將波長為1 064 nm的氖氬激光穿過倍頻晶體(磷酸氧鈦鉀、三硼酸鋰等)使原激光的頻率加倍,波長減半所得的波長為532 nm的肉眼可見激光,其特點(diǎn)是激光能量可以幾乎無衰減地通過沖洗液而選擇性地被富含血紅蛋白的組織吸收,產(chǎn)生足以使組織汽化的熱效應(yīng),故可高效率地汽化前列腺腺體組織并同時(shí)迅速封閉腺體組織內(nèi)的小血管,同時(shí)形成1或2 mm的凝固帶,減少創(chuàng)面出血[5]。當(dāng)激光作用于前列腺包膜或腺體內(nèi)纖維組織豐富處,由于血紅蛋白含量低,氣化效率顯著下降,具有特殊的“包膜識(shí)別”功能,降低了前列腺穿孔的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[6]。手術(shù)使用生理鹽水作為沖洗液,避免低鈉血癥發(fā)生,避免電切綜合征[5]。綠激光手術(shù)避免了經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(trans urethral resection prostate,TURP)時(shí)的電流回路,對合并心血管疾?。ㄈ玳L期口服抗凝藥物、安裝心臟起搏器等患者)患者無需停用抗凝藥物同樣可進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療。因此,對于高齡高危BPH患者,綠激光具有很大優(yōu)勢[7-9]。本研究兩組共納入113例患者,術(shù)后僅PVRP組有1例患者術(shù)后出血,經(jīng)保守治療后出血停止,無輸血、電切綜合征、穿孔、尿道狹窄和尿失禁等并發(fā)癥,再次證實(shí)了綠激光手術(shù)的安全性。
傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)尿道綠激光前列腺汽化術(shù)采用側(cè)出光對組織進(jìn)行“刷漆式”汽化或“掃描式”汽化。本中心采用的“三溝逆切法”直出綠激光前列腺汽化切除術(shù),將綠激光的汽化與切割功能相結(jié)合,分葉切除增生前列腺組織。本研究顯示,兩組患者術(shù)前一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,PVP組術(shù)中出血量要少于PVRP組,但差異不明顯;PVP組手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯大于PVRP組,差異明顯;兩組膀胱沖洗時(shí)間、留置尿管時(shí)間無明顯差異。筆者分析,PVP具有更好的止血效果,但“刷漆式”汽化的手術(shù)方式產(chǎn)生的凝固層、激光在凝固層的散射效應(yīng),以及側(cè)出光在能量傳導(dǎo)過程中的損耗等原因,導(dǎo)致其在相同功率下與直出綠激光前列腺汽化切除術(shù)相比清除組織率較低,手術(shù)時(shí)間相對延長,出血量增加[4,10]。同時(shí)以汽化為主的手術(shù)方式不能留取病理組織[11]。PVRP采用綠激光切割為主、汽化與切割功能相結(jié)合的手術(shù)方式,將前列腺組織分葉切除、分割并用ELLIK吸出病理組織,不僅加快了組織清除速度而且可留取病理組織;直束激光能量不需經(jīng)過光纖側(cè)出光裝置折射,激光直接照射增生前列腺組織,減少了能量損耗,加快了汽化切割效率,進(jìn)一步縮短了手術(shù)時(shí)間[12]。同時(shí)直束光下直視中操作視野更清晰,直束激光可以接插入組織進(jìn)行消融切割,可清楚地觀察和判斷操作界面深度,可有效防止尿道括約肌損傷及前列腺穿孔。兩組患者膀胱沖洗時(shí)間及留置尿管時(shí)間短,組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明了綠激光良好的止血功能。術(shù)后兩組QOL、IPSS、PVR和Qmax均較術(shù)前有明顯改善,癥狀得到顯著緩解,組間上述指標(biāo)比較差異不明顯,提示PVP與PVRP手術(shù)效果相當(dāng)。
KIM等[13]采用120 W綠激光系統(tǒng)對126例患者分別采用綠激光汽化術(shù)及綠激光汽化切除術(shù)治療BPH并術(shù)后隨訪1年,對比兩組相關(guān)臨床數(shù)據(jù),后者在手術(shù)時(shí)間(74.1 vs 61.9 min、46.7 vs 37.8 min;P =0.020、P =0.013)及儲(chǔ)尿期癥狀方面優(yōu)勢明顯,同樣證實(shí)了PVRP在手術(shù)時(shí)間方面上的優(yōu)越性。
綠激光應(yīng)用于前列腺手術(shù)已經(jīng)顯示出其卓越的優(yōu)勢,已被歐洲泌尿外科學(xué)會(huì)(European Association of Urology,EAU)及美國泌尿外科學(xué)會(huì)(American Urological Association,AUA)推薦作為代替TURP用于治療BPH[14-15]。本研究表明,PVP及PVRP作為綠激光的兩種不同手術(shù)方式,具有良好的安全性及手術(shù)效果,但PVRP在手術(shù)時(shí)間方面明顯優(yōu)于PVP,并且可留取病理組織。因此,筆者這認(rèn)為PVRP為治療BPH提供了一種更為理想的全新手術(shù)方式。
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(曾文軍 編輯)
Safety and eff cacy of straight light beam greenlight PVRP and PVP in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia*
Shuai-qi Chen1, Feng Zhu1, Chun-lei Wu2, Xin-jun Zhang1, Pei Liu2, Qin-nan Yu1, Hui-qing Zhang1
(1.The First Department of Urinary Surgery; 2. The Second Department of Urinary Surgery, the First Hospital affi liated to Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, China)
Objective To discuss the safety and efficacy of straight light beam greenlight photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods 113 cases of BPH were randomly divided into two groups, 62 cases in PVRP group and 51cases in PVP group. Clinical data was collected and compared between the two groups, including pre-operation and six month after operation international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), urine fl ow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine (PVR), as well as operational time, operative bleeding volume, bladder irrigation time, indwelling catheter time after operation and complications after operation. Results All the patients were operated successfully without serious complications. There was signifi cant difference in operative time [(49.4 ± 18.9) min vs (75.1 ± 20.7) min (P < 0.05)] between the two groups. There were no signifi cant difference in blood loss and bladder washing time after operation. The Qmaxafter 6 months of surgery, PVR, IPSS, QOL of the two groups had signifi cantly improved compared with preoperative (P < 0.05), while the difference between the two groups had no signifi cance in statistics (P > 0.05). Conclusions Treatment of straight light beam greenlightPVRP and PVP are safe and effective for BPH. Straight light beam greenlight PVRP has the advantages of shorter operation time.
benign prostatic hyperplasia; photoselective vaporesection of the prostate; photoselective vaporization of the prostate
R697.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.05.008
1007-1989(2017)05-0034-05
2016-09-18
新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院博士科研基金(No:xyyfy2014BS-003)
張會(huì)清,E-mail:hqzhangxxmc@sina.com;Tel:13938746808