黃旭,張浪,郝吉,程卓,馮天輝,舒廣文
(中南民族大學(xué)藥學(xué)院化學(xué)生物學(xué)系,湖北武漢430074)
石見穿多糖對(duì)脂多糖和D-氨基半乳糖胺聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)小鼠急性肝衰竭的保護(hù)作用
黃旭,張浪,郝吉,程卓,馮天輝,舒廣文
(中南民族大學(xué)藥學(xué)院化學(xué)生物學(xué)系,湖北武漢430074)
目的研究石見穿多糖(PSSC)對(duì)脂多糖(LPS)/D-氨基半乳糖胺(GaIN)誘導(dǎo)小鼠急性肝衰竭(ALF)的保護(hù)作用及可能機(jī)制。方法將昆明小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常組、模型組、PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1給藥組。給藥組每日1次,連續(xù)給藥1周。給藥結(jié)束后,除正常組外,其余各組ip給予LPS 10μg·kg-1和GalN 700 mg·kg-1,制備小鼠ALF模型。HE染色法檢測(cè)肝組織病理變化;用試劑盒法檢測(cè)血清谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(GOT)和谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(GPT)及肝過氧化氫酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平;DCFH-DA熒光探針法檢測(cè)肝組織活性氧(ROS)的相對(duì)含量;ELISA法測(cè)定血清及肝組織中腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-6的含量;胱天蛋白酶3活性測(cè)試試劑盒檢測(cè)小鼠肝組織勻漿中胱天蛋白酶3的活性。結(jié)果與正常對(duì)照組相比,模型組小鼠肝細(xì)胞排列雜亂,胞質(zhì)皺縮,細(xì)胞邊界模糊,可見較大量的炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和明顯的肝組織內(nèi)出血,病理評(píng)分明顯升高(P<0.01);MDA和ROS含量分別升高至正常對(duì)照組的2.2倍和4.3倍(P<0.01),GSH含量下降至51%(P<0.01),抗氧化酶SOD,CAT和GSH-Px的活性分別降低至74%,36%和42%(P<0.01),TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6的水平有明顯提高(P<0.01),胱天蛋白酶3活性升高至正常對(duì)照組的5.3倍(P<0.01)。與模型組相比,PSSC組小鼠存活比例明顯升高(P<0.01);小鼠肝組織病理評(píng)分降低(P<0.01);MDA和ROS含量升高(P<0.01),GSH含量下降(P<0.01);TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6的含量降低(P<0.01);胱天蛋白酶3活性降低(P<0.01)。結(jié)論P(yáng)SSC對(duì)LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的小鼠ALF具有良好的緩解作用,該作用可能與降低肝氧化應(yīng)激、抑制肝炎癥反應(yīng)和細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)。
多糖,石見穿;急性肝衰竭;脂多糖;氨基半乳糖
急性肝衰竭(acute liverfailure,ALF)是一種由短時(shí)間內(nèi)肝細(xì)胞大量死亡而導(dǎo)致的一種嚴(yán)重臨床綜合征,死亡率極高。目前臨床上特異性地針對(duì)ALF的有效治療手段仍然十分缺乏[1]。石見穿(Salvia chinensis Benth.)是唇形科植物華鼠尾草的干燥地上部分,主產(chǎn)于蘇、皖、贛、湘、鄂、粵和桂等省區(qū)。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為,石見穿活血化瘀、清熱利濕和散結(jié)消腫,可用于治療濕熱黃疸、熱毒血痢、風(fēng)濕骨痛、帶狀皰疹、麻風(fēng)和跌打傷腫等病癥[2-3]。臨床上常將該藥材用于炎癥及腫瘤相關(guān)疾病的治療。多糖是石見穿藥材的主要化學(xué)成分之一。植物來源的多糖具有廣泛的生物學(xué)活性[4-6]。石見穿多糖(polysaccharides from S.chinensis,PSSC)具有顯著的免疫調(diào)節(jié)活性[7-8]。免疫細(xì)胞和免疫因子在ALF發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中扮演了重要角色。然而,目前關(guān)于PSSC對(duì)ALF藥效作用的理論研究尚不完善。脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和D-氨基半乳糖胺(D-galactosamine,GalN)聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)小鼠ALF是實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用的ALF動(dòng)物模型。本研究用該模型評(píng)價(jià)了PSSC對(duì)ALF的緩解作用,并對(duì)可能的機(jī)制進(jìn)行了初步探索。
1.1 動(dòng)物、藥物、試劑和儀器
昆明種雄性小鼠,8周齡,購自湖北省疾病預(yù)防控制中心,SPF級(jí)動(dòng)物許可證書編號(hào):SCXK(鄂)2015-0018。實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠飼養(yǎng)于中南民族大學(xué)藥學(xué)院的無特定病原體屏障系統(tǒng)內(nèi)。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物房環(huán)境設(shè)施許可證號(hào):SYXK(鄂)2016-0089。本研究所有涉及實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作均經(jīng)過中南民族大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)審批。小鼠飼養(yǎng)1周適應(yīng)環(huán)境后開始實(shí)驗(yàn)。
PSSC的制備參考文獻(xiàn)[9]。將石見穿藥材磨成粉末,石油醚萃取去除脂質(zhì),過濾干燥,按1∶10比例加入雙蒸水,于90°C回流提取2.5 h,提取4次,合并提取液濃縮到500 mL。再按1∶4的比例加入95%乙醇,靜置過夜,抽濾得粗多糖。將粗多糖溶于適量雙蒸水,用Sevage試劑抽提4次以除去蛋白,而后再次乙醇沉淀。用丙酮洗滌沉淀,揮干丙酮后即得PSSC。
LPS、GalN和活性氧(reactive oxygen spe?cies,ROS)熒光探針DCFH-DA(美國(guó)Sigma公司)。谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(glutamic-oxalacetic transami?nase,GOT)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic trans?aminase,GPT)、過氧化氫酶(catalase,CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)(上海源葉生物科技公司)。丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)含量測(cè)定試劑盒(蘇州科銘生物技術(shù)有限公司)。腫瘤壞死因子α(tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和IL-6含量測(cè)定試劑盒(南京建成生物技術(shù)研究所)。胱天蛋白酶3活性檢測(cè)試劑盒(碧云天生物技術(shù)公司)。
5810R高速冷凍離心機(jī)(德國(guó)Eppendorf公司);L-550臺(tái)式低速離心機(jī)(湖南湘潭離心機(jī)有限公司)。354多功能酶標(biāo)儀(美國(guó)Thermo公司);cp114電子天平(美國(guó)奧豪斯儀器有限公司)。ZH-2自動(dòng)渦旋混合器(天津藥典標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器廠)。970CRT型熒光分光光度計(jì)(上海三科儀器有限公司)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及處理[10]
40只小鼠隨機(jī)分為4組,每組10只,分別為正常組、模型組、PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1給藥組。給藥組分別ig給予PSSC 30或100 mg·kg-1,其余各組ig給予等體積生理鹽水,每天1次,連續(xù)1周。最后一次給藥結(jié)束2 h后,模型組和給藥組ip給予LPS 10μg·kg-1和GalN 700 mg·kg-1制備ALF模型,正常組ip給予等體積生理鹽水。
1.3 小鼠存活情況觀察及肝指數(shù)
觀察各組小鼠24 h內(nèi)存活情況,每3 h記錄1次。在小鼠瀕死時(shí)(存活小鼠則在造模24 h后)麻醉處死,解剖摘取肝,稱重,計(jì)算肝指數(shù)。肝指數(shù)=肝質(zhì)量(g)/體質(zhì)量(g)×100。將部分肝組織置于10%中性甲醛中固定,用于組織病理檢測(cè),其余冷凍保存,用于生化分析。
1.4 HE染色檢測(cè)肝組織病理變化
將1.3肝組織塊切成4μm厚的切片,HE染色。光學(xué)顯微鏡下進(jìn)行組織病理觀察,對(duì)小鼠肝組織病理進(jìn)行半定量評(píng)分[11-12]。0分:肝細(xì)胞排列整齊、致密,無組織內(nèi)出血,無炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);1分:肝細(xì)胞排列疏松,可見部分空泡變性,有少量組織內(nèi)出血或炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);2分:部分肝組織顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和肝細(xì)胞形態(tài)破壞,伴有部分組織內(nèi)出血或炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);3分:大面積肝癥顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和肝細(xì)胞形態(tài)破壞,伴有明顯的組織內(nèi)出血或炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。
1.5比色法檢測(cè)血清和肝組織生化指標(biāo)
在小鼠瀕死狀態(tài)下(存活小鼠則在造模24 h后)進(jìn)行眼眶靜脈叢取血,分離血清,血清中GPT和GOT水平以及肝組織中MDA,GSH,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px和胱天蛋白酶3水平均按試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行測(cè)定。
1.6 DCFH-DA熒光探針法定測(cè)定肝組織中ROS的相對(duì)含量
將適量的肝組織懸浮在冰冷的含(mmol·L-1)Tris-HCl(pH 7.4)20,MgCl25,KCl130,NaH2PO420和葡萄糖30的緩沖液中,研磨均勻成組織勻漿。將組織勻漿于4°C,12 000×g離心15 min,取上清液。向上清液中加入終濃度為5μmol·L-1的DCFH-DA,混勻,37°C孵育15 min后,加入終濃度為1μmol·L-1H2O2終止反應(yīng),在熒光分光光度計(jì)上測(cè)定熒光強(qiáng)度(fluorescence intensity,F(xiàn)I),以實(shí)驗(yàn)組FI/對(duì)照組FI比值表示ROS的相對(duì)含量[10]。
1.7 ELISA法測(cè)定血清和肝細(xì)胞炎癥因子的含量
血清和肝勻漿中TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6的含量測(cè)定均按照ELISA試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。
1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)用x±s表示。采用t檢驗(yàn)比較2個(gè)給藥組數(shù)據(jù)差別的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。采用Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)法比較給藥對(duì)小鼠存活的影響。如>2個(gè)組(如模型組和兩個(gè)給藥組的比較),則先采用單因素方差分析比較多個(gè)組的數(shù)據(jù)差異,然后采用Scheffe法進(jìn)行均數(shù)的兩兩比較。P<0.05認(rèn)為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠存活的影響
如圖1結(jié)果顯示,ALF模型小鼠12 h有7/10存活,24 h有2/10存活。PSSC 30 mg·kg-1組小鼠12 h有8/10存活,24 h有5/10存活;PSCC 100 mg·kg-1組小鼠12 h有9/10存活,24 h有7/10存活。采用Kaplan-Meier檢驗(yàn)法,與模型組比較,PSSC 100 mg·kg-1組小鼠存活比例明顯提高,2條生存曲線存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.01),提示PSSC對(duì)LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的小鼠死亡具有緩解作用。
2.2 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠肝組織病理及肝指數(shù)的影響
Fig.1 Effect of polysaccharides from S.chinensis(PSSC)on survival of LPS and GalN-induced acute liver failure(ALF)mice.The mice of PSCC groups were ip given PSCC 30 or 100 mg·kg-1once a day,for a week.Other groups were ip given with equal volumes of saline.Two hours after drug treat?ment,modeland PSSC groups were ip injected with LPS 10μg·kg-1and GalN 700 mg·kg-1.n=10.Compared with modelgroup,the survivalcurve of PSSC 100 mg·kg-1group was of statisticaldiffer?ence(P<0.01).
小鼠肝組織顯微病理結(jié)果(圖2)顯示,正常對(duì)照組肝細(xì)胞緊湊排列,胞質(zhì)充盈,無明顯炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和組織內(nèi)出血。模型組肝細(xì)胞排列雜亂,胞質(zhì)皺縮,細(xì)胞邊界模糊,可見大量的炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和明顯的肝組織內(nèi)出血。半定量評(píng)分結(jié)果表明,與正常對(duì)照組比較,模型組肝組織病理評(píng)分升高(P< 0.01),是正常組對(duì)照組的9.3倍;與模型組比較,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組肝組織病理評(píng)分則分別下降至57%和25%(P<0.01)(表1)。肝指數(shù)結(jié)果(表1)顯示,與正常組對(duì)照組相比,模型組小鼠肝指數(shù)升高(P<0.01),是正常對(duì)照組的1.26倍;與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組肝指數(shù)分別下降至86%和78%(P<0.01),提示PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1可緩解LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的肝損傷。
Tab.1 Effect of PSSC on liver indexes and pathological scores of ALF mice
2.3 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠血清轉(zhuǎn)氨酶活性的影響
血清GPT和GOT活性分析結(jié)果(表2)顯示,模型組小鼠血清GPT和GOT活性升高(P<0.01),分別是正常對(duì)照組的86.8和12.8倍,提示模型組小鼠出現(xiàn)肝細(xì)胞損傷。與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組顯著降低LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的血清GPT和GOT活性升高(P<0.01),血清GPT分別下降至21%和3%,血清GOT分別下降至49%和16%。
Tab.2 Effect of PSSC on activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxalacetic trans?aminase(GOT)in serum of ALF mice
Fig.2 Effect of PSSC on liver pathologicalmorphology of ALF mice detected by HE staining.See Fig.1 for the mouse treatment.Arrows indicate hepatic hemorrhage or infiltration ofinflammatory cells.
2.4 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠肝氧化應(yīng)激酶含量及抗氧化酶活性的影響
氧化應(yīng)激酶含量檢測(cè)結(jié)果(表3)顯示,與正常對(duì)照組比,模型組小鼠肝組織中MDA含量上升(P<0.01),是正常對(duì)照組的2.23倍;抗氧化因子GSH含量則下降至51%(P<0.01),ROS的相對(duì)含量上升(P<0.01),是正常對(duì)照組的4.31倍;提示ALF模型小鼠肝組織中出現(xiàn)明顯的氧化應(yīng)激。與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組小鼠肝組織中MDA和ROS的含量降低(P<0.01),GSH含量升高(P<0.01),提示PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1可緩解ALF模型小鼠肝組織中出現(xiàn)的氧化應(yīng)激。
抗氧化酶活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果(表4)顯示,與正常對(duì)照組比,模型組小鼠肝組織中SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性降低(P<0.01);與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組小鼠肝組織中SOD,CAT和GSH-Px活性升高(P<0.01)。
2.5 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠血清和肝組織炎癥因子含量的影響
小鼠血清(表5)及肝組織(表6)炎癥因子含量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,與正常組相比,模型組小鼠血清和肝組織中TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6的含量增加(P<0.01)。與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組小鼠血清和肝組織中TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6含量降低(P<0.01)。
2.6 石見穿多糖對(duì)急性肝衰竭小鼠肝組織胱天蛋白酶3活性的影響
小鼠肝組織中胱天蛋白酶3活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果(表7)顯示,與正常組對(duì)照相比,模型組小鼠肝組織中胱天蛋白酶3活性增加,是正常組對(duì)照的5.28倍(P<0.01)。與模型組相比,PSSC 30和100 mg·kg-1組肝組織胱天蛋白酶3活性分別降低至68%和36%(P<0.01)。
Tab.3 Effect of PSCC on content of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)in liver tissue of ALF mice
Tab.4 Effect of PSSC on activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes of ALF mice
Tab.5 Effect of PSCC on serum content of inflammatory factors in ALF mice
Tab.6 Effect of PSSC on hepatic inflammation factors in ALF mice
Tab.7 Effect of PSSC on activity of hepatic caspase 3 in ALF mice
LPS和GalN的聯(lián)合作用下,小鼠肝細(xì)胞在短時(shí)間內(nèi)被大量破壞,肝功能迅速衰竭,ALF小鼠迅速死亡[13-14],與本研究結(jié)果一致。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PSSC明顯延長(zhǎng)了ALF模型小鼠的存活時(shí)間。提示PSSC對(duì)ALF誘導(dǎo)的小鼠死亡具有明顯的緩解作用。
本研究結(jié)果還顯示,PSSC可降低ALF模型小鼠血清GPT和GOT的活性及肝組織病理評(píng)分。肝細(xì)胞受損后,細(xì)胞內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)氨酶釋放進(jìn)入機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境,血清GPT和GOT水平可顯示肝細(xì)胞的受損程度[15-17]。因此提示,PSSC能緩解ALF模型小鼠的肝細(xì)胞損傷。
肝氧化應(yīng)激與LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的ALF緊密相關(guān)[18-21]。PSSC給藥后,ALF模型小鼠肝和血清中GSH,SOD,GSH-Px和CAT的水平均顯著增加,而MDA含量則明顯下降。這些研究結(jié)果說明,PSSC可提高ALF小鼠肝組織抗氧化酶活性,增加抗氧化因子GSH含量,降低氧化應(yīng)激標(biāo)志物水平。不僅如此,PSSC還能明顯降低肝組織ROS的相對(duì)含量。因此,緩解肝氧化應(yīng)激在PSSC的肝保護(hù)活性中發(fā)揮了重要作用。
經(jīng)PSSC處理后,ALF模型小鼠血清和肝組織中TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6含量均明顯降低。這些炎癥因子可與肝細(xì)胞表面相關(guān)受體相結(jié)合,啟動(dòng)受體下游信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,破壞肝細(xì)胞功能,甚至誘導(dǎo)肝細(xì)胞死亡[22-23],在LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)ALF的過程中起到關(guān)鍵作用[24]。本研究結(jié)果提示,抑制炎癥反應(yīng)與PSSC的肝保護(hù)活性相關(guān)。
PSSC顯著抑制了ALF模型小鼠肝組織中胱天蛋白酶3活性。在ALF發(fā)生的過程中,細(xì)胞凋亡扮演了重要的角色,胱天蛋白酶3是介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的重要因子,LPS和GalN可能通過激活胱天蛋白酶3活性而導(dǎo)致肝細(xì)胞異常凋亡繼而出現(xiàn)ALF[25-27]。本研究結(jié)果提示,抑制肝細(xì)胞凋亡在PSSC的肝保護(hù)活性中亦起到重要作用。
綜上所述,PSSC對(duì)LPS和GalN聯(lián)合誘導(dǎo)的小鼠ALF具有明顯的緩解作用,可能與其降低ALF小鼠肝組織氧化應(yīng)激、抑制炎癥反應(yīng)和阻止細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)。
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Protective effect of Salvia chinensis Benth.polysaccharides on lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine induced acute liver failure in mice
HUANG Xu,ZHANG Lang,HAO Ji,CHENG Zhuo,FENG Tian-hui,SHU Guang-wen
(Department of ChemicalBiology,Schoolof PharmaceuticalSciences,South-CentralUniversity for Nationalities,Wuhan 430074,China)
OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effectof polysaccharides from Salvia Chinensis Benth.(PSSC)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-galactosamine(GalN)-provoked mouse acute liver failure(ALF)and the possible molecular mechanism.METHODSKunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:normalcontrol,model,model+PSSC 30 and 100 mg·kg-1groups.PSCC was given once a day and for a week.To establish an ALF model,mice ofmodeland PSSC groups were ip injected with LPS 10μg·kg-1and GalN 700 mg·kg-1atthe end of PSSC treatment.The microscopic structure of the liver was detected by HE staining.Serum and hepatic biochemicalparameters ofglutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA),and glutathione(GSH)were detected by colorimetric methods.The relative content of hepatic reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured by DCFH-DA fluorescentprobes.Levels ofcytokines tumornecrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and IL-6 in the serum and liver were detected by ELISA.Activity of caspase 3 in liver homogenates was detected by aspase 3 activity assay kit.RESULTSCompared with normalcontrolgroup,in the liver ofmodelgroup,hepatocytes were arrayed in disorder,cytoplasm ofhepatocytes shrank,and boundaries between cells were fuzzy,the infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells and tissue hemorrhage could be detected,pathologicalscores were elevated significantly(P<0.01),levels of MDA and ROS in the liver of ALF modelmice were elevated to 2.2 and 4.3 times thatof the normalcontrol,respectively (P<0.01),the level of GSH decreased to 51%(P<0.01),and the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px declined to 74%,36%and 42%,respectively(P<0.01).Levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the serum and liver ofmodelgroup were increased(P<0.01),and caspase 3 activity was increased to 5.3 times that of the normal control(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the number of surviving mice in PSSC groups increased,liver pathologicalscores declined(P<0.01),levels of MDA and ROS increased (P<0.01),levels of GSH,TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 in the liver and serum declined(P<0.01),and caspase 3 activity decreased(P<0.01).CONCLUSIONPSSC is able to alleviate LPS and GalN-induced ALF in mice. Inhibition ofhepatic oxidative stress,inflammatory response,and cellapoptosis is possibly implicated in the protective effect of PSSC.
polysaccharides,Salvia chinensis;acute liverfailure;lipopolysaccharides;galactosamine
SHU Guang-wen,E-mail:shuguangwen@whu.edu.cn,Tel/Fax:(027)67841196
R265.5
:A
:1000-3002-(2017)04-0311-07
10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2017.04.003
Foundation item:The project supported by Research Project of Higher Education from Hubei Provincial Department of Education(2015195)
2016-11-11接受日期:2017-04-01)
(本文編輯:賀云霞)
湖北省高等學(xué)校省級(jí)教學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目(2015195)
黃旭,男,化學(xué)生物學(xué)專業(yè)本科生;舒廣文,男,理學(xué)博士,副教授,主要從事傳統(tǒng)藥物治療肝疾病的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)與作用機(jī)制研究。
舒廣文,E-mail:shuguangwen@whu.edu.cn,Tel/ Fax:(027)67841196