盧宇
【摘要】2016年湖南省英語高考重新啟用全國卷,其中閱讀理解部分的第二節(jié)為“七選五”型閱讀理解題,此題型的命題目的是主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握,要求考生選擇的答案能夠使行文連貫,符合英文的語法以及表達習慣。對我省的考生來說,該題型是新題型。筆者根據自身指導高三學生對這一新的題型進行備考的實戰(zhàn)經驗,就2012年的高考真題進行實例分析,試圖歸納出一種新的答題技巧——TCL:Topic, Coherence, Logic,旨在幫助學生正確答題,挑戰(zhàn)滿分。
【關鍵詞】TCL 閱讀 解題新技巧
一、TCL解題策略實例分析
T即Topic,指的是我們在解答閱讀七選五時要以最快的速度抓住文章的主題,了解文章的大意,主題線索重在關注大、小標題和第一段首尾句。C即Coherence,選項要符合文章的內容和結構上的銜接一致性,答題時,我們要重點閱讀選項的上、下句,因為正確的選項必定與上、下句語義銜接。L即 Logic,指的是做此類題是應該注重句間邏輯關系,正確的選項一定會使全文邏輯通順。下面我們將以2012年高考真題為實例就具體的實例來詮釋這一解題策略:
1.略讀文章,抓主題(Topic)
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship,improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. 71.________________
A. Be cheerful.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
本篇閱讀七選五的第71小題設空位置在首段的結尾,我們在解答此題時,首先應該快速瀏覽本段內容,總結大意,并預測之后的文章內容。本段首句是本段的主題大意句,意為“友誼對人類來說是很重要的,我們每個人都離不開好朋友。”其次,此題設在段末,所以要選的是“結論句”,我們知道一般結論句可以表達關于主題的最后想法,或過渡。因此,從答題技巧上來說,要注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、過渡等信號詞,而選項E中的“Below” 就是典型的信號詞。結合大意和信號詞的提示,我們很快可以鎖定71題答案為選項E。
2.閱讀上下句,保持語義銜接(Coherence)
● Associate with others
The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides,you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
● Start a conversation
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 72.__________________ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
A. Be cheerful.
B. Do things together.
C. Do not wait to be spoken to.
D. Try not to find fault with your friends.
E. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
該篇閱讀七選五的第72小題設空位置在段中,旨在考查學生對文章句際結構銜接一致性的把握程度。我們在解答此題時,要多看上下句,注意語義復現。下句:“You can always start the conversation”與選項C中的 “Do not wait to be spoken to.”就屬于近義復現,所以我們可以確定72題的答案為C。
作者或說話人在談論某個話題或主題時,與主題相關的詞語必定會以原詞、同義詞或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復出現,這種現象叫語義復現。同一個詞的重復出現叫原詞復現;以同義詞的形式重復出現,叫同義復現;以近義詞或近義表達(意思相近,表達方式不同)的形式重復出現,叫近義復現;以詞義相同而詞性不同的同根詞的形式重復出現,叫同根復現。還有上義詞與下義詞的復現(如adult是teacher,parent的上義詞,而teacher,parent就是adult的下義詞)。語義復現是語篇銜接的一個重要手段,而七選五正是考查語篇銜接,因此,利用語義復現解七選五十分管用。在近五年的8套全國新課標卷共40道題中有13道題利用這一招可直接選出答案,利用這一招可將選項縮小到2個選項的還有5道,也就是說,平均起來,幾乎有一半的題僅用這一招就可解決。
二、結論
通過以上實例分析,我們不難發(fā)現:雖然閱讀七選五題型對我們來說是新題型,但是只要我們平時擴大詞匯,加大閱讀量,在抓住文章主題的前提下,注意句際間銜接的緊密性和上下文邏輯的一致性,因題制宜的靈活運用好TCL這一解題技巧,本題滿分目標完成是能夠實現的。